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Seasonal to sub-seasonal variations of the Asian Tropopause Aerosols Layer affected by the deep convection,surface pollutants and precipitation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 53-65页

作者： Dongyou Wu Tenglong Shi Xiaoying Niu Ziqi Chen Jiecan Cui Yang Chen Xueying Zhang Jun Liu Mingxia Ji Xin Wang Wei Pu College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Jilin Weather Modification Office Changchun 130000China School of Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

The Asian Tropopause Aerosols Layer(ATAL)refers to an accumulation of aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during boreal summer over Asia,which has a fundamental impact on the monsoon system and climate change.In this study,we primarily analyze the seasonal to sub-seasonal variations of the ATAL and the factors potentially influencing those variations based on MERRA2 reanalysis.The ability of the reanalysis to reproduce the ATAL is well validated by CALIPSO observations from May to October 2016.The results reveal that the ATAL has a synchronous spatiotemporal pattern with the development and movement of the Asian Summer Monsoon.Significant enhancement of ATAL intensity is found during the prevailing monsoon period of July-August,with two maxima centered over South Asia and the Arabian Peninsula.Owing to the fluctuations of deep convection,the ATAL shows an episodic variation on a timescale of 7-12 days.Attribution analysis indicates that deep convection dominates the variability of the ATAL with a contribution of 62.7%,followed by a contribution of 36.6%from surface pollutants.The impact of precipitation is limited.The ATAL further shows a clear diurnal variation:the peak of ATAL intensity occurs from 17:30 to 23:30 local time(LT),when the deep convection becomes strongest;the minimum ATAL intensity occurs around 8:30 LT owing to the weakened deep convection and photochemical reactions in clouds.The aerosol components of the ATAL show different spatiotemporal patterns and imply that black carbon and organic carbon come mainly from India,whereas sulfate comes mainly from China during the prevailing monsoon period.

关键词： ATAL Seasonal to sub-seasonal variations deep convection Asian Summer Monsoon

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Numerical simulations of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC)from OMIP experiments and its sensitivity to surface forcing

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第2期42卷 454-467页

作者： Xiaowei WANG Yongqiang YU State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC)plays an important role in transporting heat meridionally in the Earth’s climate system and is also a key metrical tool to verify oceanic general circulation models.Two OMIP(Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 1 and 2)simulations with LICOM3(version 3 of the LASG/IAP Climate System Ocean Model)developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG),Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP),are compared in this study.Both simulations well reproduce the fundamental characteristics of the AMOC,but the OMIP1 simulation shows a significantly stronger AMOC than the OMIP2 simulation.Because the LICOM3 configurations are identical between these two experiments,any differences between them must be attributed to the surface forcing data.Further analysis suggests that sea surface salinity(SSS)differences should be mainly responsible for the enhanced AMOC in the OMIP1 simulation,but sea surface temperature(SST)also play an unignorable role in modulating AMOC.In the North Atlantic,where deep convection occurs,the SSS in OMIP1 is more saline than that in OMIP1.We find that in the major region of deep convection,the change of SSS has more significant effect on density than the change of SST.As a result,the SSS was more saline than that in OMIP2,leading to stronger deep convection and subsequently intensify the AMOC.We conduct a series of numerical experiments with LICOM3,and the results confirmed that the changes in SSS have more significant effect on the strength of AMOC than the changes in SST.

关键词： oceanic general circulation model(OGCM) Atlantic meridional overturning(AMOC) surface forcing deep convection

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Model Simulations of Mesoscale Eddies and deep convection in the Labrador Sea

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第4期31卷 743-754页

作者： Jieshun ZHU Entcho DEMIROV Ying ZHANG Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK Center for Ocean–Land–Atmosphere Studies George Mason University Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography Memorial University of Newfoundland Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland College Park

deep convection in the Labrador Sea is confined within a small region in the southwest part of the basin.The strength of deep convection in this region is related to the local atmospheric and ocean characteristics,which favor processes of deep convection preconditioning and intense air-sea exchange during the winter season.In this study,we explored the effect of eddy-induced flux transport on the stratification of the Labrador Sea and the properties of deep convection.Simulations from an eddy-resolving ocean model are presented for the Labrador Sea.The general circulation was well simulated by the model,including the seasonal cycle of the deep Labrador Current.The simulated distribution of the surface eddy kinetic energy was also close to that derived from Topex-Poseidon satellite altimeter data,but with smaller magnitude.The energy transfer diagnostics indicated that Irminger rings are generated by both baroclinic and barotropic processes; however,when they propagate into the interior basin,the barotropic process also disperses them by converting the eddy energy to the mean flow.In contrast to eddy-permitting simulations,deep convection in the Labrador Sea was better represented in the eddyresolving model regarding their lateral position.Further analysis indicated that the improvement might be due to the lateral eddy flux associated with the resolved Irminger rings in the eddy-resolving model,which contributes to a realistic position of the isopycnal dome in the Labrador Sea and correspondingly a realistic site of deep convection.

关键词： mesoscale eddies deep convection labrador Sea model simulation

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Application of the rotating-convection paradigm for tropical cyclones to interpreting medicanes:An example

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2022年第3期11卷 131-145页

作者： Gerard Kilroy Hongyan Zhu Minhee Chang Roger K.Smith Meteorological Institute Ludwig-Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany Research Science and InnovationBureau of MeteorologyMelbourneAustralia School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea

The rotating-convection paradigm for tropical cyclone behaviour is shown to provide an attractive and consistent framework for interpreting the dynamics of formation and intensification of at least some medicanes.The ideas are illustrated by a case study of the medicane that formed over the eastern Mediterranean in mid-December 2020.This case study is based on analyses of data from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF),imagery from the European geostationary meteorological satellite,Meteosat Second Generation,and output from a convection permitting numerical simulation of the event using the United Kingdom(UK)Met Office regional model with the RAL2 physics configuration.Limitations of the currently widely accepted interpretation of medicanes in terms of the so-called Wind-Induced Surface Heat Exchange(WISHE)intensification mechanism are discussed.

关键词： Tropical cyclone Hurricane Typhoon deep convection Medicane

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Transport of Asian surface pollutants to the global stratosphere from the Tibetan Plateau region during the Asian summer monsoon

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National Science Review 2020年第3期7卷 516-533页

作者： Jianchun Bian Dan Li Zhixuan Bai Qian Li Daren Lyu Xiuji Zhou Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration

Due to its surrounding strong and deep Asian summer monsoon(ASM) circulation and active surface pollutant emissions, surface pollutants are transported to the stratosphere from the Tibetan Plateau region,which may have critical impacts on global climate through chemical, microphysical and radiative processes.This article reviews major recent advances in research regarding troposphere–stratosphere transport from the region of the Tibetan Plateau. Since the discovery of the total ozone valley over the Tibetan Plateau in summer from satellite observations in the early 1990 s, new satellite-borne instruments have become operational and have provided significant new information on atmospheric composition. In addition, in situ measurements and model simulations are used to investigate deep convection and the ASM anticyclone,surface sources and pathways, atmospheric chemical transformations and the impact on global climate. Also challenges are discussed for further understanding critical questions on microphysics and microchemistry in clouds during the pathway to the global stratosphere over the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau atmospheric composition troposphere–stratosphere transport deep convection Asian summer monsoon

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Weak ENSO Asymmetry Due to Weak Nonlinear Air–Sea Interaction in CMIP5 Climate Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第3期33卷 352-364页

作者： Yan SUN Fan WANG De-Zheng SUN Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071 Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Coloradoand NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Sciences DivisionBoulderColorado 80305USA

State-of-the-art climate models have long-standing intrinsic biases that limit their simulation and projection capabilities. Significantly weak ENSO asymmetry and weakly nonlinear air-sea interaction over the tropical Pacific was found in CMIP5 （Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5） climate models compared with observation. The results suggest that a weak nonlinear air-sea interaction may play a role in the weak ENSO asymmetry. Moreover, a weak nonlinearity in air-sea interaction in the models may be associated with the biases in the mean climate--the cold biases in the equatorial central Pacific. The excessive cold tongue bias pushes the deep convection far west to the western Pacific warm pool region and suppresses its development in the central equatorial Pacific. The deep convection has difficulties in further moving to the eastern equatorial Pacific, especially during extreme El Nifio events, which confines the westerly wind anomaly to the western Pacific. This weakens the eastern Pacific El Nifio events, especially the extreme E1 Nifio events, and thus leads to the weakened ENSO asymmetry in climate models. An accurate mean state structure （especially a realistic cold tongue and deep convection） is critical to reproducing ENSO events in climate models. Our evaluation also revealed that ENSO statistics in CMIP5 climate models are slightly improved compared with those of CMIP3. The weak ENSO asymmetry in CMIP5 is closer to the observation. It is more evident in CMIP5 that strong ENSO activities are usually accompanied by strong ENSO asymmetry, and the diversity of ENSO amplitude is reduced.

关键词： ENSO asymmetry nonlinearity air-sea interaction cold tongue CMIP5 deep convection

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Variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in FGOALS-g2

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第1期31卷 95-109页

作者： HUANG Wenyu WANG Bin LI Lijuan DONG Li LIN Pengfei YU Yongqiang ZHOU Tianjun LIU Li XU Shiming XIA Kun PU Ye WANG Lu LIU Mimi SHEN Si HU Ning WANG Yong SUN Wenqi DONG Fang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084

The variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation （AMOC） in the pre-industrial control experiment of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Grid-point Version 2 （FGOALS-g2） was investigated using the model outputs with the most stable state in a 512-yr time window from the total 1500-yr period of the experiment. The period of AMOC in FGOALS-g2 is double peaked at 20 and 32 years according to the power spectrum, and 22 years according to an auto-correlation analysis, which shows very obvious decadal variability. Like many other coupled climate models, the decadal variability of AMOC in FGOALS-g2 is closely related to the convection that occurs in the Labrador Sea region. deep convection in the Labrador Sea in FGOALS-g2 leads the AMOC maximum by 3-4 years. The contributions of thermal and haline effects to the variability of the convection in three different regions [the Labrador, Irminger and Greenland-Iceland- Norwegian （GIN） Seas] were analyzed for FGOALS-g2. The variability of convection in the Labrador and Irminger Seas is thermally dominant, while that in the colder GIN Seas can be mainly attributed to salinity changes due to the lower thermal expansion. By comparing the simulation results from FGOALS-g2 and 11 other models, it was found that AMOC variability can be attributed to salinity changes for longer periods （longer than 35 years） and to temperature changes for shorter periods.

关键词： AMOC decadal variability deep convection FGOALS-g2

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Establishment of the South Asian High over the Indo-China Peninsula During Late Spring to Summer

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第2期34卷 169-180页

作者： Lijuan WANG Aiguo DAI Shuaihong GUO Jing GE Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Science and Technology Innovation Team on Climate Simulation and Forecast Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences University at AlbanySUNY National Center for Atmospheric Research Meteorological Observatory of No.95147 Unit of PLA

The establishment of the upper-level South Asian high(SAH) over the Indo-China Peninsula(ICP) during late boreal spring and its possible causes are investigated using long-term NCEP–NCAR and ERA-40 reanalysis and satellite-observed OLR data. Results show that, from early March to mid-April, deep convection stays south of ～6?N over the northern Sumatran islands. As the maximum solar radiation moves over the latitudes of the ICP(10?–20?N) in late April, the air over the ICP becomes unstable. It ascends over the ICP and descends over the adjacent waters to the east and west. This triggers deep convection over the ICP that induces large latent heating and strong updrafts and upper-level divergence, leading to the formation of an upper-level anticyclonic circulation and the SAH over the ICP. During early to mid-May, deep convection over the ICP intensifies and extends northwards to the adjacent waters. Strong latent heating from deep convection enhances and maintains the strong updrafts and upper-level divergence, and the SAH is fully established by mid-May. Thus, the seasonal maximum solar heating and the land–sea contrast around the ICP provide the basic conditions for deep convection to occur preferentially over the ICP, which leads to the formation of the SAH over the ICP from late April to mid-May. Simulations using Reg CM4 also indicate that the diabatic heating over the ICP is conducive to the generation and development of upperlevel anticyclonic circulation, which leads to an earlier establishment of the SAH.

关键词： South Asian high Indo-China Peninsula diabatic heating deep convection

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Convective Rainfall in Lake Victoria Watershed and Adjacent Equatorial Africa

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2021年第3期11卷 373-397页

作者： Felipe Vemado Augusto José Pereira Filho Departmento de Ciências Atmosféricas Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de S&#227 o Paulo S&#227 o Paulo Brazil

An integrated satellite precipitation estimation dataset, namely, the Climate Prediction Center morphing method (CMORPH), was used to analyze precipitation regimes across Equatorial Africa between 3°S - 1°N and 24°E - 42°E from 2000 to 2014. This region includes the Rift Valley, part of the Congo Forest, and the Lake Victoria (LV) basin, the second largest lake in the area of the world. Hovmöller diagrams were obtained for all organized convective systems to estimate their spans, duration, and phase speeds. The analysis included 33,189 episodes of westward propagati

关键词： Lake Victory Precipitation deep convection Diurnal Cycle CMORPH

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