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Calibration and validation of a simulation model for predicting pedestrian fatalities at unsignalized crosswalks by means of statistical traffic data

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第1期7卷 1-18页

作者： Claudio Feliciani Andrea Gorrini Luca Crociani Giuseppe Vizzari Katsuhiro Nishinari Stefania Bandini Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of TokyoTokyo 1538904Japan Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan

This work presents a simulation model for unsignalized crosswalks which takes into account collisions between vehicles and pedestrians,thus allowing to assess the estimated yearly pedestrian *** particular,we focus on a method to calibrate such a model combining measurable crosswalk characteristics,such as maximum speed limit or drivers’compliance,with statistical data for past accidents obtained from local *** order to perform simulations under realistic conditions,we constructed a one-week scenario where pedestrian and vehicle traffic vary using specific patterns each hour of the *** constructed traffic profile is based on openly available data and the suitability for the scenario considered(a crosswalk in Milan,Italy)is investigated showing that cultural/lifestyle elements determine the variation of weekly *** using the constructed one-week scenario were used to obtain the only non-measurable parameter which account for pedestrians’and drivers’*** addition,we also focused on the presence of elderly pedestrians which have different physiological characteristics compared to adults or children and are becoming an important part of the population in several countries around the *** simulation model presented here and the method suggested for calibration may be employed in different contexts,thus allowing to build an important tool to be used not only for transportation efficiency/optimization but also for safety analysis.

关键词： Traffic simulation Accident prevention Unsignalized crosswalk Vehicle-pedestrian interaction Weekly traffic variation

Effectiveness of modified pedestrian crossing signs in an urban area

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第1期9卷 21-32页

作者： Stephen A.Arhin Adam Gatiba Melissa Anderson Babin Manandhar Melkamsew Ribbisso Ebenezer Acheampong Transportation Research Center Howard UniversityWashington DC 20059USA

The District of Columbia currently uses the standard pedestrian warning signs and diagonal arrow plaques at a substantial number of uncontrolled crosswalks within the ***, the widespread use of these measures appears to be ineffective in curbing the incidence of pedestrian involved crashes or pedestrian-vehicle conflicts. To compensate for the perceived lack of effectiveness of the standard pedestrian warning sign the District Department of Transportation developed a new side-of-street crossing sign to improve driver compliance based on pedestrian right-of-way *** study was aimed at determining the effectiveness(defined as the proportion of drivers approaching a crosswalk who stop or yield the right of way to a pedestrian in the crosswalk) of the experimental side-of-street pedestrian crossing sign compared to the standard sign, with and without rectangular rapid flashing beacons. Effectiveness of the side-of-street pedestrian sign and standard sign were observed at a total of 32 locations in the District over a one-year period using the “control” and “experimental” comparison approach. Video data for each location was obtained from March 2018 through February 2019 during typical weekdays for the morning and afternoon peak periods. The results of the study showed that the experimental signs with RRFBs provided higher driver compliance rates(yielding to pedestrians) compared to the standard signs for both the morning and afternoon peak periods. However, the differences in compliance rates for the experimental and standard signs were not statistically significant at a 95% confidence *** evaluation of the signs is recommended using the “before” and “after” approach in addition to an assessment of crash statistics at the selected locations.

关键词： Transportation engineering Pedestrian signs crosswalk Compliance Driver yielding behavior District of Columbia

Intersection-pavement de-icing: comprehensive review and the state of the practice

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第1期11卷 1-12页

作者： ZhaoHui Joey Yang University of Alaska Anchorage

Winter maintenance operations are crucial for pedestrian and motorist safety and public mobility on urban streets and highways in cold regions, especially during winter storms. This study provides a comprehensive literature review of existing deicing technologies, with emphasis on electrical resistance-heating deicing technologies for possible applications in areas with concentrated traffic, such as street intersections and crosswalks. A thorough review of existing and emerging deicing technology for snow/ice melting was conducted. The performance of various deicing methods was evaluated and the installation and operation cost of the electrical resistance-heating methods compared. Finally, current state of the practice of intersection/crosswalk winter maintenance was surveyed among state departments of transportation in North America. The intersection/crosswalk winter maintenance procedure adopted by the State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities was described, and the annual winter maintenance and operation cost per intersection was estimated. It was found that the annual energy cost of an electrical resistance-heating method such as the carbon-fiber-tape deicing technology is about the same as the average annual maintenance and operation cost of current practice. In addition, an automatic electrical resistance-heating deicing system will bring benefits such as minimized delay time and improved safety for pedestrian and vehicular traffic in an urban application.

关键词： deicing technology intersection crosswalk electric resistance heating state of the practice

基于Native Client的ARX应用程序运行时的研究与实现

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基于Native Client的ARX应用程序运行时的研究与实现

作者：蹇江电子科技大学

学位级别：硕士

作为移动端重要的操作系统平台,Android拥有丰富的应用程序资源。在其它非Android平台上为了实现一个与已有Android应用程序的相同功能,需要针对目标平台重新编写一份代码,这通常是以大量的时间和人力消耗为成本的。由英特尔开源技术中... 详细信息

作为移动端重要的操作系统平台,Android拥有丰富的应用程序资源。在其它非Android平台上为了实现一个与已有Android应用程序的相同功能,需要针对目标平台重新编写一份代码,这通常是以大量的时间和人力消耗为成本的。由英特尔开源技术中心发起的crosswalk项目是基于Web公共标准,为Web应用程序提供最新的实验性API和可扩展能力的Web应用程序运行时,它有着良好的跨平台特性。到目前为止,crosswalk已经支持Linux、Windows、Android、iOS和Tizen平台。本文的出发点就是利用crosswalk的跨平台能力实现Android应用程序在多种平台上的运行,不再对每个想要迁移到其它平台的Android应用程序进行重新开发,从而为其他非Android操作系统的平台提供丰富的Android应用程序。crosswalk是Web应用程序的运行时,所以需要将Android应用程序进行一定的转换,使之成为能够运行在crosswalk上的Web应用程序。Web应用程序有开发和维护成本低、一致的开放性和易于扩展等优点,将Android应用程序实现为Web应用程序也能利用Web应用程序的这些优点。但是相较于直接安装在宿主机器上的本地应用程序,Web应用程序在性能上还有较大劣势。Native Client(缩写为NaCl)是一项保持了Web应用程序的优点的同时还能让Web应用程序具备原生应用程序的高性能特点的技术,它还使用了沙盒机制确保在提供高计算性能的同时也具备高度安全性。crosswalk中集成了Native Client,本文实现的新型运行时ARX就基于该Native Client技术。Android应用程序从安装到运行需要很多条件,将Android运行时所需环境编译成Native Client支持的二进制功能模块和其它在运行时再进行动态加载和链接的库文件是一个可行方案。本文在对Native Client技术进行深入分析,并对crosswalk运行时和Android运行时进行研究的基础上,提出并实现了基于Native Client的整合了crosswalk运行时和Android运行环境的新运行时ARX模型,然后对该模型的架构和原理进行了分析和说明,并对模型进行了测试。借助本文所实现的ARX运行时,用户可以方便地在多种支持crosswalk的平台上安装和运行Android应用程序,从而实现Android应用程序的高效迁移。

关键词： Native Client crosswalk Android运行时 Web应用程序

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基于HTML5技术的IVI系统研究与开发

基于HTML5技术的IVI系统研究与开发

作者：杨强上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

随着汽车的普及以及智能信息化技术的快速发展,智能化的车载信息娱乐系统(In-Vehicle Infotainment简称IVI)已经成为影响购买汽车决策的重要因素和汽车制造商开发汽车成本的重要组成部分。而且汽车消费者期望IVI系统能跟上消费类电子产... 详细信息

随着汽车的普及以及智能信息化技术的快速发展,智能化的车载信息娱乐系统(In-Vehicle Infotainment简称IVI)已经成为影响购买汽车决策的重要因素和汽车制造商开发汽车成本的重要组成部分。而且汽车消费者期望IVI系统能跟上消费类电子产品飞速前进的步伐。开发一款优秀的IVI系统,拥有炫丽的HMI画面是至关重要。由于HMI画面开发工程量巨大和开发技术复杂,容易导致IVI软件的开发费用高昂,开发周期过长,开发产品滞后于市场等问题。如何开发拥有画面炫丽,性能出色的HMI画面的IVI系统成为了各大IVI系统开发商的一个重要课题。本文针对车载信息娱乐系统的特点进行需求分析,完成了基于Linux内核的操作系统TizenIVI的车载中间件软件定制和基于***6D芯片硬件平台的设计与实现,为HTML5应用程序提供了稳定的软件和硬件运行平台。同时为了解决现有人机交互界面软件开发问题,采用跨平台HTML5技术开发人机交互界面软件。结合车载软硬件平台和HMTL5应用程序的设计开发技术,提供了开发车载信息娱乐系统的完整解决方案。本文的研究工作主要有以下几个方面:1.基于飞思卡尔的***6D芯片设计车载信息娱乐系统的硬件平台。硬件IC选型和硬件电路设计充分考虑前装车载信息娱乐系统的设计标准,系统采用CPU(***6D)+MCU(78K0R)架构,搭载电源控制,CAN总线通信,音频DSP,音视频编解码等。2.分析车载信息娱乐系统的软件平台和功能需求,对基于Linux内核的操作系统TizenIVI进行定制化设计和实现。主要增加设计和实现了基于Wayland技术的多窗体控制模块,音权控制模块,汽车总线数据收发模块,软件升级模块,物理按键接收模块,倒车影像快速显示模块,地图导航模块等核心中间件软件。3.研究HTML5技术特点以及对Web引擎(crosswalk)扩展。基于Javascript MVC框架Backbone设计Web应用程序软件开发框架,运用HTML5技术开发Web应用程序。本文结合硬件系统和软件系统开发满足汽车前装标准的车载信息娱乐系统。

关键词： HTML5 Wayland IVI IMX6D TizenIVI crosswalk

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地理信息元数据的互操作研究

地理信息元数据的互操作研究