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Contemporary discriminatory Linguistic Expressions Against the Female Gender in the Igbo Language

Language and Semiotic Studies 2017年第3期3卷 26-41页

作者： Ogbonna Anyanwu Ngozi Ugo-Ochulo University of Uyo Michael Okpara University of Agriculture

The Igbo traditional society is patriarchal in nature with a prevalence of gender stereotypes. Men train their male children to grow up bold, strong, courageous, audacious and fearless while women on the other hand groom their female children to be soft-spoken, subservient and gentle. Both men and women have accepted their gender roles as a characterization which fate and destiny have bestowed on them, and are sensitized and indoctrinated in such a way that there are no conflicts between the two groups on the basis of their inherent traditional roles(cf. Ozumba, 2005). In the context of the Igbo traditional setting and within the confines of the gender stereotypes women are generally not viewed or perceived by their male counterparts as having the same status. This perception of women is often reflected in the social use of language to the extent that women are sometimes socially addressed and described with biased and discriminatory linguistic remarks and expressions. This paper descriptively examines, from semantic and pragmatic viewpoints, some discriminatory and biased Igbo linguistic expressions used by some men against women in contemporary Igbo society. The data for the study were collected mainly through oral interviews. The findings reveal that women are addressed and described with derogatory linguistic terms and imagery, portrayed as inferior to men. Based on the findings, the paper recommends a re-orientation of Igbo men from a young age, starting with parental discouragement of this trend in the home. Further studies on the general attitude towards women in contemporary Igbo society as linguistically expressed are suggested since such studies will constitute veritable sources of research information.

关键词： language women gender discriminatory Igbo

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A new tumor-associated antigen prognostic scoring system for spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma after partial hepatectomy

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2018年第4期15卷 415-424页

作者： Jingjing Wu Peng Zhu Zhanguo Zhang Bixiang Zhang Chang Shu Lin Chen Renjie Feng Abdoul aziz Mba'nbo koumpa Ganxun Li Qianyun Ge Department of Hepatic Surgery Center Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Department of Neurology Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Objective:Spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)rupture can be fatal,and hepatic resection could achieve a favorable long-term survival among all strategies of tumor rupture.However,there is no available prognostic scoring system for patients with ruptured HCC who underwent partial hepatectomy.Methods:From January 2005 to May 2015,129 patients with spontaneous HCC rupture underwent partial hepatectomy.Preoperative clinical data were collected and analyzed.Independent risk factors affecting overall survival(OS)were used to develop the new scoring system.Harrell’s C statistics,Akaike information criterion(AIC),the relative likelihood,and the log likelihood ratio were calculated to measure the homogeneity and discriminatory ability of a prognostic system.Results:In the multivariable Cox regression analysis,three factors,including tumor size,preoperativeα-fetoprotein level,and alkaline phosphatase level,were chosen for the new tumor-associated antigen(TAA)prognostic scoring system.The 1-year OS rates were 88.1%,43.2%,and 30.2%for TAA scores of 0–5 points(low-risk group),6–9 points(moderate-risk group),and 10–13points(high-risk group),respectively.The TAA scoring system had superior homogeneity and discriminatory ability(Harrell’s C statistics,0.693 vs.0.627 and 0.634;AIC,794.79 vs.817.23 and 820.16;relative likelihood,both<0.001;and log likelihood ratio,45.21 vs.22.77 and 21.84)than the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system and the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program in predicting OS.Similar results were found while predicting disease-free survival(DFS).Conclusions:The new prognostic scoring system is simple and effective in predicting both OS and DFS of patients with spontaneous ruptured HCC.

关键词： Spontaneous rupture prognostic scoring system homogeneity discriminatory ability overall survival disease-free survival hepatocellular carcinoma

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Multi-locus genetic risk score predicts risk for Crohn's disease in Slovenian population

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第14期22卷 3777-3784页

作者： Katarina Zupancic Kristijan Skok Katja Repnik Rinse K Weersma Uros Potocnik Pavel Skok Center for Human Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Medical Faculty of Maribor University of Maribor 2000 Maribor Slovenia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen 9700 Groningen The Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology University Medical Center 2000 Maribor Slovenia Slovenia and Medical Faculty of Maribor University of Maribor 2000 Maribor Slovenia

AIM: To develop a risk model for Crohn's disease(CD) based on homogeneous population.METHODS: In our study were included 160 CD patients and 209 healthy individuals from Slovenia. The association study was performed for 112 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs). We generated genetic risk scores(GRS) based on the number of risk alleles using weighted additive model. discriminatory accuracy was measured by area under ROC curve(AUC). For risk evaluation, we divided individuals according to positive and negative likelihood ratios(LR) of a test, with LR > 5 for high risk group and LR 5.54) showed significantly increased odds of developing CD(OR = 26.65, 95%CI: 11.25-63.15) compared to the individuals with the lowest risk(GRS discriminatory ability was not improved significantly; AUC of all 74 SNPs was 0.76.CONCLUSION: The authors proved the possibility of building accurate genetic risk score based on 33 risk variants on Slovenian CD patients which may serve as a screening tool in the targeted population.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease discriminatory accuracy Genetic risk score Single nucleot

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