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Routing in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN)<br>—Improved Routing with MaxProp and the Model of “Transfer by Delegation” (custody Transfer)

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2011年第1期4卷 53-58页

作者： El Mastapha Sammou Abdelmounaim Abdali 不详

In this paper, we address the problem of routing in delay tolerant networks (DTN). In such networks there is no guarantee of finding a complete communication path connecting the source and destination at any time, especially when the destination is not in the same region as the source, which makes traditional routing protocols inefficient in that transmission of the messages between nodes. We propose to combine the routing protocol MaxProp and the model of “transfer by delegation” (custody transfer) to improve the routing in DTN networks and to exploit nodes as common carriers of messages between the network partitioned. To implement this approach and assess those improvements and changes we developed a DTN simulator. Simulation examples are illustrated in the article.

关键词： Routing Delay Tolerant Networks DTN MaxProp custody Transfer Simulator

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美国离婚后的子女监护制度及其启示

Spray and Dynamic: Advanced Routing in Delay Tolerant Networks

民商法学 2008年第7期 131-137页

作者：王丽萍

美国关于离婚后子女监护的种类主要有单独监护、分配监护、共同监护和分离监护。就单独监护和共同监护而言，又存在单独身体上的监护、共同身体上的监护、单独法律上的监护和共同法律上的监护的不同。无论适用哪种父母离婚后的监护方式... 详细信息

美国关于离婚后子女监护的种类主要有单独监护、分配监护、共同监护和分离监护。就单独监护和共同监护而言，又存在单独身体上的监护、共同身体上的监护、单独法律上的监护和共同法律上的监护的不同。无论适用哪种父母离婚后的监护方式，均应符合子女最佳利益原则。共同监护并非当然符合子女最佳利益。我们应当借鉴美国的子女最佳利益原则以及多种监护方式并存的模式。

关键词：监护共同监护儿童最佳利益 custody joint custody the best interest of child

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2012年第2期5卷 98-104页

作者： El Mastapha Sammou University Cadi Ayyad Marrakech Morocco

This paper addresses the problem of routing in delay tolerant networks (DTNs). Delay tolerant networks are wireless networks where disconnections occur frequently due to mobility of nodes, failures of energy, the low density of nodes, or when the network extends over long distances. In these cases, traditional routing protocols that have been developed for mobile ad hoc networks prove to be ineffective to the extent of transmitting messages between nodes. To resolve this problem and improve the performance of routing in delay tolerant networks we propose a new routing protocol called Spray and Dynamic;this approach represents an improvement of the spray and wait protocol by combining it with the two protocols: MaxProp and the model of “transfer by delegation” (custody Transfer). To implement our approach Spray and Dynamic, we have developed a DTN simulator according to DTN network architecture.

关键词： Routing Delay Tolerant Networks DTN Spray and Dynamic Spray and Wait MaxProp custody Transfer Simulator

Principles and Issues Related to PsychologicalEvaluation of Parental Competence in the Arab MoslemSociety in Israel

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Journal of Health Science 2014年第8期2卷 380-388页

作者： Emad Gith The Sakhnin Academic College for Teacher Education Sakhnin 20173 Israel Educational Psychological Services in Arraba Village Arraba 30812 Israel Department of Psychology Ethics and Law International Center for Health Law and Ethics Faculty of Law at the University ofHaifa Haifa 31096 Israel

For the Arab Moslem citizens of Israel, the Shari＇a court is the supreme judicial body competent to adjudicate and rule onmatters of divorce, custody, adoption, and custodianship. Under Shari＇a law, a boy will be in the custody of his mother until the ageof seven and the girl, until the age of nine; at the end of this period, the children are transferred to the father＇s custody. In cases wherethere is no father, they are transferred to the custody of the grandfather. In cases of dispute between the parents regarding custody,the Shari＇a court is called upon to rule, and for this purpose, it seeks a professional psychological evaluation of parenting competenceIt should be noted that this evaluation in Arab Moslem society involves professional and ethical issues since it is culturally-biased interms of Moslem culture：（l） Arab society is a collective comprised of extended families （hamula = clans）; （2） Men have apreferential status over women; （3） The functions of the father and the mother with respect to the child＇s needs （instrumental,emotional, and educational） are distinct from each other. It is further noteworthy that the psychological evaluation is made bydiagnostic information and accredited tools of evaluation. In the present situation there are no psychological tests that were adaptedfor the Arab population. The test must be reliable and reflect the reality being tested. Lack of standardization for tests makes themirrelevant. Furthermore, it must be said that in the Arab world there is no consensus about the tools constructed for this purpose in theWest. Psycho-diagnostic tools including evaluations that deal with testing the level of general intellectual functioning are found innearly every psychological service or mental health clinic, but it is obvious to everyone that at the end of the testing, one must relyalso on the tester＇s experience and professional ability in order to determine the etiology or to make a diagnosis that will reflect thesubject＇s inner

关键词： Parental competence assessment, Shari'a courts of law and child custody arrangements, divorce in Moslem society inIsrael, culture and parenting competence measures, kitab, sunnah, rnadhhab, qiyas.

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