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Changes in biochemical constituents and induction of early sprouting by triadimefon treatment in white yam(dioscorea rotundata Poir.) tubers during storage

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2007年第4期8卷 283-288页

作者： JALEEL Cheruth Abdul GOPI Ragupathi MANIVANNAN Paramasivam KISHOREKUMAR Ashok GOMATHINAYAGAM Muthiah PANNEERSELVAM Rajaram Stress Physiology Lab Department of BotanyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagar 608 002Tamil NaduIndia

The ability of triadimefon （TDM）, a triazolic fungicide, to alter the biochemical constituents and thereby minimizing the days required for sprouting in white yam （dioscorea rotundata Poir.） tubers during storage under （30±2） ℃ in the dark, was studied. TDM at 20 mg/L was given to tubers by dipping the tubers in treatment solution containing 20 mg/L TDM on 10, 25 and 40 d after storage （DAS）. Starch, sugars, protein, amino acid contents as well as protease and a-amylase activities were estimated on 15, 30 and 45 DAS from two physiological regions viz., apical and basal regions of the tubers. In normal conditions （control） sprouting occurred on 70 to 80 DAS. The starch content decreased, while protein, amino acid, sugar contents and protease and a-amylase activities were increased due to TDM treatment and led to early sprouting.

关键词： Biochemical constituents Enzyme activities dioscorea rotundata Sprouting Storage Triadimefon (TDM)

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Polyphenol Oxidase Activity and Inhibition in White Yam （dioscorea rotundata. Var. Laasirin） Chips as African Fries for Human Consumption

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2016年第1期6卷 43-50页

作者： Oluwatoyin Oluwole Olajumoke Odediran Gbolahan Alagbe Ijeoma Eboagwu Abimbola Jegede Kayode Ogundeji Abimbola Olokoshe Godfrey Asieba Joy Onyibe Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi Lagos Nigeria

Polyphenol oxidase, a bi-functional enzyme, has been implicated in enzymatic browning of yam and other tubers in a negative way. The objective of this present study was to examine the activity of polyphenol oxidase in dioscorea rotundata. Var. laasirin and the efficiency of heat and chemical treatments in inhibiting this enzyme. Crude Polyphenol Oxidase （PPO） of dioscorea ***. Laasirin was isolated and the kinetics studied using the lineweaver-burk plot. The activity of the enzyme was evaluated using spectrophotomeric method. Yam PPO catalyzes oxidation of various substrates with catechol being the most readily oxidized substrate. The Michaelis-Menten constant （Km） and maximum reaction velocity （Vmax） for yam PPO were 0.00037 and 0.3125 respectively. Inhibition data showed that the enzyme had least activity （71.70） when blanched at 95℃ for 7 mins with chemical treatment involving a combination of 0.5% Sodium metabisulphite （Food grade） and 0.5% Ascorbic acid （Food grade）. The activity was highest （83.02） when it was blanched at 95 ℃ for 7 rains. This study has shown that it is possible to inhibit polyphenol oxidase activity in white yam using the chemical pretreatments and processing conditions described in this study for possible adoption in the production of packaged frozen yam chips by food industries.

关键词： Yam polyphenol oxidase dioscorea rotundata blanch sulphite chips.

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Interspecific Crossing between Yam Species (dioscorea rotundata and dioscorea bulbifera) through in Vitro Ovule Culture

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 1268-1274页

作者： Himanshu Saini Yukiko Kashihara Antonio Lopez-Montes Robert Asiedu Genetic Resource Center International Institute of Tropical Agriculture HQ & West Africa Hub Ibadan Nigeria

In the present study, in vitro ovule culture technique was used to obtain interspecific cross combination of dioscorea rotundata ufenyi and dioscorea bulbifera wild. Ten days after pollination, ovules were excised and cultured onto 1/2 strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (Basal salt mixture + Vitamins) supplemented with 6% sucrose, 0.7% agar and plant growth hormones such as GA3, BAP, Picrolam and TDZ. Cultured ovules were transferred on 1/2 MS medium with 3% sucrose and 0.7% agar after three weeks. 40 days after pollination, germination was observed from 7 months cultured ovule between D. rotundata ufenyi x D. bulbifera wild. Hybridity of the regenerated plant was checked by flow cytometric method. A close relation was observed between the fluorescence intensity of the obtained progeny with one of the parents’ fluorescence. The observed progeny can be closely correlated with an apomictic tissue from an ovule parent of D. rotundata ufenyi. Plantlets derived from ovule culture were proliferated through in vitro shoot multiplication with hormonal concentration (0.5 mg/l BAP) supplemented with 1/2 strength MS medium. Obtained ovule culture derived in vitro plantlets were successfully hardened, acclimatized and transferred to the field, where they survived and grew normally. In plant breeding, interspecific crossing is very important technique, enabling the time needed to produce homozygous lines to be shortened as compared to the conventional plant breeding techniques.

关键词： Interspecific Crossing Ovule Culture in Vitro dioscorea rotundata dioscorea bulbifera

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