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Morphological, cultural, Molecular and Pathogenic variation of Bipolaris sorokiniana in Wheat

American Journal of Molecular Biology 2022年第4期12卷 190-202页

作者： A. Sharmin F. M. Aminuzzaman T. H. Ansari M. Ahmed Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Agriculture Sher–e–Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka Bangladesh Plant Pathology Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) Gazipur Bangladesh

One hundred and twenty isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat were isolated, identified and characterized based on morphological, cultural, pathogenic and ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) based molecular parameters. Collected isolates differed in respect of radial mycelial growth rate, color of the colony, surface texture of the colony, shape of the colony, conidia production ability and shape and color of conidia. ITS1 and ITS4 based PCR products yielded a species-specific band of 600 bp (base pairs) on agarose gel for the confirmation of B. sorokiniana. The mycelial growth rate of the isolates ranged from 1.39 to 4.46 mm/day. The septation of conidia ranged from 1.4 to 8.6. On the basis of conidia morphology, the isolates were grouped into five different groups, whereas the isolates were grouped into 12 cultural groups based on cultural characteristics. cultural group 8 [CG (cultural Group)-8] was the most virulent [38.5% LAD (Leaf area diseased)] and [CG (cultural Group)-4] was the less virulent [2% LAD (Leaf area diseased)] group among 12 groups when inoculated at tillering stage of wheat cv. Kachan.

关键词： B. sorokiniana Wheat Morphological variation cultural variation Molecular variation Virulence

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HEALTH CONSUMER DIVERSITY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2006年第1期15卷 34-47页

作者： Lars EDGREN Group Executive Staff Skne County Council Lund Sweden

Health care consumers no longer want to be passive receivers of treatment and care, they want to be involved. This shift is driven by the new information technology and a ‘social revolution’. Easy access to health information, thanks largely to the Internet, and active health consumer organizations have provided consumers with enabling independent health information. Individual consumers are also more willing to enter into a dialogue, participate and influence decisions concerning their own care. At the same time the consumer role becomes more diverse. Populations in many countries today are culturally, socially, and demographically diverse. Understanding consumer diversity is one of the greatest challenges facing health care providers. There is a risk that the quality of health care provided to consumers can vary depending on the skills of the professionals to tune into the values and preferences of the individual consumer. Health care providers need to listen to and incorporate consumers’ experiences into their health service offerings in new and creative ways. They need to engage in a dialogue with various consumer groups using multiple channels. There is a need for a new business logic, which would structurally help the providers, on an individual basis to deal with more sophisticated health care consumers. This is a review paper and provides a framework and a set of strategies for dealing with health consumer diversity. We draw on three interrelated theories – open systems theory, service management research and the concept of consumer segmentation to understand health care consumers’ attitudes and behaviour, and their expectations.

关键词： Health consumers consumer diversity culturally diverse cultural variation socially diverse systems theory service management consumer segmentation the Internet enabling consumers

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Childhood Development Cross culturally:Implications for Designing Childhood Obesity Interventions and Providing culturally Competent Care

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齐鲁护理杂志 2013年第24期19卷 49-55页

作者： Jiying Ling Vicki Hines-Martin FAAN and Hong Ji University of Louisville school of Narsing Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated Qianfoshan Hospital to Shandong University

United States is experiencing significant growth in its foreign-born population,especially Chinese American population comprising of 1.2%of the *** healthcare providers are challenged in their efforts to provide culturally competent healthcare to this *** provide culturally competent healthcare,healthcare providers should understand variations in cultural attributes that impact *** group in which cultural variation holds great influence is that of *** influences a child's behavior,development and *** article provides a cross-cultural,comparative examination of important cultural influences on child behaviors development and health in China and the *** the findings about these two populations,interventions for childhood obesity cross culturally are addressed through the analysis of a *** Children's Obesity *** author suggests that uniquely different approaches to childhood obesity intervention research are needed based upon the cultural differences identified within this paper.

关键词： Childhood obesity culturally competent care childhood development cultural variation healthcare provider

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