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Epidemiology and current management of cardiovascular disease in China

Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第4期21卷 387-406页

作者： Sheng-Shou HU the Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Dis-eases in China Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China(2022) intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in China. This is the fourth section of the report with a specific focus on epidemiology and current management of cardiovascular disease(CVD) in China. This section of the report highlights the epidemiological trends of CVD in China. It reveal a concerning rise in prevalence, with approximately 330 million affected individuals, including significant numbers with stroke, coronary artery disease(CAD), heart failure, and other conditions. CVD stands as the primary cause of mortality among both urban and rural populations, accounting for nearly half of all deaths in 2020. Mortality rates are notably higher in rural areas compared to urban centers since 2009. While age-standardized mortality rates have decreased, the absolute number of CVD deaths has increased, primarily due to population aging. Ischemic heart disease, hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes are the leading causes of CVD-related deaths. Notably, the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has risen substantially, with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease-related deaths increasing from 1990 to 2016. The incidence of ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease has shown similar increasing trends over the past three decades. CAD mortality, particularly acute myocardial infarction, has been on the rise, with higher mortality rates observed in rural areas since 2016. The prevalence of CAD has increased significantly, with over 11 million patients identified in 2013. Studies assessing hospital performance in managing acute coronary syndrome reveal gaps in adherence to guideline-recommended strategies, with disparities in care quality across hospitals. However, initiatives like the China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events(PEACE)-Retrospective AMI Study and the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome(CCC-ACS) project aim to improve patient outcomes through enhanced care protocols. More

关键词： epidemiology landscape deaths

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Physical activity and its relationship with COVID-19 cases and deaths:Analysis of U.S.counties

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第5期10卷 570-576页

作者： George B.Cunningham Center for Sport Management Research and Education Department of Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Purpose:The study was to examine county-level associations of physical activity with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases and deaths,per 100,000 county residents.Methods:Data were collected from publicly available data sources for 3142 counties and equivalents,including the District of Columbia.Subjective health ratings,percentage uninsured,percentage unemployed,median household income,percentage female residents,percentage White residents,percentage of residents 65 years of age or older,and rural designation served as controls.Results:The two-level random intercept regression showed that physical activity rates at the county level were statistically and negatively associated with COVID-19 cases and deaths.Additional analyses showed that physical activity rates moderated the relationship between cases and deaths,such that the relationship was strongest when physical activity rates were low.Conclusion:The results presented here offer empirical evidence of the benefits of county-level physical activity during a pandemic.Implications for public health and physical activity provision are discussed.

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019 deaths PA

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Epidemiological Facies of Human Rabies deaths in Côte d’Ivoire from 2016 to 2022

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第4期13卷 372-384页

作者： Tiembré Issaka Tetchi Sopi Malthide Coulibaly Adama Christiane Djoman Dagnan N’cho Simplice Dosso Mireille Félix Houphouë t Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire National Institute of Public Hygiene Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire National Institute of Public Hygiene Adzopé C&#244te d’Ivoire Pasteur Institute of Cô te d’Ivoire Laboratory Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Introduction: Rabies is a highly fatal viral disease outside the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Data from previous studies and reports from the rabies center show that cases of death from human rabies are regularly reported, despite training measures for health workers, awareness-raising and communities, and the availability of vaccines. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the determinants of human rabies deaths in Côte d’Ivoire from 2016 to 2022. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional qualitative study was carried out from January to August 2023 on all the records of patients who died of human rabies at the Treichville Rabies Center from 2016 to 2022. An analysis of the rabies center’s annual activity reports from 2016 to 2022 was also carried out in order to complete the information gathered from the files. Results: The socio-demographic characteristics showed that out of 148 deaths, children accounted for 47.97% (71) and 66.22% (98) of rabies deaths were male, with an M/F sex ratio of 1.96. In terms of clinical characteristics, in 97.30% (144) of cases, the deceased had presented with furious rabies, and analysis by the Pasteur Institute of Côte d’Ivoire laboratory confirmed 101 cases (92.66%) of human rabies. Geographical distribution showed that cases of human rabies were recorded in 56 health district, and 64% (94) of the deceased lived in rural areas. The main causes of the occurrence of rabies were essentially non-use of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and missed vaccination due to ignorance. Conclusion: In view of these results, control strategies and interventions need to be adapted to the epidemiological characteristics of the disease, using a community-based approach with a view to eliminating dog-transmitted rabies by 2030.

关键词： Epidemiological Facies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Rabies deaths Côte d’Ivoire

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A Time-Series Analysis on the Association Between Fine Particulate Matter and Daily Mortality—Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province,China,2015–2020

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China CDC weekly 2022年第11期4卷 226-231,I0001-I0003页

作者： Mingyang Guan Chengyao Sun Dajing Tang Hui Kang Fengge Chen Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention ShijiazhuangHebeiChina Research Base for Environment and Health in Shijiazhuang Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShijiazhuangHebeiChina North China University of Science and Technology TangshanHebeiChina

Introduction:Shijiazhuang is one of the most polluted cities in China,but few studies have investigated the acute impact of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))on mortality in this city.We assessed associations between PM_(2.5)and cause-specific mortality during 2015 to 2020.Methods:We obtained air quality data from Shijiazhuang Ecology and Environment Bureau,meteorological data from Shijiazhuang Meteorological Bureau,and mortality data from Shijiazhuang CDC’s Cause of Death Reporting System for our analyses.We used a quasi-Poisson regression generalized additive model to assess excess risk of death for a single time-lag and for moving average time-lags of 0–7 days,stratifying by year,sex,age,and education.Results:There were 76,859 non-accidental deaths recorded in Shijiazhuang during the study period.The daily concentration of PM_(2.5)ranged from 6.3μg/m^(3)to 625.3μg/m^(3),and the annual mean concentration was 77.6μg/m^(3).Regression analysis showed that an increment of PM_(2.5)of 10μg/m^(3)in a two-day average concentration(lag01)was associated with 0.47%[95%Confidence Interval(CI):0.24%,0.70%],0.49%(95%CI:0.19%,0.79%),and 0.72%(95%CI:0.22%,1.23%)increases in non-accidental deaths,cardiovascular disease deaths,and respiratory disease deaths,respectively.With reduction of PM_(2.5)concentration,impact of PM_(2.5)on respiratory disease deaths decreased,but the impact of PM_(2.5)on total nonaccidental deaths and circulatory disease deaths did not change significantly.Conclusion:Although PM_(2.5)has been greatly reduced in recent years,PM_(2.5)pollution is still serious in Shijiazhuang.PM_(2.5)was significantly associated with non-accidental death,cardiovascular disease death,and respiratory disease death.As PM_(2.5)concentrations decreased,risk of death from respiratory diseases also decreased.

关键词： increment deaths Confidence

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COVID-19 Mortality and Vaccine Coverage——Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China,January 6,2022-March 21,2022

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China CDC weekly 2022年第14期4卷 288-292页

作者： Dallas J.Smith Avi J.Hakim Gabriel M.Leung Wenbo Xu WWilliam Schluter Ryan T.Novak Barbara Marston Bradley S.Hersh CDC COVID-19 Response International Task Force Atlanta Epidemic Intelligence Service CDC Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina CDC China BeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?COVID-19 vaccines are important tools to protect populations from severe disease and death.What is added by this report?Among persons aged≥60 years in Hong Kong,49%,had received≥2 doses of a COVID-19 vaccine,and vaccination coverage declined with age.During January-March 2022,reported COVID-19-associated deaths rose rapidly in Hong Kong.Among these deaths,96%occurred in persons aged≥60 years;within this age group,the risk for death was 20 times lower among those who were fully vaccinated compared with those who were unvaccinated.

关键词： doses COV deaths

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An Analysis of Life-Year Lost Due to COVID-19--34 Countries, December 2019-March 2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第23期4卷 494-498,I0004-I0008页

作者： Shan Jiang Dan Cai Daqin Chen Yawen Jiang School of Population and Public Health University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada School of Public Health(Shenzhen) Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen CityGuangdong ProvinceChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has caused severe health consequences.Though most COVID-19 deaths occurred among very old people,their life-year loss might... 详细信息

关键词： consequences COV deaths

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Collective and Individual Assessment of the Risk of Death from COVID-19 for the Elderly,2020–2022

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China CDC weekly 2023年第18期5卷 407-412,I0001,I0002页

作者： Chaobao Zhang Hongzhi Wang Zilu Wen Zhijun Bao Xiangqi Li Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine Department of Geriatric MedicineHuadong HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medical ImagingEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Scientific Research Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Gongli HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina

Introduction:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has had profound disruptions worldwide.For a population or individual,it is critical to assess the risk of death for making preventative decisions.Methods:In this study,clinical data from approximately 100 million cases were statistically analyzed.A software and an online assessment tool were developed in Python to evaluate the risk of mortality.Results:Our analysis revealed that 76.51%of COVID-19-related fatalities occurred among individuals aged over 65 years,with frailty-associated deaths accounting for more than 80%of these cases.Furthermore,over 80%of the reported deaths involved unvaccinated individuals.A notable overlap was observed between aging and frailty-associated deaths,both of which were connected to underlying health conditions.For those with at least two comorbidities,the proportion of frailty and the proportion of COVID-19-related death were both close to 75 percent.Subsequently,we established a formula to calculate the number of deaths,which was validated using data from twenty countries and regions.Using this formula,we developed and verified an intelligent software designed to predict the death risk for a given population.To facilitate rapid risk screening on an individual level,we also introduced a six-question online assessment tool.Conclusions:This study examined the impact of underlying diseases,frailty,age,and vaccination history on COVID-19-related mortality,resulting in a sophisticated software and a user-friendly online scale to assess mortality risk.These tools offer valuable assistance in informed decision-making.

关键词： Python deaths software

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Effect of caffeine in the intraventricular hemorrhage of the preterm newborn

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1942-1943页

作者： Pilar Alves-Martinez Monica Garcia-Alloza Division of Physiology School of MedicineUniversidad de CadizCadizSpain Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz(INiBICA)Research Unit Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of CadizCadizSpain

There are around 15 million preterm newborns(PT) eve ry year(Atienza-Navarro et al., 2020).With these figures in mind,prematurity represents a major health problem worldwide and it is a leading cause of infant mortality,accounting for up to 35%of all deaths among newborns(Atienza-Navarro et al.,2020) and up to 18% of the deaths among children under 5 years of age.

关键词： newborn infant deaths

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Forecasting COVID-19 situation in Bangladesh

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第1期4卷 6-10页

作者： Mossamet Kamrun Nesa Md.Rashed Babu Mohammad Tareq Mamun Khan Department of Statistics Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet 3114Bangladesh Moulvibazar Government Women College Moulvibazar 3203Bangladesh

Forecasting the COVID‐19 confirmed cases,deaths,and recoveries demands time to know the severity of the novel coronavirus.This research aims to predict all types of COVID‐19 cases(verified people,deaths,and recoveries)from the deadliest 3rd wave data of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Bangladesh.We used the official website of the Directorate General of Health Services as our data source.To identify and predict the upcoming trends of the COVID‐19 situation of Bangladesh,we fit the Auto‐Regressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA)model on the data from Mar.01,2021 to Jul.31,2021.The finding of the ARIMA model(forecast model)reveals that infected,deaths,and recoveries number will have experienced exponential growth in Bangladesh to October 2021.Our model reports that confirmed cases and deaths will escalate by four times,and the recoveries will improve by five times at a later point in October 2021 if the trend of the three scenarios of COVID‐19 from March to July lasts.The prediction of the COVID‐19 scenario for the next three months is very frightening in Bangladesh,so the strategic planner and field‐level personnel need to search for suitable policies and strategies and adopt these for controlling the mass transmission of the virus.

关键词： COVID‐19 ARIMA model Forecast Confirmed cases deaths Recoveries

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Dehydrozaluzanin C,a novel type of anti-bacterial agent which targets transporting proteins,Opp and OpuC

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 830-832页

作者： Xiangyang Qin Jinmei Xu Dandan Yin Fan Feng Xianfei Zeng Bing Niu Xingbin Hu Department of Chemistry School of PharmacyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710032PR China Department of Transfusion Medicine Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710032PR China Department of Hematology Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710038PR China Division of Digestive Surgery Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXianShaanxi 710032PR China School of Medicine Northwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710069PR China Xi'an Area Medical Laboratory Center Xi'anShaanxi 710000PR China School of Life Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444PR China

To the Editor:The evolution and widespread distribution of antibiotic-resistant elements in bacterial pathogens is eroding our ability to control infections with existing antibiotics.Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)have acquired alarming broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance resulting in hospital-and community-associated infections,which has been responsible for significant morbidities and deaths worldwide.1 It is estimated that the number of deaths caused by antibiotic resistance may exceed 10 million per year by 2050.

关键词： agent resistance deaths

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