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Effects of diagenesis on the Acoustic Velocity of the Triassic Oolitic Shoals in the Yudongzi Outcrop of Erlangmiao Area,Northwest Sichuan Basin

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Journal of Earth Science 2012年第4期23卷 542-558页

作者：荣辉焦养泉吴立群顾元张利亚李荣曾凡平 Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Faculty of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of Geosciences Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta BGP Dagang Branch BGP Inc.China National Petroleum Corporation

The oolitic shoals of the Triassic carbonate platform margin in the Yudongzi （鱼洞子） outcrop of Erlangmiao （二郎庙） area in the northwestern Sichuan （四川） basin present a scarce opportunity to quantitatively describe their diagenesis and its effects on the acoustic velocity. Using a detailed field geologic survey, profiles illustration of typical depositional system, and systematic testing, five types of diagenesis have been identified in the oolitic shoals： micritization, cementation, compaction and pressolution, dissolution, and dolomitisation. The cementation is composed of four subtypes （micrite cements, fibrous calcite cements, granular calcite cements, and blocky calcite cements）. The dissolution is formed from three subtypes （freshwater selective dissolution, burial non-selective dissolution, and burial selective dissolution）. The dolomitisation is composed of three subtypes （fine-crystalline dolomites, microcrystalline dolomites, and medium-crystalline dolomites）. In order to quantitatively describe the diagenetic fabric of oolitic shoals, the micritic grain content, calcite cement content, mean pore diameter, pore types, dolomite content, and dolomite types have been evaluated. Based on these data, the relationship between the acoustic velocity and diagenesis of oolitic shoals hasbeen established. The results show that the diagenetic fabric is linearly related with the acoustic velocity, and the general trend observed is as expected a decrease of velocity as the micritic grain content, mean pore diameter and dolomite content increase, or the sparite cement content decreases. This study will demonstrate that the transformation of diagenetic facies will probably make the petrophysicai properties ofEffects of diagenesis on the Acoustic Velocity of the Triassic Oolitic Shoals in the Yudongzi Outcropthe oolitic shoals regularly changed. The reflection configuration of diagenetic facies in the oolitic shoals can be shown in the synthetic seismic model simulated according to the P-wave impedance and S-wave impedance.

关键词： oolitic shoal diagenesis acoustic velocity Feixianguan Formation Sichuan basin.

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Reservoir Quality and diagenesis of the Permian Lucaogou Formation Tight Carbonates in Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin, West China

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第6期28卷 1032-1046页

作者： Yongqiang Yang Longwei Qiu Yingchang Cao Cheng Chen Dewen Lei Ming Wan School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Qingdao 266580 China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266071 China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay 834000 China

The Lower Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar sag, Junggar Basin is a typical tight-oil reservoir in China. For effective exploration and production, the formation of a high-quality reservoir must be thoroughly studied. In this work, the tight-oil reservoir was examined using a variety of methods, including core and thin-section observations, XRD, SEM, CL and fluid inclusion and isotope testing. The tight-oil reservoirs were primarily deposited in saline lake environments, which are dominated by variable admixture of dolomite, quartz, feldspar, tuff, calcite and pyrite. Nine main lithofacies were identified：（1） siliceous mudstone,（2） dolomitic siliceous mudstone,（3） dolomitic mudstone,（4） intraclast packstone/grainstone,（5） ooid grainstone,（6） bioclast grainstone,（7） dolomitic siltstone,（8） mixed siliclastic and intraclast grainstone and（9） brecciated dolomitic mudstone. The pore types are classified into four categories： primary intergranular, moldic, intercrystalline and fracture pores. The properties of tight-oil reservoirs are quite poor, with low porosity（ave. 7.85%） and permeability（ave. 0.110 mD） and a small pore-throat radius（ave. 0.086 μm）. The tight-oil reservoirs are dominated by the aggradation of a repetitive meter-scale sedimentary facies succession that records distinct lacustrine expansions and contractions. These tight carbonates have also undergone significant diagenetic alterations, such as dolomitization, dissolution, neomorphism and fracture created intercrystalline and moldic pores, vug and fractures; chemical and mechanical compaction and carbonate cementation have decreased the reservoir quality. Variations in reservoir quality in the Jimusar sag are due to a combination of lithofacies type, high-frequency cyclic depositional architecture, dissolution intensity, dolomitization and tectonic related deformation. This integrated study has helped in understanding the reservoir heterogeneity and hydrocarbon potential of the Jimusar fine-grained rocks.

关键词： lithofacies porosity diagenesis tight carbonate Junggar Basin

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Early diagenesis of redox-sensitive trace metals in the northern Okinawa Trough

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第12期38卷 14-25页

作者： Xiaojing Wang Li Li Jihua Liu Yonghua Wu Jingjing Gao Peng Cao Ying Zhang Xuefa Shi Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Marine Geology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China

The early diagenesis processes of several redox-sensitive trace metals(RSMs)(Mo, U and V) were studied with several short sediment cores(~25 cm) collected in the northern Okinawa Trough(OT). Pore water vertical profiles indicated that the sedimentary environments in all cores were between oxic and suboxic, not yet reaching anoxic sulfidic conditions. The recycling process of Mo in sediments was clearly associated with Mn and yielded little authigenic accumulation, while U showed a downcore increase in sediment and its authigenic mass accumulation rate(MAR) was estimated to be ~23% of the Changjiang(Yangtze) and Huanghe(Yellow) riverine flux. Benthic diffusive fluxes and MAR were calculated and the comparison of them showed that U and V fluxes matched relatively well both in direction and in magnitude, implying that diffusion processes at the sedimentwater interface is the dominant process controlling the remobilization or burial of V and U in northern OT. This work provided a systematic study(both in pore water and solid phase) on the RSMs geochemical behaviors during early diagenesis process, yielding a quantitative assessment of the remobilization or burial fluxes of the RSMs in northern OT. Such studies are in general lacking in the coastal margin of Northwest Pacific Ocean.

关键词： diagenesis molybdenum uranium vanadium pore water sediment Okinawa Trough

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Transformation mechanism of muddy carbonate rock by the coupling of bioturbation and diagenesis:A case study of the Cretaceous of the Mesopotamia Basin in the Middle East

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2021年第6期48卷 1367-1382页

作者： YE Yu LI Fengfeng SONG Xinmin GUO Rui Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing 102206China

The transformation mechanism of muddy carbonate rock by the coupling of bioturbation and diagenesis was stud-ied based on core,cast thin section and physical property data of Cretaceous strata in the Mesopotamia Basin,the Middle East.There are 3 ways of biological transformation of rocks:(1)The living creatures transformed formations mechanically to make the rocks looser and intergranular pores increase.(2)After formation,burrows were backfilled with coarse-grained debris,and then unsaturated fluid infiltrated into the burrows during the penecontemporaneous period,resulting in dissolution.(3)Chemical alteration occurred in abandoned burrows and dolomitization produced a large number of intercrystalline pores.The·coupling of bioturbation and dissolution occurred mainly in the penecontemporaneous phase,and was controlled by rock type,sea level decline,burrow abundance,infillings,and water environment etc.As the burrows had better physical properties than the matrix,unsaturated fluid preferentially migrated along the burrows,leading to dissolution and expansion of the burrows first and then dissolution of the matrix.The coupling of bioturbation and dolomitization occurred mainly in the burial phase.The rich organic matter and reducing bacteria in the burrow provided material basis,reducing conditions and alkaline envi-ronment for dolomitization.The metasomatism in the penecontemporaneous period had little effect on the physical properties of the burrows.When the burrows were se parated from the deposition interface,equimolar metasomatism occurred in the burrows in a closed environment,forming euhedral fine-crystalline dolomite with intercrystalline pores.The transformation degree of bioturbation to muddy carbonate reservoir depends on rock type,density,connectivity,infillings and structure of the burrows.With the increase of the carbonate mud content,the im provement to rock physical properties by bioturbation be-comes more prominent.When the burrows are filled with coarse-grained debris or fine-crystalline dolomite

关键词： bioturbation muddy carbonate rocks Mesopotamia Basin Cretaceous diagenesis dissolution dolomitization

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Pyrite Genesis During Early diagenesis in Yellow Sea and East China Sea

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Science China Chemistry 1994年第4期37卷 502-512页

作者：段伟民陈丽蓉 Institute of Oceanography Academia Sinica Qingdao 266071 PRC

The content and isotopic compositions of different sulphur species in pore-water and solid phases have been examined on five sediment cores taken from muddy sediment region in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Relationships among these data have been investigated with the combination of morphology of mineral pyrite and organic matter so as to role out the diagenetic behaviour of sulphur species at the early stage of diagenesis in modern marine sediment and the origin of pyrite formation.

关键词： early diagenesis modern sediment authigenic pyrite different forms of sulphur sulphur isotope.

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Applications of Light Stable Isotopes(C, O, H) in the Study of Sandstone diagenesis: A Review

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第1期93卷 213-226页

作者： XI Kelai CAO Yingchang LIN Miruo LIU Keyu WU Songtao YUAN Guanghui YANG Tian Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development

This article reviews the applications of light stable isotope, including carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, in thestudies on origin and formation temperature of authigenic carbonate, quartz and clay minerals. Theoretical knowledge andanalytical methods for major light stable isotopes are introduced in detail. Negative and positive δ^(13)C values indicatesignificant differences on the origin of carbonate cements. The δ^(18)O value is an effective palaeotemperature scale forauthigenic minerals formation. Various fractionation equations between δ^(18)O and temperature are proposed for carbonatecements, quartz cements and clay minerals, whose merit and demerit, applicable conditions are clarified clearly. Clumpedisotope analysis can reconstruct the temperature of carbonate precipitation with no requirement on the δ^(18)O of initial waters,which makes temperature calculation of carbonate cements formation more convenient and accurate. Hydrogen and oxygenisotopes mainly reflect the origin of diagenetic fluid for clay mineral formation, providing reliable evidence for diageneticenvironment analysis. This work aims at helping researchers for better understanding the applications of light stable isotopein sandstone diagenesis.

关键词： light stable isotopes carbonate cements quartz cements clay minerals sandstone diagenesis

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Hydrothermally induced diagenesis: Evidence from shallow marinedeltaic sediments, WilhelmØya, Svalbard

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 629-649页

作者： Beyene G.Haile Urszula Czarniecka Kelai Xi Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora Jens Jahren Alvar Braathen Helge Hellevang Department of Geosciences University of Oslo Institute of Geological Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)

Sedimentary basins containing igneous intrusions within sedimentary reservoir units represent an important risk in petroleum exploration. The Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic sediments at Wilhelm?ya(Svalbard) contains reservoir heterogeneity as a result of sill emplacement and represent a unique case study to better understand the effect of magmatic intrusions on the general burial diagenesis of siliciclastic sediments. Sills develop contact metamorphic aureoles by conduction as presented in many earlier studies. However, there is significant impact of localized hydrothermal circulation systems affecting reservoir sediments at considerable distance from the sill intrusions. Dolerite sill intrusions in the studied area are of limited vertical extent(～12 m thick), but created localized hydrothermal convection cells affecting sediments at considerable distance(more than five times the thickness of the sill)from the intrusions. We present evidence that the sedimentary sequence can be divided into two units:(1) the bulk poorly lithified sediment with a maximum burial temperature much lower than 60-70 ℃,and(2) thinner intervals outside the contact zone that have experienced hydrothermal temperatures(around 140 ℃). The main diagenetic alteration associated with normal burial diagenesis is minor mechanical plastic deformation of ductile grains such as mica. Mineral grain contacts show no evidence of pressure dissolution and the vitrinite reflectance suggests a maximum temperature of ～40 ℃. Contrary to this, part of the sediment, preferentially along calcite cemented flow baffles, show evidence of hydrothermal alteration. These hydrothermally altered sediment sections are characterized by recrystallized carbonate cemented intervals. Further, the hydrothermal solutions have resulted in localized sericitization(illitization) of feldspars, albitization of both K-feldspar and plagioclase and the formation of fibrous illite nucleated on kaolinite. These observations suggest hydrothermal alteration at T> 120-140 ℃ at distances

关键词： diagenesis Sill intrusions Hydrothermal convection cells Carbonate cement Sericitization of feldspars

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The role of provenance in the diagenesis of siliciclastic reservoirs in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,China

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Petroleum Science 2013年第2期10卷 149-160页

作者： Ding Xiaoqi Han Meimei Zhang Shaonan College of Energy Resources Chengdu University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University

A better understanding of the controls on reservoir quality has become essential in the petroleum exploration in recent years. Determining the original composition of tile sediment framework is important not only for paleogeographic reconstructions, but it is also vital tbr predicting the nature of physical and chemical diagenesis of the potential reservoirs. Depositional setting and diagenesis are important factors in controlling the type and quality of most siliciclastic reservoirs. We studied the Upper Triassic Chang 8 and 6 members, where the relationship between sediment provenance and diagenesis was examined. The study attempts to clarify sediment provenance and post-depositional diagenetic modifications of the sandstones through systematic analytical methods including petrographic macro- and microscopic analysis of grain and heavy mineral types, and measurements of the palaeocurrent direction of the Yanchang Formation sediments in the outcrops in order to determine the provenance of the studied sediments. Furthermore, the relationship between framework grains, pore types and diagenesis of the sediments was analyzed by thin section petrographic characterization using a polarizing microscope. Additionally, a JEOL JSM-T330 scanning electron microscope （SEM） equipped with a digital imaging system was used to investigate the habits and textural relationships of diagenetic minerals. On the basis of our results, we believe that sediment provenance is a significant factor which controls the type and degree of diagenesis which may be expected in sandstones. In the Chang 8 and 6 members, tile formation of chlorite rims and laumontite cement was observed where volcanic rock fragments constitute a large part of the framework grains. Furthermore, high biotite content provides abundant iron and magnesium and enables the tbnnation of chlorite rims due to biotite hydrolysis. In addition, ductile deformation of biotite leads to strong mechanical compaction of the sediments. Conversely, high feldspar content diminishes the

关键词： Provenance diagenesis tight sandstones Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin

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diagenesis and reservoir quality of the Upper Triassic Chang 6 member in Jingan Oilfield, Ordos Basin, China

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Petroleum 2018年第2期4卷 126-133页

作者： Bin Li Jun Peng Qingsong Xia Jiatong Xie Meijianzi Han State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation ChengduChina School of Geoscience and Technology of Southwest Petroleum University ChengduChina Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhanChina

The Chang 6 reservoir of Yanchang formation in Jingan oilfield has relatively poor quality:the porosity ranges mainly from 8 to 14%,and permeability ranges from 0.018 to 10.48 md,with a mean of 1.10 md,categorized as low porosity and low permeability reservoir type with strong heterogeneity.Petrographic and geochemical analyses of various components in these sandstones have provided clues of diagenesis.The sandstones at the early stage of diagenesis are characterized by non-ferroan calcite cementation,grain-coating,pore-lining clay minerals,and initial dissolution of detrital grains.Authigenic quartz,porefilling and grain-replacive laumontites,albitized detrital plagioclase,authigenic K-feldspar,illite and late ferroan calcite cement dominate the late diagenesis.Reservoir quality is influenced by products of late diagenesis stage,the cement(calcite,albite,quartz,illite,and laumontite)occluded primary and secondary porosity.The organic acidic fluid derived from organic matter in the source rocks during the late diagenesis,which results in the dissolution of detrital plagioclase and laumontite cement and was the main reason for the enhancement of reservoir-quality.As a result of that,the residual primary pore and dissolution pore comprised the main accumulation space for oil and gas,and thus become important targets for hydrocarbon exploration.

关键词： Ordos basin Chang 6 member diagenesis Reservoir-quality Dissolution

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Characteristics of diagenesis and Pore Evolution of Volcanic Reservoir: A Case Study of Junggar Basin, Northwest China

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第4期32卷 960-971页

作者： Zhiguo Mao Rukai Zhu Jinghong Wang Jinglan Luo Ling Su Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China National Energy Tight Oil and Gas R&D Center Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoirs CNPCBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Northwest UniversityXi’an 710069China

Unconventional volcanic reservoir is different from conventional reservoir in reservoir space,diagenesis,pore formation and evolution.The Carboniferous volcanic reservoir was selected in Junggar Basin,Northwest China because based on sediment/rock cores and outcrop data,diagenesis and pore evolution were studied by elemental measurements,thin section observations,and diagenetic analyses.These analyses shows that the reservoir lithology is predominantly intermediate-basic volcanic,and the reservoir storage space is composed mainly of secondary dissolved pores and fractures.The reservoir displays great heterogeneity,and has experienced a great variety of diagenetic alteration during various diagenetic stages including:(1)eruption fragmentation,crystallization differentiation and condensing consolidation at consolidated diagenetic stage;(2)metasomatic alteration,filling,weathering and leaching,dissolution by formation fluids and tectonism at the epigenetic modifications stage.The formation and evolutionary process of the pores is extremely complicated.The primary pores were formed during the consolidated diagenetic stage,and laid a foundation for the late development and alteration of effective reservoir.During the epigenetic modifications stage secondary reservoir storage space was developed via the formation of secondary pores and the development of fractures through weathering and leaching,dissolution by formation fluids and tectonism.

关键词： volcanic reservoir diagenesis Carboniferous Junggar Basin

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