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(darkAI)Mapping the large-scale density field of dark matter using artificial intelligence

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 143-159页

作者： Zitong Wang Feng Shi Xiaohu Yang Qingyang Li Yanming Liu Xiaoping Li School of Aerospace Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 710126China Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomyand Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and Key Laboratory for Particle Physics Astrophysics and CosmologyMinistry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Astronomy University of EdinburghRoyal ObservatoryEdinburgh EH93HJUnited Kingdom

Herein,we present a deep-learning technique for reconstructing the dark-matter density field from the redshift-space distribution of dark-matter halos.We built a UNet-architecture neural network and trained it using the COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration fast simulation,which is an approximation of the N-body simulation with 5123 particles in a box size of 500 h^(-1)Mpc.Further,we tested the resulting UNet model not only with training-like test samples but also with standard N-body simulations,such as the Jiutian simulation with 61443particles in a box size of 1000 h^(-1)Mpc and the ELUCID simulation,which has a different cosmology.The real-space dark-matter density fields in the three simulations can be reconstructed reliably with only a small reduction of the cross-correlation power spectrum at 1%and 10%levels at k=0.1 and 0.3 h Mpc-1,respectively.The reconstruction clearly helps to correct for redshift-space distortions and is unaffected by the different cosmologies between the training(Planck2018)and test samples(WMAP5).Furthermore,we tested the application of the UNet-reconstructed density field to obtain the velocity&tidal field and found that this approach provides better results compared with the traditional approach based on the linear bias model,showing a 12.2%improvement in the correlation slope and a 21.1%reduction in the scatter between the predicted and true velocities.Thus,our method is highly efficient and has excellent extrapolation reliability beyond the training set.This provides an ideal solution for determining the three-dimensional underlying density field from the plentiful galaxy survey data.

关键词： dark matter large-scale structure cosmology

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Exploring dark matter-gauge boson effective interactions at current and future colliders

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 58-68页

作者：张宇黄祎伟张伟涛宋昴丁然 Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China School of Physics Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230601China School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China

In this study,we systematically investigate collider constraints on effective interactions between dark matter(DM)particles and electroweak gauge bosons.We consider the simplified models in which scalar or Dirac fermion DM candidates couple only to electro weak gauge bosons through high dimensional effective operators.Considering the induced DM-quarks and DM-gluons operators from the Renormalization Group Evolution(RGE)running effect,we present comprehensive constraints on the effective energy scaleΛand Wilson coefficients CB(Λ),CW(Λ)from direct detection,indirect detection,and collider searches.In particular,we present the corresponding sensitivity from the Large Hadron Electron Collider(LHeC)and Future Circular Collider in the electronproton mode(FCC-ep)for the first time,update the mono-j and mono-γsearch limits at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC),and derive the new limits at the Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC).

关键词： dark matter effective field theory LHC CEPC LHeC FCC-ep

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dark matter Particles May Never Be Directly Detected by Instruments—A dark matter Mechanism That Does Not Exceed the Standard Model Framework

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第5期15卷 596-612页

作者： Wenbing Qiu Key Laboratory of Ecophysics and Department of Physics College of Science Shihezi University Shihezi China

A dark matter mechanism within the framework of the standard model (SM) of particle physics is proposed in this article that the essence of dark matter may be the excited virtual particle field by the gravitational field of ordinary matter, which contains virtual photons, virtual positive and negative electron pairs, virtual gluons, virtual positive and negative quark pairs, virtual neutrinos etc. In this mechanism, there are two basic assumptions: 1) the stronger the gravitational field of ordinary matter, the greater the excited energy (mass) density of virtual particle field;2) The excited virtual particle field is generally very weak in self-interaction. The virtual particle field excited by gravity can exhibit the properties of dark matter and may become a dark matter candidate. Based on this new dark matter mechanism, the hydrodynamic equations and cosmic perturbation equations describing cosmic matter are improved, and this may be meaningful for solving the challenges faced by the standard cosmological model (Lambda-CDM or LCDM) and developing and perfecting LCDM model.

关键词： dark matter Virtual Particle Gravitational Field Ordinary matter

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Impact of a nearby subhalo on the constraint of dark matter annihilation from cosmic ray antiprotons

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 175-182页

作者：赵熠毕效军林苏杰殷鹏飞 College of Physics and Materials Science Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300387China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Zhuhai Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

Numerous simulations indicate that a large number of subhalos should be hosted by the Milky Way.The potential existence of a nearby subhalo could have important implications for our understanding of dark matter(DM)annihilation.In this study,we investigate the hypothetical presence of a nearby subhalo and set the upper limits on the DM annihilation cross section by analyzing the cosmic-ray antiproton spectrum.By presenting the ratios of annihilation cross section limits for scenarios with and without a nearby subhalo,we can quantitatively evaluate the potential impact of the nearby subhalo on the limits of the DM annihilation cross section.The impacts of the concentration model and the subhalo probability distribution have been considered.We explore the antiproton contribution of the potential nearby DM subhalo accounting for the DAMPE e+spectrum at~1.4 TeV and find that the current AMS-02 antiproton results do not limit this contribution.

关键词： dark matter antiproton subhalo

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Dynamic Spacetime: Key to the Mysteries of dark matter and dark Energy

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第4期15卷 416-434页

作者： Tianxi Zhang Department of Physics Alabama A&M University Huntsville AL USA

Physics is a branch of science to study matter and its motion in space and time. Development of physics usually upgrades human perspective and understanding of the space and time. Einstein successfully developed special and general theories of relativity and creatively promoted our perspective of spacetime from Newton’s absolute space and time to his relative spacetime. Based on redshift and distance measurements of galaxies and distant type Ia supernovae, cosmologists have suggested that our universe is expanding at an ever-increasing rate driven by a mysterious dark energy. Recently, the author has proposed that spacetime is dynamic. Spacetime is said to be absolute if it is independent of matter and motion, relative if it is affected by matter and motion, and dynamic if it mutually interacts with matter and motion. In dynamic spacetime, not only do matter and motion distort spacetime, but they are also affected by the distorted spacetime. Spacetime to be dynamic is a consequence of a deep insight to Mach’s principle, which tells us that the inertia of an object results from the gravitational interaction by the rest of the universe. Reaction of dynamic spacetime on a traveling light causes light redshift. Reaction of dynamic spacetime on a fast moving neutrino slows down the neutrino. The derived redshift-distance relation perfectly explained the measurements of distant type Ia supernovae and gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and also naturally obtained Hubble’s law as an approximate relation at small redshift. This explanation of cosmological redshift as the opposition of dynamic spacetime does not mandate the universe to be expanding and accelerating, so that it does not need the universe to be initiated from a Big Bang and driven out mainly by a mysterious dark energy. Extremely slowed down neutrinos in dynamic spacetime, when they are gravitationally trapped around clusters, galaxies, and any celestial objects, would play the role of dark matter in explaining the velocity-radius relations of galaxy’s or cluster’s rot

关键词： Spacetime Cosmology Redshift Neutrino Gravitation dark matter dark Energy

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The Origin, Properties and Detection of dark matter and dark Energy

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 749-774页

作者： Sylwester Kornowski (Retired) Physics Poznań University (UAM) Szczecin Poland

The pictures from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) suggest that massive galaxies were already at the beginning of the expansion of the Universe because there was too short time to create them. It is consistent with the new cosmology presented within the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST). The phase transitions of the initial inflation field described in SST lead to the Protoworld—its core was built of dark matter (DM). We show that the DAMA/LIBRA annual-modulation amplitude forced by the change of the Earth’s velocity (i.e. baryonic-matter (BM) velocity) in relation to the spinning DM field in our Galaxy’s halo should be very low. We calculated that in the DM-BM weak interactions are created single and entangled spacetime condensates with a lowest mass/energy of 0.807 keV—as the Higgs boson they can decay to two photons, so we can indirectly detect DM. Our results are consistent with the averaged DAMA/LIBRA/COSINE-100 curve describing the dependence of the event rate on the photon energy in single-hit events. We calculated the mean dark-matter-halo (DMH) mass around quasars, we also described the origin of the plateaux in the rotation curves for the massive spiral galaxies, the role of DM-loops in magnetars, the origin of CMB, the AGN-jet and galactic-halo production, and properties of dark energy (DE).

关键词： New Cosmology dark matter DM-BM Weak Interactions DMH Mass around Quasars Rotation Curves of Galaxies Magnetars CMB AGN-Jet Production Galactic-Halo Production dark Energy

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New Approach to Synchronize General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics with Constant “K”-Resulting dark matter as a New Fundamental Force Particle

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第1期10卷 292-302页

作者： Siva Prasad Kodukula Visakhapatnam India

Planck scale plays a vital role in describing fundamental forces. Space time describes strength of fundamental force. In this paper, Einstein’s general relativity equation has been described in terms of contraction and expansion forces of space time. According to this, the space time with Planck diameter is a flat space time. This is the only diameter of space time that can be used as signal transformation in special relativity. This space time diameter defines the fundamental force which belongs to that space time. In quantum mechanics, this space time diameter is only the quantum of space which belongs to that particular fundamental force. Einstein’s general relativity equation and Planck parameters of quantum mechanics have been written in terms of equations containing a constant “K”, thus found a new equation for transformation of general relativity space time in to quantum space time. In this process of synchronization, there is a possibility of a new fundamental force between electromagnetic and gravitational forces with Planck length as its space time diameter. It is proposed that dark matter is that fundamental force carrying particle. By grand unification equation with space-time diameter, we found a coupling constant as per standard model “αs” for that fundamental force is 1.08 × 10-23. Its energy calculated as 113 MeV. A group of experimental scientists reported the energy of dark matter particle as 17 MeV. Thorough review may advance science further.

关键词： General Relativity Quantum Mechanics Space Time dark matter A New Fundamental Constant “K”

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U(1)Lμ-Lτ breaking phase transition, muon g–2, dark matter, collider, and gravitational wave

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 26-35页

作者：王杰马景鸿高静韩小芳王磊 Department of Physics Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China

Combining the dark matter and muon g-2 anomaly,we study the U(1)Lμ-Lτbreaking phase transition,gravitational wave spectra,and direct detection at the LHC in an extra U(1)Lμ-Lτgauge symmetry extension of the standard model.The new fields include vector-like leptons(E1,E2,N),the U(1)Lμ-Lτbreaking scalar S,and the gauge boson Z’,as well as the dark matter candidate XI and its heavy partner XR.A joint explanation of the dark matter relic density and muon g-2 anomaly excludes the region where both min(mE1,mE2,mN,mXR)and min(mZ’,mS)are much larger than mXI.In the parameter space accommodating the DM relic density and muon g-2 anomaly,the model can achieve a first-order U(1)Lμ-Lτbreaking phase transition,whose strength is sensitive to the parameters of the Higgs potential.The corresponding gravitational wave spectra can reach the sensitivity of UDECIGO.In addition,the direct searches at the LHC impose stringent bounds on the mass spectra of the vector-like leptons and dark matter.

关键词： phase transition dark matter collider D0I:10.1088/1674-1137/ad0f89

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Search for production of dark fermion candidates in association with heavy neutral gauge boson decaying to dimuon in proton-proton collisions at√s=8 TeV using CMS open data

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 6-13页

作者： Y.Mahmoud H.Abdallah M.T.Hussein S.Elgammal Centre for theoretical physics The British University in EgyptEgypt Physics Department Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityEgypt

In this study,we conducted a search for dark matter using a part of the data recorded by the CMS experiment during run-I of the LHC in 2012 with a center of mass energy of 8 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 11.6 fb−1.These data were gathered from the CMS open data.dark matter,in the framework of the simplified model(mono-Z′),can be produced from proton-proton collisions in association with a new hypothetical gauge boson,Z′.Thus,the search was conducted in the dimuon plus large missing transverse momentum channel.One benchmark scenario of mono-Z′,which is known as light vector,was used for interpreting the CMS open data.No evidence of dark matter was observed,and exclusion limits were set on the masses of dark matter and Z′at 95%confidence level.

关键词： dark matter large hadron collider CMS open data search for new physics dark fermion

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Microbial dark matter: from Discovery to Applications

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第5期20卷 867-881页

作者： Yuguo Zha Hui Chong Pengshuo Yang Kang Ning MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imagingCenter of Artificial Intelligence BiologyDepartment of Bioinformatics and Systems BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

With the rapid increase of the microbiome samples and sequencing data,more and more knowledge about microbial communities has been gained.However,there is still much more to learn about microbial communities,including billions of novel species and genes,as well as countless spatiotemporal dynamic patterns within the microbial communities,which together form the microbial dark matter.In this work,we summarized the dark matter in microbiome research and reviewed current data mining methods,especially artificial intelligence(AI)methods,for different types of knowledge discovery from microbial dark matter.We also provided case studies on using AI methods for microbiome data mining and knowledge discovery.In summary,we view microbial dark matter not as a problem to be solved but as an opportunity for AI methods to explore,with the goal of advancing our understanding of microbial communities,as well as developing better solutions to global concerns about human health and the environment.

关键词： Microbiome dark matter Artificial intelligence Knowledge discovery Application

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