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A numerical study of contact force in competitive evacuation

Chinese Physics B 2017年第10期26卷 295-301页

作者：林鹏马剑司有亮吴凡雨王国元王建宇 Department of Fire Safety Engineering Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China School of Transportation and Logistics Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China

crowd force by the pushing or crushing of people has resulted in a number of accidents in recent decades. The aftermath investigations have shown that the physical interaction of a highly competitive crowd could produce dangerous pressure up to 4500 N/m, which leads to compressive asphyxia or even death. In this paper, a numerical model based on discrete element method （DEM） as referenced from granular flow was proposed to model the evacuation process of a group of highly competitive people, in which the movement of people follows Newton＇s second law and the body deformation due to compression follows Hertz contact model. The study shows that the clogs occur periodically and flow rate fluctuates greatly if all people strive to pass through a narrow exit at high enough desired velocity. Two types of contact forces acting on people are studied. The first one, i.e., vector contact force, accounts for the movement of the people following Newton＇s second law. The second one, i.e., scale contact force, accounts for the physical deformation of the human body following the contact law. Simulation shows that the forces chain in crowd flow is turbulent and fragile. A few narrow zones with intense forces are observed in the force field, which is similar to the strain localization observed in granular flow. The force acting on a person could be as high as 4500 N due to force localization, which may be the root cause of compressive asphyxia of people in many crowd incidents.

关键词： crowd flow discrete element method (DEM) contact force force localization

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A Pedestrian flow Survey Using Proportional Distribution Origin-Destination Method

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2020年第10期14卷 537-546页

作者： Takaaki Furukawa Hideaki Takayanagi Graduate School of Environmental and Information Studies Tokyo City UniversityTokyo 158-8586Japan Department of Urban Life Studies Tokyo City UniversityTokyo 158-8586Japan

Urban development has progressed with economic growth in various parts of ***,there are concerns for the future with respect to severe population decline,aging population,and population concentration in metropolitan ***,it is required for effective urban development in localities for *** of the practical measures is to focus on pedestrians’activity in the *** brings revitalizing the local economy,enhancing the region's attractiveness,and bringing about fiscal ***,it is required to understand walking characteristics based on the actual pedestrian activity in the walking ***,a method for grasping pedestrian activity,including pedestrians'exploratory behavior such as free-purpose behavior,rambling activity in a narrow area has not been *** study proposes a survey proportional distribution origin-destination survey method focused on the proportion of pedestrians’route selection and the distribution of pedestrians at the time in the area,and evaluation method for urban space using PdOD method.

关键词： Pedestrian rambling activity commercial area path use crowd flow field survey

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