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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第2期26卷 259-272页

作者： Igor' V.Kemkin Raisa A.Kemkina Far East Federal University Far East Geological Institute Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

The first data of geochemical study of the Benevka Section cherty rocks belonging to the Taukha terrane of the Sikhote-Alin Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous accretionary prism, Russia Far East are presented. These data demonstrate essential distinctions of major, trace and rare earth element concentrations in different parts of the measured stratigraphic section. The lower chert horizons exhibit high Fe2O3 and MnO contents, low concentrations of Al2O3 and TiO2, relatively high V/Y ratio, and extremely low value of negative Ce anomaly. In contrast the upper horizons composed of clayey cherts and siliceous mudstones are characterized by high Al2O3, TiO2 and K2O contents, low Fe2O3 and MnO values, low V/Y ratio, and slightly negative Ce anomaly. In the middle part of the Benevka Section, in which cherts gradually changed to clayey cherts, intermediate geochemical characteristics are present. Based on these data obtained the depositional environments correspond to proximal to the spreding ridge, open-ocean and near continental margin regimes were successfully reconstructed from bottom to top of the Benevka Section, that indicate that significant horizontal movement took place of the sea-floor, on which the cherts were deposited.

关键词： depositional environment cherts geochemistry Sikhote-Alin.

depositional environment and Origin of Inertinite-rich Coal in the Ordos Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第4期98卷 1064-1085页

作者： SHI Qingmin ZHAO Jun JI Ruijun XUE Weifeng HAN Bo CAI Yue LI Chunhao CUI Shidong College of Geology and environment Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054China Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd.Xi’an 710199China China National Logging Corporation Geological Research InstituteXi’an 710077China

Inertinite-rich coal is widely distributed in the Ordos Basin,represented by the No.2 coal seam of the Middle Jurassic Yan'an *** paper combined coal petrology and geochemistry to analyze the origin of inertinite,changes in the coal-forming environment and control characteristics of *** has shown that there are two forms of inertinite sources in the study *** typical fusinization,wildfire events also play a substantial role in inertinite *** are significant fluctuations in the coal-forming environment of samples at different *** samples were formed in dry forest swamp with low water levels and strong oxidation,which have a high inertinite content,and the samples formed in wet forest swamp and limnic showed low inertinite ***,the inertinite content of different origins does not fully correspond to the depositional environment characterized by dryness and *** inertinites were significantly influenced by climatic conditions,while pyrofusinite was not entirely controlled by climatic conditions but rather directly impacted by wildfire *** high oxygen level was the main factor causing widespread wildfire ***,the combination of wildfire activity and oxidation generates a high content of inertinite in the Middle Jurassic coal of the Ordos Basin.

关键词： inertinite-rich coal wildfire coal petrology geochemistry biomarkers depositional environment

depositional environment and Lithofacies Analyses of Eocene Lacustrine Shale in the Bohai Bay Basin:Insights from Mineralogy and Elemental Geochemistry

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第2期97卷 589-609页

作者： Danish KHAN LIANG Chao QIU Longwei Kamran MIRZA WANG Yelei Muhammad KASHIF Saif Ur REHMAN WANG Yuzhe TENG Jianbin State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdaoShandong 266580China Institute of Geology University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan Department of Earth Sciences University of SargodhaSargodha 40100Pakistan Shengli Oil Field DongyingShandong 257015China

The effect of various depositional parameters including paleoclimate,paleosalinity and provenance,on the depositional mechanism of lacustrine shale is very important in reconstructing the depositional *** classification of shale lithofacies and the interpretation of shale depositional environment are key features used in shale oil and gas exploration and development *** lower 3rd member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation(Es_(3)^(x)shale)was selected for this study,as one of the main prospective intervals for shale oil exploration and development in the intracratonic Bohai Bay ***,it is composed of quartz(avg.9.6%),calcite(avg.58.5%),dolomite(avg.7%),pyrite(avg.3.3%)and clay minerals(avg.20%).An advanced methodology(thin-section petrography,total organic carbon and total organic sulfur contents analysis,X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM))was adopted to establish shale lithofacies and to interpret the depositional environment in the lacustrine *** different types of lithofacies were recognized,based on mineral composition,total organic carbon(TOC)content and sedimentary *** inorganic geochemical proxies(Rb/Sr,Ca/(Ca+Fe),Ti/Al,Al/Ca,Al/Ti,Zr/Rb)have been used to interpret and screen variations in depositional environmental parameters during the deposition of the Es_(3)^(x)*** experimental results indicate that the environment during the deposition of the Es_(3)^(x)shale was warm and humid with heightened salinities,moderate to limited detrital input,higher paleohydrodynamic settings and strong oxygen deficient(reducing)conditions.A comprehensive depositional model of the lacustrine shale was *** interpretations deduced from this research work are expected to not only expand the knowledge of shale lithofacies classification for lacustrine fine-grained rocks,but can also offer a theoretical foundation for lacustrine shale oil explorati

关键词： shale lithofacies shale mineralogy elemental geochemistry depositional environment Shahejie Formation Bohai Bay Basin

depositional environment in the southern Ulleung Basin,East Sea(Sea of Japan),during the last 48000 years

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第5期29卷 52-64页

作者： LIU Yanguang SHA Longbin SHI Xuefa SUK Bong-Chool LI Chaoxin WANG Kunshan LI Xiaoyan Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and environmental Geology First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China Department of Geography East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China South Sea Research Institute Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute （KORDI） Geoje 656-830 Korea

The present study is based on the sedimentological data from a piston core KCES1 off the southern Ulleung Basin margin,the East Sea（Sea of Japan）.The data include sediment color（L^＊）,X-ray radiographs,grain size distribution and AMS^14C *** kinds of sediments（homogeneous,laminated,crudely laminated and hybrid sediments） are identified according to the characters of the sedimentary structures that were considered to reflect changes in bottom-water *** of dark laminated/crudely laminated sediments and light homogeneous sediments represent millennial-scale variations that are possibly associated with the high-resolution changes in the East Asian monsoon（EAM）.The relative contributions of the East China Sea Coastal Water（ECSCW） and the Tsushima Warm Current（TWC） were likely the main reasons for the repetition of the anoxic and oxic depositional conditions in the East Sea since the last 48 ka *** the interstadial,the strengthen summer EAM was attributed to the expansion of the ECSCW because of more humid climate in central Asia,and then more strongly low-salinity,nutrient-enriched water was introduced into the East *** ventilation of deep water was restricted and therefore the dark laminated layer deposited under the anoxic bottom water *** the lowest stand of sea level in the last glacial maximum（LGM）,the isolated East Sea dominated by stratified water masses and the euxinic depositional environment *** homogenous sediments have been predominating since 17.5 ka BP indicating that the TWC has intruded into the East Sea gradually with the stepwise rise of sea level and the bottom water oxygen level was *** the late Younger Dryas（YD） period,the last dark laminated layer deposited because the ventilation of bottom water was restricted by stronger summer *** TWC strengthened and the bottom water became oxic again from 10.5 ka BP.

关键词： East Sea depositional environment East Asian monsoon Tsushima Warm Current

depositional environment,Petrophysical Evaluation and Electrical Properties of Zeit Formation,Northwestern Shore of Gulf of Suez,Egypt

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第5期35卷 1720-1737页

作者： Mohamed M.Gomaa Emad A.Abd El Aziz Geophysical Sciences Department National Research CentreEl-Behoos St.DokkiCairo 12622Egypt

The Zeit sand reservoir is one of the most prolific formations at Northwestern side of the Gulf of *** this research we will try to coordinate between electrical,petrophysical properties,depositional environment and facies discrimination in order to evaluate the hydrocarbon potentiality of studied Zeit *** statistical parameters for potassium(K),thorium(Th)and Th/U ratio contents have a general increase towards northwestern parts,whereas uranium(U)content has a general increase towards southeastern *** sandstone facies is distinguished from the other facies by its thorium content>4 ppm.U has high carbonate content(U≥1 ppm).Rocks'electrical properties vary greatly depending on a number of *** measurements were taken at frequencies range of(5×10^(-4)Hz-100 kHz)for fully saturated samples(clayey sandstone)with NaCl(20 gm/L).As salinity,clay content,and frequency increase,consequently does the electrical *** continental condition are present in northwestern part(back-sea)which is distinguished by high K percent,high Th,high Th/U ratio,and low U *** K,Th,and Th/U ratio contents,with high U contents,characterize the marine depositional environment that existed around the east and southeastern parts(foresea coincide with the dipping of strata).Furthermore,the studied Zeit Formation has good petrophysical properties that coincide with marine *** middle and eastern parts(around ISS-94 and CSS-288)is a good reservoir(porosity 36%-39%,shale content<15%,hydrocarbon saturation 71%-92%,and net pay thickness 17-63 feet).

关键词： Zeit Formation petrophysical evaluation depositional environment Spectral Gamma Ray electrical properties gulf of Suez sedimentology

depositional environment of terrestrial petroleum source rocks and geochemical indicators in the Songliao Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第9期54卷 1304-1317页

作者： FENG ZiHui FANG Wei LI ZhenGuang WANG Xue HUO QiuLi HUANG ChunYan ZHANG JuHe ZENG HuaSen School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Exploration and Development Research Institute Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd. Daqing 163712 China

To determine geochemical indicators for depositional environment favored by terrestrial petroleum source rocks, we selected 40 source rock samples from the Late Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation （Kzqn） and the first member of Nenjiang Formation （K2n1） in the Songliao Basin to qualify saturate fraction and aromatic fraction using GC-HRT （gas chromatography high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry） and quantify important biomarkers using GC-MS. The results reveal that source rocks from the 1st member of Qingshankou Formation （K2qn1） are characterized by not only high contents of terpanes, regular steranes and 4-methylsteranes but also high contents of dinosteranes, C31 steranes and aryl isoprenoids. Presence of specific biomarkers like elementary sulfur and lanostanes indicates a depositional environment of lagoon characterized by water stratification and high salinity. In the 2nd-3rd members of Qingshankou Formation （K2qn2＋3）, source rocks contain lower contents of biomarkers, indicating a depositional environment of shallow fresh-water lake delta. Source rocks in the K2n1 contain high contents of terpanes, regular steranes and 4-methylsteranes but lower contents of dinosteranes, C31 steranes and aryl isoprenoids, indicating a depositional environment of fresh-brackish open lake characterized by low salinity and poor water stratification, where organic matter is seriously altered by bacteria. Overall analysis shows that primary geochemical indicators for terrestrial petroleum source rocks are as follows： 1） C30 hopanes 〉 1500 ppm; 2） gammacerane 〉190 ppm; 3） C27 steranes 〉200 ppm; 4） 4-methylsteranes 〉 100 ppm; 5） aryl isoprenoids 〉 3 ppm; 6） dehydroxyl-vitamin E 〉 10 ppm.

关键词： Songliao Basin source rock depositional environment geochemistry biomarker

depositional environment of shale in Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations, Sichuan Basin

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Petroleum Research 2017年第3期2卷 209-221页

作者： Jianhua Zhao Zhijun Jin Zhenkui Jin Xin Wen Yikai Geng Caina Yan Haikuan Nie College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing 10083China School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 10083China

Formation of organic-rich shale was controlled by depositional processes and environment *** to petrology,mineralogy,fossil composition and sedimentary structure,seven lithofacies of shale were identified in the Wufeng Formation to Longmaxi Formation,e.g.,siliceous shale,silty shale,argillaceous shale,calcareous shale,shell-bearing argillaceous limestone/calcareous mudstone,siltstonefine sandstone and *** shale in the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations,the depositional mode was not only the suspension deposition under the low-energy hydrodynamic condition,but also the biogenic deposition,the storm deposition and the bottom current deposition indicated by large amount of siliceous biological fossils,biological detritus with size graded structure,silt laminations,lenticular bedding,ripple cross-bedding and other sedimentary *** element analysis suggested that the siliceous shale in theWufeng Formation and the lower part of Longmaxi Formation was developed in the oxygen-dysoxic/anoxic depositional environment,which was rich in organic matters;then due to influence of the sea level gradually decline and bottom current,the silty and argillaceous shales were formed,and the oxygen-dysoxic/anoxic depositional environment was destroyed,gradually leading to the worse preservation condition of organic matter.

关键词： Organic-rich shale Lithofacies depositional environment Redox condition Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations Sichuan Basin

REE geochemical characteristics and depositional environment of the black shale-hosted Baiguoyuan Ag-V deposit in Xingshan,Hubei Province,China

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Journal of Rare Earths 2011年第5期29卷 499-506页

作者：杨波涌胡斌鲍征宇张肇淦 National Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Hubei Geology & Mining Company College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University

By means of techniques such as inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry （XRF）,REE geochemical characteristics and depositional environment of the black shales in Baiguoyuan Ag-V deposit,Xingshan,Hubei Province,were studied in this work. The black shales in a typical TC5 profile of Doushantuo Formation of upper Sinian period were obviously enriched in REE,especially in LREE. The REE patterns of the investigated samples normalized by Post Archean Australian Shale （PAAS） showed a flat or slight rightward inclination. The characteristic elements,their ratio and correlation diagrams showed that it should be hot-water deposit and the black shale in the study area was of a sedimentary origin. Redox sensitive metal elements pattern,trace elements index measurement in anoxic environment,Ce anomaly and δEu negative anomaly showed that the deposit environment of the black shales was a reducing and anoxic one and a slight change of the sea level could be identified. The samples relatively focused on the superimposed area of sedimentary rock and basalt in the diagram of La/Yb-ΣREE and La/Yb-Ce/La. So there might be accession of hot-water sedimentation during the period of the formation of the black rock series,mostly in normal terrigenous sedimentation with the participation of deep hot-water deposit.

关键词： black shale rare earth elements geochemistry depositional environment Baiguoyuan Ag-V ore

Biological origin and depositional environment of crude oils in the Qiongdongnan Basin: Insights from molecular biomarkers and whole oil carbon isotope

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Petroleum Science 2024年第5期21卷 3029-3046页

作者： Zi-Ming Zhang Du-Jie Hou Xiong Cheng Da-Ye Chen Gang Liang Xia-Ze Yan Wei-He Chen School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism Ministry of EducationBeijing100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Unconventional Natural Gas Geological Evaluation and Development Engineering Beijing100083China China Coal Research Institute Beijing100013China Exploration and Development Resource Institute Hainan Branch of China National Offshore Oil CorporationHaikou570300HainanChina

Molecular biomarker and whole oil carbon isotope(δ^(13)C_(oil)) analyses were conducted on eleven typical crude oils from the Qiongdongnan Basin to investigate their biological sources and depositional environments. Saturated hydrocarbon biomarkers in most samples are characterized by angiosperm-derived compounds, with aromatic compounds dominated by the naphthalene, phenanthrene, biphenyl, and fluorene series. The related source rocks of these oils were mainly deposited under oxic condition, but a subanoxic-suboxic and enclosed water column condition in the Central Depression during *** identification of simonellite and related compounds in the aromatic fractions provides reliable evidence for the input of coniferous gymnosperms. Cadalene may also have a potential association with gymnosperms since it shows a strong positive correlation with simonellite. Evidence from density, nalkanes, short-chain alkylbenzenes and secondary brine inclusions indicates that the unique crude oil B13-1 may have suffered from thermal alteration. These crude oils(excluding B13-1) can be classified into four types based on the δ^(13)C_(oil)values and molecular biomarkers. Type A oil(solely S34-3) is characterized by non-angiosperm plants, with minor dinoflagellates and increasing contribution from conifer gymnosperms than others. Type B oils(L17-2, L18-1, L25-1, and L25-1W) show heavy δ^(13)C_(oil)(-24 ‰to-25 ‰) and mixed contributions from both angiosperms and marine algae, with the marine algae contribution increasing. Type C oils(L13-2 and B21-1) share similar biological sources with Type B, but the moderately δ^(13)C_(oil)(-25‰ to-26‰) and high level of terrestrial biomarkers suggesting a predominant contribution of angiosperms. Type D oils(Y13-1a, Y13-1b, and Y13-4) possess the lightestδ^(13)C_(oil)(mainly below-26‰) and are primarily derived from angiosperms, with mangrove vegetation playing an important role. Spearman correlation analysis among 14 source biomarker param

关键词： Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Molecular biomarker Simonellite Biological source depositional environment

Application of C5-C13 light hydrocarbons in depositional environment diagnosis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第9期18卷 1129-1137页

作者： Peirong Wanga,b,, Guanjun Xu a,c, Tingrong Xiaoc, Dajiang Zhanga,c, Bin Zhanga,c a Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100083, China b Department of Organic Geochemistry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China c Central Laboratory of Petroleum Geology, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing 100083 China Department of Organic Geochemistry Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China Central Laboratory of Petroleum Geology Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

Based on the geological background and Gammacerane/C31H(S + R) ratios, source rock depositional environments of the studied oil samples (194) from 13 oilfields were classified into three groups according to salinity:saline-lacustrine facies, fresh to brackish lacustrine facies (including limnetic facies), and semi-saline to saline facies (including marine facies of the Tarim Basin).C5-C13 compound groups in the crude oils were separated by GC, and about 286 compounds were qualitatively *** geochemical application of the C6-C13 compound groups and their ratios between each group with individual carbon number was *** studies show that (1) C6-C13 compound groups and their ratios in the crude oils could serve as new reliable parameters for oil-oil correlation because the C6-C13 light fractions are the major oil component, especially in light oil or condensate, in which they account for almost 90% of the whole oil;(2) the compound groups of C7 light hydrocarbons in oils derived from difierent depositional environments with difierent salinity have difierent characteristics;(3) C6-C13 compound groups and ratios may be afiected by other factors such as maturity, but they are mainly controlled by salinity of depositional waters.

关键词： Light hydrocarbons Crude oil depositional environment Salinity