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Does the spatial arrangement of urban landscape matter?Examples of urban warming and cooling in Phoenix and Las Vegas

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第4期1卷 13-28页

作者： Soe Win Myint Baojuan Zheng Emily Talen Chao Fan Shai Kaplan Ariane Middel Martin Smith Huei-Ping Huang Anthony Brazel School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State University975 South Myrtle AvenueTempeArizona 85287 USA Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence South Dakota State University1021 Medary AvenueWecota Hall 115Box 506BBrookingsSouth Dakota 57007 USA Department of Geography and Environmental Development Ben-Gurion University of the NegevP.O.Box 653Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityWrigley Hall800 Cady Mall 108TempeArizona 85281 USA School for Engineering of Matter Transportand EnergyArizona State University501 East Tyler MallP.O.Box 876106TempeArizona 85287 USA

This study examines the impact of spatial landscape configuration(e.g.,clustered,dispersed)on land-surface temperatures(LST)over Phoenix,Arizona,and Las Vegas,Nevada,*** classified detailed land-cover types via object-based image analysis(OBIA)using Geoeye-1 at 3-m resolution(Las Vegas)and QuickBird at 2.4-m resolution(Phoenix).Spatial autocorrelation(local Moran’s I)was then used to test for spatial dependence and to determine how clustered or dispersed points were ***,we used Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)data acquired over Phoenix(daytime on 10 June and nighttime on 17 October 2011)and Las Vegas(daytime on 6 July and nighttime on 27 August 2005)to examine day-and nighttime LST with regard to the spatial arrangement of anthropogenic and vegetation *** Moran’s I values of each land-cover type were spatially correlated to surface *** spatial configuration of grass and trees shows strong negative correlations with LST,implying that clustered vegetation lowers surface temperatures more *** contrast,clustered spatial arrangements of anthropogenic land-cover types,especially impervious surfaces and open soil,elevate *** findings suggest that city planners and managers should,where possible,incorporate clustered grass and trees to disperse unmanaged soil and paved surfaces,and fill open unmanaged soil with *** findings are in line with national efforts to augment and strengthen green infrastructure,complete streets,parking management,and transit-oriented development practices,and reduce sprawling,unwalkable housing development.

关键词： ASTER daytime temperatures,nighttime temperatures Las Vegas,Nevada,USA local Moran’s I Phoenix,Arizona,USA spatial autocorrelation spatial configuration urban landscape

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