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digital surface model applied to unmanned aerial vehicle based photogrammetry to assess potential biotic or abiotic effects on grapevine canopies

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第6期9卷 119-130页

作者： Su Baofeng Xue Jinru Xie Chunyu Fang Yulin Song Yuyang Sigfredo Fuentes College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Enology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of MelbourneParkville 3010Australia

Accurate data acquisition and analysis to obtain crop canopy information are critical steps to understand plant growth dynamics and to assess the potential impacts of biotic or abiotic stresses on plant development.A versatile and easy to use monitoring system will allow researchers and growers to improve the follow-up management strategies within farms once potential problems have been *** study reviewed existing remote sensing platforms and relevant information applied to crops and specifically grapevines to equip a simple Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)using a visible high definition RGB *** objective of the proposed Unmanned Aerial System(UAS)was to implement a digital surface model(DSM)in order to obtain accurate information about the affected or missing grapevines that can be attributed to potential biotic or abiotic stress *** analysis process started with a three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction from the RGB images collected from grapevines using the UAS and the Structure from Motion(SfM)technique to obtain the DSM applied on a per-plant ***,the DSM was expressed as greyscale images according to the halftone technique to finally extract the information of affected and missing grapevines using computer vision algorithms based on canopy cover measurement and *** validate the automated method proposed,each grapevine row was visually inspected within the study *** inspection was then compared to the digital assessment using the proposed UAS in order to validate calculations of affected and missing grapevines for the whole studied *** showed that the percentage of affected and missing grapevines was 9.5%and 7.3%,respectively from the area ***,for this specific study,the abiotic stress that affected the experimental vineyard(frost)impacted a total of 16.8%of *** study provided a new method for automatically surveying affected or missing grapevines in the field and an evaluation tool fo

关键词： remote sensing canopy cover viticultural management frost damage digital surface model

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Assessment of canopy vigor information from kiwifruit plants based on a digital surface model from unmanned aerial vehicle imagery

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第1期12卷 165-171页

作者： Jinru Xue Yeman Fan Baofeng Su Sigfredo Fuentes College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Services Yangling 712100ShaanxiChina School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkville 3010.VictoriaAustralia

Information about canopy vigor and growth are critical to assess the potential impacts of biotic or abiotic stresses on plant *** implementing a digital surface model(DSM)to imagery obtained using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV),it is possible to filter canopy information effectively based on height,which provides an efficient method to discriminate canopy from soil and lower vegetation such as weeds or cover *** paper describes a method based on the DSM to assess canopy growth(CG)as well as missing plants from a kiwifruit orchard on a plant-by-plant *** DSM was initially extracted from the overlapping RGB aerial imagery acquired over the kiwifruit orchard using the Structure from Motion(SfM)*** adaptive threshold algorithm was implemented using the height difference between soil/lower plants and kiwifruit canopies to identify plants and extract canopy information on a non-regular ***,a customized algorithm was developed to discriminate single kiwifruit plants automatically,which allowed the estimation of individual canopy cover fractions(fc).By applying differential fc thresholding,four categories of the CG were determined automatically:(i)missing plants;(ii)low vigor;(iii)moderate vigor;and(iv)*** were validated by a detailed visual inspection on the ground,which rendered an overall accuracy of 89.5%for the method proposed to assess CG at the plant-by-plant ***,the accuracies for CG category(i)-(iv)were 94.1%,85.1%,86.7%,and 88.0%,*** proposed method showed also to be appropriate to filter out weeds and other smaller non-plant materials which are extremely difficult to be distinguished by common colour thresholding or edge identification methods.

关键词： canopy vigor UAV imagery digital surface model kiwifruit plant missing plants photogrammetry plant stress

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Primary safe criterion of earth-brushing flight for flying vehicle over digital surface model

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2004年第3期15卷 309-314页

作者：赵敏林行刚赵乃国 DepartmentofElectronicEngineering TsinghuaUniversityBeijing100084P.R.China The2ndInstituteofthesecondArtillery Beijing100085P.R.China

In modern terrain-following guidance it is an important index for flight vehicle to cruise about safely and normally. On the basis of a constructing method of digital surface model (DSM), the definition, classification and scale analysis of an isolated obstacle threatening flight safety of terrain-following guidance are made. When the interval of vertical-and cross-sections on DSM is 12. 5 m, the proportion of isolated obstacles to the data amount of DSM model to be loaded is optimal. The main factors influencing the lowest flying height in terrain-following guidance are analyzed, and a primary safe criterion of the lowest flying height over DSM model is proposed. According to their test errors, the lowest flying height over 1:10 000 DSM model can reach 40. 5 m^45. 0 m in terrain-following guidance. It is shown from the simulation results of a typical urban district that the proposed models and methods are reasonable and feasible.

关键词： digital surface model terrain-following guidance flight obstacle ground feature flight vehicle.

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A Method to Identify Flight Obstacles on digital surface model

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2005年第3期10卷 323-327页

作者：赵敏林行刚孙守宇王有志 The Second Institute of the Second Artillery Beijing 100085 China Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

In modern low-altitude terrain-following guidance, a constructing method of the digital surface model (DSM) is presented in the paper to reduce the threat to flying vehicles of tall surface features for safe flight. The relationship between an isolated obstacle size and the intervals of vertical- and cross-section in the DSM model is established. The definition and classification of isolated obstacles are proposed, and a method for determining such isolated obstacles in the DSM model is given. The simulation of a typical urban district shows that when the vertical- and cross-section DSM intervals are between 3 m and 25 m, the threat to terrain-following flight at low-altitude is reduced greatly, and the amount of data required by the DSM model for monitoring in real time a flying vehicle is also smaller. Experiments show that the optimal results are for an interval of 12.5 m in the vertical- and cross-sections in the DSM model, with a 1:10 000 DSM scale grade.

关键词： digital surface model terrain-following guidance flight obstacle surface feature flight vehicle

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A new GIS-compatible methodology for visibility analysis in digital surface models of earth sites

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第4期12卷 21-33页

作者： Katerina Ruzickova Jan Ruzicka Jan Bitta VSB–Technical University of Ostrava Czech Republic

As a GIS tool,visibility analysis is used in many areas to evaluate both visible and non-visible *** analysis builds on a digital surface model describing the terrain morphology,including the position and shapes of all objects that can sometimes act as visibility ***,some barriers,for example vegetation,may be permeable to a certain *** extensive research and use of visibility analysis in different areas,standard GIS tools do not take permeability into *** article presents a new method to calculate visibility through partly permeable *** method is based on a quasi-Monte Carlo simulation with 100 iterations of visibility *** iteration result represents 1%of vegetation permeability,which can thus range from 1%to 100%visibility behind vegetation *** main advantage of the method is greater accuracy of visibility results and easy implementation on any GIS *** incorporation of the proposed method in GIS software would facilitate work in many fields,such as architecture,archaeology,radio communication,and the military.

关键词： digital surface model Visibility analysis Topographic data processing Obstacle object Permeability

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Using UAVs for detection of trees from digital surface models

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第3期29卷 804-812页

作者： Nusret Demir Department of Space Science and Technologies Remote Sensing Research and Application Center Akdeniz University

A difficult problem in forestry is tree *** this study, a GoProHero attached to a small unmanned aerial vehicle was used to capture images of a small area covered by pinus pinea trees. Then, a digital surface model was generated with image matching. The elevation model representing the terrain surface, a ‘digital terrain model’,was extracted from the digital surface model using morphological filtering. Individual trees were extracted by analyzing elevation flow on the digital elevation model because the elevation reached the highest value on the tree peaks compared to the neighborhood elevation pixels. The quality of the results was assessed by comparison with reference data for correctness of the estimated number of trees. The tree heights were calculated and evaluated with ground truth dataset. The results showed 80% correctness and 90% completeness.

关键词： Tree detection digital surface model Fish-eye camera Photogrammetry UAV

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Analysis of Remotely Sensed Imagery and Architecture Environment for modelling 3D Detailed Buildings Using Geospatial Techniques

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第5期15卷 328-341页

作者： Hayder Dibs Nadhir Al-Ansari Jan Laue Water Resources Management Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Al-Qasim Green University Babylon Iraq Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

The use of three-dimensional maps is more effective than two-dimensional maps in representing the Earth’s surface. However, the traditional methods used to create digital surface models are not efficient for capturing the details of Earth’s features. This is because they represent only three-dimensional objects in a single texture and do not provide a realistic representation of the real world. Additionally, there is a growing demand for up-to-date and accurate geo-information, particularly in urban areas. To address this challenge, a new technique is proposed in this study that involves integrating remote sensing, Geographic Information System, and Architecture Environment software to generate a highly-detailed three-dimensional model. The method described in this study includes several steps such as acquiring high-resolution satellite imagery, gathering ground truth data, performing radiometric and geometric corrections during image preprocessing, producing a 2D map of the region of interest, constructing a digital surface model by extending the building outlines, and transforming the model into multi-patch layers to create a 3D model for each object individually. The research findings indicate that the digital surface model obtained with comprehensive information is suitable for different purposes, such as environmental research, urban development and expansion planning, and shape recognition tasks.

关键词： Satellite Image SketchUp Environment digital surface model 3D Detailed Buildings

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Integrating Highly Spatial Satellite Image for 3D Buildings modelling Using Geospatial Algorithms and Architecture Environment

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第4期15卷 220-233页

作者： Hayder Dibs Nadhir Al-Ansari Department of Water Resources Management Engineering Faculty of Engineering Al-Qasim Green University Babylon Iraq Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

The growing demand for current and precise geographic information that pertains to urban areas has given rise to a significant interest in digital surface models that exhibit a high level of detail. Traditional methods for creating digital surface models are insufficient to reflect the details of earth’s features. These models only represent three-dimensional objects in a single texture and fail to offer a realistic depiction of the real world. Furthermore, the need for current and precise geographic information regarding urban areas has been increasing significantly. This study proposes a new technique to address this problem, which involves integrating remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and Architecture Environment software environments to generate a detailed three-dimensional model. The processing of this study starts with: 1) Downloading high-resolution satellite imagery; 2) Collecting ground truth datasets from fieldwork; 3) Imaging nose removing; 4) Generating a Two-dimensional model to create a digital surface model in GIS using the extracted building outlines; 5) Converting the model into multi-patch layers to construct a 3D model for each object separately. The results show that the 3D model obtained through this method is highly detailed and effective for various applications, including environmental studies, urban development, expansion planning, and shape understanding tasks.

关键词： World View-3 Satellite Image Sketch Up digital surface model 3D Buildings

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A Survey of Sediment Fineness and Moisture Content in the Soyang Lake Floodplain Using GPS Data

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Engineering 2021年第2期7卷 252-259页

作者： Mutiara Syifa Prima Riza Kadavi Sung Jae Park Chang-Wook Lee Division of Science Education Kangwon National UniversityGangwon-do 24341Republic of Korea

Soyang Lake is the largest lake in Republic of Korea bordering Chuncheon,Yanggu,and Inje in Gangwon *** is widely used as an environmental resource for hydropower,flood control,and water ***,we conducted a survey of the floodplain of Soyang Lake to analyze the sediments in the *** used global positioning system(GPS)data and aerial photography to monitor sediment deposits in the Soyang Lake *** from three GPS units were compared to determine the accuracy of sampling location *** samples were collected at three sites:two in the eastern region of the floodplain and one in the western region.A total of eight samples were collected:Three samples were collected at 10 cm intervals to a depth of 30 cm from each site of the eastern sampling point,and two samples were collected at depths of 10 and 30 cm at the western sampling *** were collected and analyzed for vertical and horizontal trends in particle size and moisture *** sizes of the sediment samples ranged from coarse to very coarse sediments with a negative slope,which indicate eastward movement from the *** probability of a breach was indicated by the high water content at the eastern side of the floodplain,with the eastern sites showing a higher probability than the western *** results of this study indicate that analyses of grain fineness,moisture content,sediment deposits,and sediment removal rates can be used to understand and predict the direction of breach movement and sediment distribution in Soyang Lake.

关键词： Soyang Lake Grain fineness number Moisture content GPS data digital surface model

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Prediction accuracy of reservoir break flood simulation model using finite volume method and UAV

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第6期13卷 7-15页

作者： Jeongbae Jeon Won Choi Spatial Information Research Institute Korea Land and Geospatial Infomatix CorporationKorea Land and Geospatial Infomatix CorporationJeollabuk-doSouth Korea Department of Rural Systems Engineering Global Smart Farm Convergence MajorResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea

Methods for producing high-resolution digital topographic maps using an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),and 3D fluid dynamics simulation to estimate the flooded areas caused by a collapsed reservoir,were proposed in this *** UAV flight path for photographing damaged areas was divided into two sections considering the drone flight time and overlapping range of the images in the x-and *** metadata taken by the drone were transferred into world coordinates by tracking the key features of the photographs of nearby areas using a 3D rotation *** point cloud data with a 3D space were extracted from the registered images,and a digital surface map(DSM)was produced using a point cloud classification geometric mapping *** amend the serious elevation errors caused by natural or artificial obstacles,a kriging interpolation method was used to reproduce the DSM.A transient computational simulation that considers both the complex geometric topology and hydrodynamic energy of flowing water was conducted using FLOW-3D software to deal with an renormalization group(RNG)turbulence *** flooded areas calculated through visual reading using images taken by the UAV were compared with the 3D simulation results for *** flooded areas estimated through the simulation were approximately 18.3%larger than those found by visual *** flows were mainly observed in obstacles or curved areas of the stream,and the differences in the water depth could be further ***,the villagers confirmed that the flooded areas were much greater than what was seen through the visual ***,the combination of UAV surveying and the 3D simulation method based on the RNG turbulence model is recommended to accurately estimate flooded areas,and it will support an administrative policy aimed at minimizing the economic costs of damage caused by future reservoir collapses.

关键词： reservoir failure flooded area finite volume method unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetric survey digital surface model

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