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Treatment of diabetic retinopathy: Recent advances and unresolved challenges

World Journal of Diabetes 2016年第16期7卷 333-341页

作者： Michael W Stewart Department of Ophthalmology Mayo Clinic Florida

Diabetic retinopathy(DR) is the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Remarkable advances in the diagnosis and treatment of DR have been made during the past 30 years, but several important management questions and treatment deficiencies remain unanswered. The global diabetes epidemic threatens to overwhelm resources and increase the incidence of blindness, necessitating the development of innovative programs to diagnose and treat patients. The introduction and rapid adoption of intravitreal pharmacologic agents, particularly drugs that block the actions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and corticosteroids, have changed the goal of DR treatment from stabilization of vision to improvement. Anti-VEGF injections improve visual acuity in patients with diabetic macular edema(DME) from 8-12 letters and improvements with corticosteroids are only slightly less. Unfortunately, a third of patients have an incomplete response to anti-VEGF therapy, but the best second-line therapy remains unknown. Current first-line therapy requires monthly visits and injections; longer acting therapies are needed to free up healthcare resources and improve patient compliance. VEGF suppression may be as effective as panretinal photocoagulation(PRP) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but more studies are needed before PRP is abandoned. For over 30 years laser was the mainstay for the treatment of DME, but recent studies question its role in the pharmacologic era. Aggressive treatment improves vision in most patients, but many still do not achieve reading and driving vision. New drugs are needed to add to gains achieved with available therapies.

关键词： Aflibercept Bevacizumab Dexamethasone delivery system Diabetic macular edema Ranibizumab Macular photocoagulation Panretinal photocoagulation Proliferative diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy Fluocinolone acetonide insert

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Echographic imaging of tumoral cells through novel nanosystems for image diagnosis

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World Journal of Radiology 2014年第7期6卷 459-470页

作者： Marco Di Paola Fernanda Chiriacò Giulia Soloperto Francesco Conversano Sergio Casciaro Nanoimaging LAB and Bioengineering Division of the National Research Council Institute of Clinical Physiology Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (CNR-IFC) c/o Campus Ecotekne

Since the recognition of disease molecular basis,it has become clear that the keystone moments of medical practice,namely early diagnosis,appropriate therapeutic treatment and patient follow-up,must be approached at a molecular *** objectives will be in the near future more effectively achievable thanks to the impressive developments in nanotechnologies and their applications to the biomedical field,starting-up the nanomedicine *** continuous advances in the development of biocompatible smart nanomaterials,in particular,will be crucial in several aspects of *** fact,the possibility of manufacturing nanoparticle contrast agents that can be selectively targeted to specific pathological cells has extended molecular im-aging applications to non-ionizing techniques and,at the same time,has made reachable the perspective of combining highly accurate diagnoses and personalized therapies in a single theranostic *** developing applications of nanosized theranostic agents include targeted molecular imaging,controlled drug release,therapeutic monitoring,guidance of radiationbased treatments and surgical *** we will review the most recent findings in nanoparticles contrast agents and their applications in the field of cancer molecular imaging employing non-ionizing techniques and disease-specific contrast agents,with special focus on recent findings on those nanomaterials particularly promising for ultrasound molecular imaging and simultaneous treatment of cancer.

关键词： Ultrasound Molecular imaging Nanoparticles contrast agents Nanomedicine Theranostics Early diagnosis Multimodal medical imaging Cell targeting Drug delivery

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Mesalazine preparations for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: Are all created equal?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2015年第4期6卷 137-144页

作者： Bei Ye Daniel R van Langenberg Department of Gastroenterology Eastern Health Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University

Oral mesalazine(also known as mesalamine) is a 5-aminosalicylic acid compound used in the treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis, with high rates of efficacy in induction and maintenance of *** therapeutic effect of mesalazine occurs topically at the site of diseased colonic mucosa. A myriad of oral mesalazine preparations have been formulated with various drug delivery methods to minimize systemic absorption and maximise drug availability at the inflamed colonic epithelium. It remains unclear whether different oral mesalazine formulations are bioequivalent. This review aims to evaluate the differences between mesalazine formulations based on the currently available literature and explore factors which may influence the selection of one agent above another.

关键词： Colitis Ulcerative Drug delivery systems Mesalamin

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How to improve a urology outpatient service? A survey of patient satisfaction

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World Journal of Clinical Urology 2013年第3期2卷 46-52页

作者： Szilveszter Lukacs Benjamin Tschobotko Gaurav Mukerji Justin Vale Evangelos Mazaris Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust St. Mary’s Hospital London W2 1NY United Kingdom

AIM: To investigate and improve our out-patients department patient satisfaction, provide minimum consultation delay and appropriate consultation duration to meet with targets. METHODS: We distributed the modified satisfaction with outpatient service(SWOPS) questionnaires developed for use in Irish hospitals by the Health Services Research between August and December 2012. The patient disclosed their age and sex and completed the modified SWOPS questionnaire anonymously. Every patient was eligible to participate in the study who attended any of the Urology Outpatient Clinics. Patients lacking capacity to consent were excluded. Additionally, each patient was only permitted to complete one questionnaire regardless of repeat attendances within the 4 mo study period. The answers to every question were presented as percentages. One-way ANOVA was used to establish whether there was a significant difference in appointment delay and "Overall Satisfaction"on the different clinic days. The unpaired t-test was applied to establish whether "Overall Satisfaction" was affected by diagnosis(benign or malignant). Paired t-test was used to establish whether "Overall Satisfaction" was affected by appointment delay and appointment length. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-eight questionnaires were completed with an overall > 65% participation rate. Eighty-one point six percent were male and 18.4% female with a mean age of 65 ± 21 years. Mean delay time was 32 min, which 30.6% stated should be an improvement priority. The delay times for Wednesday(mean 13 min) were significantly(P < 0.05) lower than for other days(mean 36 min). Generally 12-15 min outpatient appointment length is acceptable and adequate for patients as 97.70% suggested, however 31.60% of patients would favour longer duration. Eleven point four nine percent do not want to see different doctors each time, and 31.60% of the patient feel that no change is required. Average satisfaction was 84.65%. There was no significant r

关键词： Satisfaction with outpatient service questionnaire Patient satisfaction Outpatient department Survey Service delivery

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Drug eluting balloons for the treatment of coronary artery disease: What can we expect?

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World Journal of Cardiology 2010年第9期2卷 257-261页

作者： Alexander Joost Volkhard Kurowski Peter W Radke Medical Department Ⅱ UK S-H Campus Lübeck University of Lübeck D-23562 Lübeck Germany

Drug-eluting balloons (DEBs) represent an enhancement of the therapeutic repertoire for the interventional cardiologist. The therapeutic concept of DEBs is promising, notably on the basis of initial studies in patients with diffuse in-stent restenosis (ISR). At present, however, a number of questions regarding long-term efficacy and safety remain, specifically in indications other than diffuse ISR. The results of the evaluation of different substances, balloon systems and clinical indications will determine the long-term success of DEBs.

关键词： Coronary artery disease Coronary balloon angioplasty Drug delivery systems Vascular graft restenosis

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Diabetic macular edema:New promising therapies

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World Journal of Diabetes 2013年第6期4卷 324-338页

作者： Hanan N Al Shamsi Jluwi S Masaud Nicola G Ghazi The Vitroretinal Division King Khaled Eye Specialist HospitalRiyadh 11462Saudi Arabia Department of ophthalmology the university of virginiaCharlottesvilleVAUnited States

The treatment of diabetic macular edema is rapidly *** era of laser therapy is being quickly replaced by an era of *** pharmacotherapies have been recently developed for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic macular *** intravitreal injections or sustained delivery devices have undergone phase 3 testing while others are currently being *** results of clinical trials have shown the superiority of some of these agents to laser ***,with the availability of several of these newer agents,it may be difficult to individualize treatment options especially those patients respond differently to various *** such,more effort is still needed in order to determine the best treatment regimen for a given *** this article,we briefly summarize the major new therapeutic additions for the treatment of diabetic macular edema and allude to some future promising therapies.

关键词： Diabetic macular edema Diabetic retinopathy Intravitreal injection Laser photocoagulation Pharmacotherapy Sustained release drug delivery devices Vitrectomy

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Chiesi与3M的药物输送协议

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国外药讯 2004年第4期 32-32页

作者：范丽珠

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物流学中两个概念的辨析

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商贸经济 2001年第1期

作者：孙志伟张兆响

从不同角度对物流学中的两个重要概念—物流和配送进行了分析，以正确把握物流与配送的本质，为物流学的研究和应用打下基础。

关键词：物流配送辨析 physical distribution delivery discrimination

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Construction and Characterization of Gal-Chitosan Graft Methoxy Poly (Ethylene Glycol)(Gal-CS-mPEG) Nanoparticles as Efficient Gene Carrier

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中国海洋大学学报（英文版） 2017年第5期 873-881页

作者： JIN Jiting FU Wandong LIAO Miaofei HAN Baoqin CHANG Jing YANG Yan College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Zhejiang Research Institute of Marine Development

In the present study, galactosylated chitosan(Gal-CS) was conjugated with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)(m PEG) as a hydrophilic group. The structure of Gal-CS-m PEG polymer was characterized and the nanoparticles(NPs) were prepared using ironic gelation method. The study was designed to investigate the characteristics and functions of Gal-CS-m PEG NPs. The morphology of Gal-CS-m PEG NPs was observed by SEM and it was a compact and spherical shape. The size of the NPs was approximately 200 nm in diameter under the ideal process parameters. The interaction between Gal-CS-m PEG NPs and p DNA, and the protection of p DNA against DNase I and serum degradation by Gal-CS-m PEG NPs were evaluated. Agarose gel electrophoresis results showed that Gal-CS-m PEG NPs had strong interaction with p DNA at the weight ratio of 12:1, 4:1 and 2:1 and could protect p DNA from DNase I and serum degradation. Gal-CS-m PEG NPs exhibited high loading efficiency and sustainable in vitro release. The blood compatibility studies demonstrated that Gal-CS-m PEG NPs had superior compatibility with erythrocytes in terms of aggregation degree and hemolysis level. Gal-CS-m PEG NPs showed no cytotoxicity on L929 cells, which is a normal mouse connective tissue fibroblast, but showed inhibitory effects on the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells, which is a liver cancer cell line. In conclusion, Gal-CS-m PEG NP is a bio-safe and efficient gene carrier with potential application in gene delivery.

关键词： chitosan nanoparticle gene delivery

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Type-C DP技术综述

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数码世界 2017年第7期 24-24页

作者：钟勇汪福州瑞芯微电子股份有限公司

Type-C接口是近年兴起的一种新型USB接口,它支持从正反两面均可插入的"正反插"功能,支持USB3.1的10Gbps传输速度,兼容USB 2.0,提供最高100W的快充,通过交替模式实现最高4K甚至8K的视频输出。本文从原理上介绍了Type-C Display Port交替... 详细信息

Type-C接口是近年兴起的一种新型USB接口,它支持从正反两面均可插入的"正反插"功能,支持USB3.1的10Gbps传输速度,兼容USB 2.0,提供最高100W的快充,通过交替模式实现最高4K甚至8K的视频输出。本文从原理上介绍了Type-C Display Port交替模式的实现方法。

关键词： Type-C Display Port Power delivery

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