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Using Event-Based Method to Estimate cybersecurity equilibrium

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第2期8卷 455-467页

作者： Zhaofeng Liu Ren Zheng Wenlian Lu Shouhuai Xu the School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory SAIC Motor Corporation LimitedShanghai 200041 SAIC Intelligent Technology(Shanghai)Corporation Limited Shanghai 200433China the School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan Universityand Shanghai Center for Mathematical SciencesFudan Universityand also with Shanghai Key Laboratory for Contemporary Applied MathematicsShanghai 200433China the Department of Computer Science University of Texas at San AntonioSan Antonio TX 78249 USA

Estimating the global state of a networked system is an important problem in many application domains.The classical approach to tackling this problem is the periodic(observation)method,which is inefficient because it often observes states at a very high frequency.This inefficiency has motivated the idea of event-based method,which leverages the evolution dynamics in question and makes observations only when some rules are triggered(i.e.,only when certain conditions hold).This paper initiates the investigation of using the event-based method to estimate the equilibrium in the new application domain of cybersecurity,where equilibrium is an important metric that has no closed-form solutions.More specifically,the paper presents an event-based method for estimating cybersecurity equilibrium in the preventive and reactive cyber defense dynamics,which has been proven globally convergent.The presented study proves that the estimated equilibrium from our trigger rule i)indeed converges to the equilibrium of the dynamics and ii)is Zeno-free,which assures the usefulness of the event-based method.Numerical examples show that the event-based method can reduce 98%of the observation cost incurred by the periodic method.In order to use the event-based method in practice,this paper investigates how to bridge the gap between i)the continuous state in the dynamics model,which is dubbed probability-state because it measures the probability that a node is in the secure or compromised state,and ii)the discrete state that is often encountered in practice,dubbed sample-state because it is sampled from some nodes.This bridge may be of independent value because probability-state models have been widely used to approximate exponentially-many discrete state systems.

关键词： cybersecurity dynamics cybersecurity equilibrium event-based method global state estimation preventive and reactive cyber defense dynamics

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