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discharge plasma for prebiotic chemistry: Pathways to life’s building blocks

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第6期8卷 823-835页

作者： DingWei Gan LongFei Hong TianYu Li TianQi Zhang XiangYu Wang JiePing Fan RuSen Zhou DingXin Liu JianXi Ying Patrick JCullen YuFen Zhao RenWu Zhou State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Centre for Plasma BiomedicineSchool of Electrical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales 2006Australia Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life SciencesNingbo UniversityNingbo Zhejiang 315211China

discharge plasmas, recognized as unique platforms for investigating the origins of chemical life, have garnered extensive interest for their potential to simulate prebiotic conditions. This paper embarks on a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the plasma-enabled synthesis of life’s building blocks, charting the complex environmental parameters believed to have surrounded life’s inception. This discussion elaborates on the fundamental mechanisms of discharge plasmas and their likely role in fostering conditions necessary for the origin of life on early Earth. We consider a variety of chemical reactions facilitated by plasma, specifically the synthesis of vital organic molecules - amino acids, nucleobases, sugars, and lipids. Further, we delve into the impact of plasmas on prebiotic chemical evolution. We expect this review to open new horizons for future investigations in plasma-related prebiotic chemistry that could offer valuable insights for unraveling the mysteries of life's origin.

关键词： origin of life discharge plasma prebiotic chemistry chemical evolution

Liquid discharge plasma for fast biomass liquefaction at mild conditions: The effects of homogeneous catalysts

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第5期14卷 763-771页

作者： Sen Wang Shiyun Liu Danhua Mei Rusen Zhou Congcong Jiang Xianhui Zhang Zhi Fang Kostya(Ken)Ostrikov College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of plasma and Magnetic Resonance Institute of Electromagnetics and AcousticsDepartment of Electronic ScienceCollege of Electronic Science and TechnologyXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China School of Chemistry Physics and Mechanical EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4000Australia

Non-thermal plasma exhibits unique advan-tages in biomass conversion for the sustainable production of higher-value energy *** homogeneous catalysts are usually required for plasma-enabled biomass liquefaction to achieve time-and energy-efficient ***,the effects of such catalysts on the plasma-assisted liquefaction process and of the plasma on those catalysts have not been thoroughly *** this study,an electrical discharge plasma is employed to promote the direct liquefaction of sawdust in a mixture of polyethylene glycol 200 and *** commonly used chemicals,sulfuric acid,nitric acid and sodium p-toluene sulfate,were selected as *** effects of the type of catalyst and concentration on the liquefaction yield were examined;further,the roles of the catalysts in the plasma liquefaction process have been *** results showed that the liquefaction yield attains a value of 90%within 5 min when 1%sulfuric acid was employed as the *** with the other catalysts,sulfuric acid presents the highest efficiency for the liquefaction of *** was observed that hydrogen ions from the catalyst were primarily responsible for the significant thermal effects on the liquefaction system and the generation of large quantities of active species;these effects directly con-tributed to a higher efficacy of the plasma-enabled liquefaction process.

关键词： discharge plasma biomass liquefaction cata-lyst homogeneous catalysts

Experiment and Analysis on the Treatment of Gaseous Benzene Using Pulsed Corona discharge plasma

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plasma Science and Technology 2004年第2期6卷 2241-2246页

作者：闫学锋胡真 Research Institute of Chemical Defence Beijing 102205 China

An experiment and analysis on removal of gaseous benzene by pulse corona induced-plasma is presented in this article. Important parameters effecting removal efficiency have been investigated, such as pulse peak voltage, pulse frequency, gas inlet concentration, gas flow rate and reactor temperature. The result shows that the removal efficiency increases with the increase in pulse peak voltage, pulse frequency and reactor temperature, but decreases in the rise of gas inlet concentration and gas flow rate. On the condition of Vp= 36 kV, f= 80 Hz, C=1440 mg/m3 and Q=640 ml/min, the largest removal efficiency is 98%. Finally, the reacted products are qualitatively analysed and the reaction processes are deduced in combination with plasma-chemistry theory.

关键词： discharge plasma treatment volatile organic compounds

A Cascaded discharge plasma—Adsorbent Technique for Engine Exhaust Treatment

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plasma Science and Technology 2003年第3期5卷 1825-1833页

作者： B.S.Rajanikanth A.D.Srinivasan B.AryaNandiny DeptofHighVoltageEngineering IndianInstituteofScienceBangalore560012India

A cascaded system of electrical discharges (non-thermal plasma) andadsorption process was investigated for the removal of oxides of Nitrogen (NO_x) and totalhydrocarbons (THC) from an actual diesel engine exhaust. The non-thermal plasma and adsorptionprocesses were separately studied first and then the cascaded process was studied. In this study,different types of adsorbents were used. The NO_x removal efficiency was higher withplasma-associated adsorption (cascaded) process compared to the individual processes and the removalefficiency was found almost invariant in time. When associated by plasma, among the adsorbentsstudied, activated charcoal and MS-13X were more effective for NO_x and THC removal *** experiments were conducted at no load and at 50 % load conditions. The plasma reactor was keptat room temperature throughout the experiment, while the temperature of the adsorbent reactor wasvaried. A relative comparison of adsorbents was discussed at the end.

关键词： discharge plasma engine exhaust adsorbent non-thermal plasma

Unfiltered Diesel Engine Exhaust Treatment by discharge plasma: Effect of Soot Oxidation

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plasma Science and Technology 2004年第5期6卷 2475-2480页

作者： B.S.Rajanikanth Subhankar Das A.D.Srinivasan Dept. of High Voltage Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 IndiaDept. of High Voltage Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 IndiaDept. of High Voltage Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India

A cascaded system of electrical discharges (Non-thermal plasma), catalyst andadsorption process was investigated for the removal of oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) and carbonmonoxide (CO) from a Diesel engine raw exhaust. The three processes were separately studied first,and then the cascaded processes, namely plasma-catalyst and plasma-adsorbent, were investigated. Inthis paper main emphasis was laid on the effect of carbonaceous soot oxidation on the plasmatreatment process. While the cascaded plasma-catalyst process exhibits a higher CO removal, thecascaded plasma-adsorbent process exhibits a higher NO_x removal. The experiments were conductedunder no-load. The plasma and adsorbent reactors were kept at room temperature throughout theexperiment while the catalyst reactor was kept at 200℃ / 300℃.

关键词： discharge plasma diesel engine exhaust catalyst adsorbent non-thermalplasma

Enhanced Performance of discharge plasma in Raw Engine Exhaust Treatment-Operation under Different Temperatures and Loads

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plasma Science and Technology 2005年第4期7卷 2943-2946页

作者： B S Rajanikanth A D Srinivasan Subhankar das Dept.of High Voltage Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012IndiaDept.of High Voltage Engineering Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012IndiaDept.of High Voltage Engineering Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012India

This paper reports improved performance of discharge plasma in raw engine exhaust treatment. For the purpose of investigation, both filtered and raw diesel engine exhaust were separately treated by the discharge plasma. In raw exhaust environment, the discharge plasma exhibits a superior performance with regard to NOx removal, energy consmnption and formation of by-products. In this study, experiments were conducted at conditions of different temperatures and loads.

关键词： raw diesel engine exhaust discharge plasma NOx removal

Degradation of Acid Orange Ⅱ using Negative Pulsed discharge plasma from a Nozzle-Cylinder Electrode Coated with TiO2

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Degradation of Acid Orange Ⅱ using Negative Pulsed Discharg...

Spectroscopic diagnosis of plasma in atmospheric pressure negative pulsed gas-liquid discharge with nozzle-cylinder electrode

中国物理学会第十八届全国静电学术会议

作者： SUN Ming WANG Shaoqi ZHANG Ying Institute of Electrostatics Shanghai Maritime University

Multiple effects generated in pulsed discharge, such as ultraviolet light, strong electric fields, shock waves and active species, can be used to treat wastewater effectively. In order to improve the efficiency of the removing the pollutants by the discharge plasma technology, TiO2 photo-catalyst has been added to the pulsed discharge process.A negative pulsed discharge system containing a nozzle discharge electrode coated with TiO2 is used to degrade azo dye Acid Orange Ⅱ. The effects of peak value of the high-voltage pulse, pulse repetition rate, initial concentration of Acid Orange Ⅱ, initial solution p H, and treatment time on the degradation of Acid Orange Ⅱ are investigated using nozzle discharge electrode with and without a TiO2 coating in the experiments. The degradation of Acid Orange Ⅱ in the gas phase, liquid phase and gas-liquid phase discharge are compared by changing the relative position between the nozzle electrode and the surface of the *** degradation of Acid Orange Ⅱ increases with peak value of the highvoltage pulse, pulse repetition rate and treatment time. The degradation of Acid Orange Ⅱ increases when the discharge electrode is positioned on the surface of the solution, rather than in air or solution. The degradation of Acid Orange Ⅱ decreases as its initial concentration increases, and also depends on pH;it was higher under acidic conditions than neutral or alkaline. The results reveal that this system effectively removes Acid Orange Ⅱ from wastewater. The degradation of Acid Orange Ⅱ increases by 5 % when the nozzle discharge electrode is coated with TiO2.

关键词： Nozzle-cylinder electrode discharge plasma Negative pulsed discharge Acid Orange Ⅱ Degradation rate

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plasma Science and Technology 2018年第5期20卷 30-35页

作者： Ming SUN Zhan TAO Zhipeng ZHU Dong WANG Wenjun PAN Institute of Electrostatics Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306People＇s Republic of China Department of Electrical Automation Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306People＇s Republic of China

The plasma characteristics of a gas-liquid phase discharge reactor were investigated by optical and electrical *** nozzle-cylinder electrode in the discharge reactor was supplied witha negative nanosecond pulsed *** optical emission spectrum diagnosis revealed that OH（A2∑＋ → X2Π,306–309 nm）,N32（CΠ→B3Πg,337 nm）,O（3p5p→3s-5s-0,777.2 nm）and O（3p3p→3s3s0,844.6 nm）were produced in the discharge plasma *** electron temperature（Te）was calculated from the emission relative intensity ratio between the atomic O 777.2 nm and 844.6 nm,and it increased with the applied voltage and the pulsed frequency and fell within the range of 0.5–0.8 e *** gas temperature（Tg）that was measured by Lifbase was in a range from 400 K to 600 K.

关键词： gas-liquid negative pulsed discharge discharge plasma reactivate species nozzle-cylinder electrode diagnosis

Spatiotemporal control of femtosecond laser filament-triggered discharge and its application in diagnosing gas flow fields

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plasma Science and Technology 2022年第2期24卷 73-79页

作者： Zhifeng ZHU Bo LI Qiang GAO Jiajian ZHU Zhongshan LI State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350People's Republic of China College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073People's Republic of China Division of Combustion Physics Lund UniversityLund SE-22100Sweden

Precise control of the discharge in space and time is of great significance for better applications of discharge ***,we used a femtosecond laser filament to trigger and guide a highvoltage DC pulse discharge to achieve spatiotemporal control of the discharge *** space,the discharge plasma is distributed strictly along the channel generated by the femtosecond laser *** breakdown voltage threshold is reduced,and the discharge length is *** time,the electrical parameters such as the electrode voltage and the electrode gap affect discharge delay time and *** optimizing the parameters,we can achieve sub-nanosecond jitter of the *** on the spatiotemporal control of the discharge,we applied filamenttriggered discharge for one-dimensional composition measurements of the gas flow ***,the technique shows great potential in studying the spatiotemporal evolution of discharge plasma.

关键词： femtosecond laser filamentation high voltage discharge discharge plasma spectrum