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Large manipulative experiments reveal complex effects of food supplementation on population dynamics of Brandt's voles

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第8期60卷 911-920页

作者： Baofa Yin Guoliang Li Xinrong Wan Guozhen Shang Wanhong Wei Zhibin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University

Although food supplementation is well known to increase population density,there is still debate on the causative effects of food supplementation on reproduction,survival,and *** manipulative experiments,which exclude any confounding effects of dispersal and predation,are essential for clarifying the *** this study,we investigated the effects of food supplementation on Brandt's vole population dynamics and plant community in eight large enclosures(0.48 ha each) from2010 to *** supplementation showed significant positive effects on population density due to increases in recruitment;however,it showed a complex effect on survival of voles:positive in non-breeding seasons,but negative in breeding *** addition,food supplementation increased the quality of plants(as reflected by increased crude protein content),but decreased the quantity of less preferred plants in experimental ***,food seems to have direct positive effects on small rodents through improvement of food supply and indirect negative effects through food-induced density-dependent effects,and may have long-term effects on rodents through altering plant community composition and abundance.

关键词： demographic parameters direct and indirect effects food quantity and quality food supplementation plant communitycomposition population dynamics recruitment survival voles

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Biology and life table parameters of the mushroom pest, Pediculaster fletchmanni （Acari： Siteroptidae）, at three constant temperatures

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Insect Science 2006年第5期13卷 375-380页

作者： KATAYUN KHERADMAND KARIM KAMALI YAGHOUB FATHIPOUR EBRAHIM MOHAMMADI GOLTAPEH A. M. CAMERIK Department of Agricultural Entomology Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Agriculture Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran School of Animals Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

This paper is concerned with the bionomics and demography of Pediculaster fletchmanni Wicht （Acari： Siteroptidae） under controlled conditions （20 ± l, 22 ± 1 and 25 ± 1℃, 70% ± 5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16L ： 8D hours）. Glass Petri dishes inoculated with Trichoderma sp. mycelia were used as substrate and food source. The mean developmental time of the egg and the active larva did not differ significantly at the various constant temperatures, but these periods were significantly different for the quiescent larval stage. The preoviposition period ranged from 2.3 to 2.8 days, the ovipositional period increased with temperature increase, and all females died immediately after oviposition. The development of active larvae was the fastest of all life stages. The developmental threshold ranged between 5.25-14.22℃ the highest value being observed for the quiescent larval development. For immature development required 89.29 degree-days. Values of rm （intrinsic rate of increase） were 0.229, 0.398 and 0.386 for 20, 22 and 25℃ respectively. Finite rates of increase （λ） increased along with increasing temperature from 20-25℃ consequently the population doubling time （D） and mean generation time （T） showed significant differences with increasing temperature.

关键词： degree-day demographic parameters mushroom pest Siteroptidae

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Healthcare Demands of Old Aged Women

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Psychology Research 2019年第10期9卷 432-440页

作者： Richa Choudhary Delhi University DelhiIndia

Population ageing is an inevitable and irreversible demographic reality associated with improvements in health and medical *** increasing longevity is a matter of celebration;it is linked with multiple morbidities and *** huge number of suggestions to cope with feasible growth in demand for long-term care in ageing societies can be organized under four headings:(1)improving system enactment;(2)supporting informal caregivers;(3)restructuring of service delivery;and(4)shifting of demographic *** older women rate their health as poor and experience relatively low mental health *** than half of all older women indicate signs of mental distress according to measures of subjective *** also carry higher burden of both acute and chronic morbidity than their male counterparts due to difference in social status,economic dependency,and cultural barriers.

关键词： healthcare demands biological abnormalities restructure service care-givers demographic parameters

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