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Potential impact of genetically modified Lepidoptera-resistant Brassica napus in biodiversity hotspots： Sicily as a theoretical model

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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 562-580页

作者： Barbara Manachini Giuseppe Bazan Rosario Schicchi Department of Agricultural Food and Forest Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies University of Palermo Palermo Italy

The general increase of the cultivation and trade of Bt transgenic plants resis- tant to Lepidoptera pests raises concerns regarding the conservation of animal and plant biodiversity. Demand for biofuels has increased the cultivation and importation of oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.）, including transgenic lines. In environmental risk assessments （ERAs） for its potential future cultivation as well as for food and feed uses, the impact on wild Brassicaeae relatives and on non-target Lepidoptera should be assessed. Here we consider the potential exposure of butterflies as results of possible cultivation or natural- ization of spilled seed in Sicily （Italy）. Diurnal Lepidoptera, which are pollinators, can be exposed directly to the insecticidal proteins as larvae （mainly of Pieridae） through the host and through the pollen that can deposit on other host plants. Adults can be exposed via pollen and nectar. The flight periods of butterflies were recorded, and they were found to overlap for about 90% of the flowering period ofB. napus for the majority of the species. In addition, B. napus has a high potential to hybridise with endemic taxa belonging to the B. oleracea group. This could lead to an exposure of non-target Lepidoptera if introgression of the Bt gene into a wild population happens. A rank of the risk for butterflies and wild relatives of oilseed rape is given. We conclude that, in environmental risk assessments, attention should be paid to plant-insect interaction especially in a biodiversity hotspot such as Sicily.

关键词： butterflies cross pollination non-target effect oilseed rape protected areas transgenic crop

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Gene Flow from Transgenic Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis ***) to Related Cruciferae Species Through Outcrossing

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2003年第6期45卷 681-687页

作者：刘凡赵泓姚磊张军杰曹鸣庆北京蔬菜研究中心北京100089 北京农业生物技术中心北京100089

It was substantiated by morphological observation, chromosome and DNA identification that the bar gene, conferring the resistance to herbicide basta in transgenic Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee), could intrude into the genomes of turnip ( B. campestris ssp. rapifera), heading Chinese cabbage B. campestris ssp. pekinensis) and other non-heading Chinese cabbage ( B. campestris ssp. chinensis in a relatively high frequency while into genome of B. napus at a low frequency via natural cross-pollination in open field. Herbicide resistant hybrids of B. nigra, B. carinata, and B. juncea could be obtained at certain frequency in the greenhouse by hand pollination. At no time did the resistant hybrid plants of transgenic Chinese cabbage with B. oleracea, R. sativus and seven wild weeds, widespread in China, gained in our experiments.

关键词： transgenic Chinese cabbage cross pollination Cruciferae species introgression

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