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Effect of Cognitive Impairment on Driving-Relevant Cognition in Older Persons

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2014年第1期2卷 11-18页

作者： Rahel Bieri Michael Jager Nora Bethencourt Urs Peter Mosimann Rene Martin Mari Tobias Nef Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group University of Bern Bern 3010 Switzerland Department of Old Age Psychiatry University Hospital of Psychiatry University of Bern Bern 3010 Switzerland Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research University Hospital lnselspital University of Bern Bern 3010 Switzerland ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research University of Bern Bern 3010 Switzerland

Intact cognitive abilities are fundamental for driving. Driving-relevant cognition may be affected in older drivers due to aging or cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive impairment on driving-relevant cognition in older persons. Performance in selective and divided attention, eye-hand-coordination, executive functions and the ability to regulate distance and speed of 18 older persons with CI-Group （cognitive impairment group） was compared to performance of older control group （18 age and gender-matched cognitively normal subjects） and young control group （18 gender-matched young subjects）. The CI-Group showed poorer performance than the other two control groups in all cognitive tasks （significance level （p）〈 0.001, effect size （partial r/e） = 0.63）. differences.between cognitively impaired and cognitively normal subjects were still significant after controlling for age （effect sizes from 0.14 to 0.28）. Dual tasking affected performance of cognitively impaired subjects more than performance of the other two groups （p = 0.016, partial η2 = 0.14）. Results show that cognitive impairment has age-independent detrimental effects on selective and divided attention, eye-hand-coordination, executive functions and the ability to regulate distance and speed. Largest effect sizes are found for reaction times in attention tasks.

关键词： Cognitive impairment, aging, driving, cognition, cognitive assessment, age differences.

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Requirements on Business Interpreters

引用

英语广场（学术研究） 2012年第2期 29-30页

作者：付悠悠杨静南昌大学外国语学院江西警察学院

On the whole, the requirements on business interpreters are almost the same with other interpreters. However, the characteristics of business activities requires that the interpreter should have wide knowledge of the business proper names and phrases, the sensitivity against numbers and the awareness of the different cultures in trade. To be an interpreter in business, one should pay special attention to these aspects.

关键词： business interpreter knowledge of business and trade sensitivity against numbers awareness of cultural differences.

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