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crop diversity Measurement at Dufuya Gardens and Insukamini Irrigation Scheme in Lower Gweru Communal Lands

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2012年第5期1卷 673-681页

作者： Matsa Mark Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Midlands State University Gweru 263 Zimbabwe

Dufuya wetland gardens and Insukamini irrigation scheme in Lower Gweru communal areas of Gweru district are two examples of how rural communities can be self-reliant if they are capacitated. This study sought to compare crop diversity between these two vegetable producing schemes. The location of the two areas and the selected plots were determined using the GPS （global positioning system） hand receiver. Maps of the quadrants were produced in a GIS （geographic information system） on a computer. Simpson＇s index D = sum （pi2） was used to measure crop diversity while the Shannon-Weiner index （/4） was used to measure crop evenness. Results show that although both schemes are viable, Dufuya Gardens have higher crop diversity than Insukamini irrigation scheme. The study recommends that AGRITEX officers at Insukamini must advise farmers to diversify their crops in order for their produce to be more competitive on the market and also to cushion farmers against the effects of natural hazards. Given the success of the two schemes, the government must seriously consider sustainable utilization of the many small-scale dams and wetlands lying idle across the country for crop production in order to empower poor rural communities as well as alleviate poverty.

关键词： crop diversity evenness Sirnpson's index Shannon-Weiner index.

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crop diversity for Ecological Disease Control in Potato and Maize

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2010年第1期1卷 45-50页

作者：何霞红朱书生王海宁谢勇孙雁高东杨静刘林李启信张绍波赵高慧胡明成姜开梅李成云朱有勇云南农业大学教育部农业生物多样性与病虫害控制重点实验室昆明650201 云南省宣威市农业技术推广中心云南省宣威市655400 云南省昭通市农科所云南省昭通市657000

本文针对中国西南山区作物病害发病高峰与降雨高峰重叠难以防治的难点,进行了生态调控马铃薯与玉米种植结构避雨避病的试验。试验结果表明,时间上提前和推后马铃薯种植避开了降雨高峰,平均降低晚疫病病情指数44.3%。空间上行距拉宽株距... 详细信息

本文针对中国西南山区作物病害发病高峰与降雨高峰重叠难以防治的难点,进行了生态调控马铃薯与玉米种植结构避雨避病的试验。试验结果表明,时间上提前和推后马铃薯种植避开了降雨高峰,平均降低晚疫病病情指数44.3%。空间上行距拉宽株距缩小,通风透光减轻病害,套种玉米的大斑病平均降低病情指数为14.8%,小斑病平均降低22.5%。本试验的另一重要结果表明,通过调整马铃薯种植结构可以大幅度提高耕地产出率,马铃薯与玉米套种,提前和推后种植马铃薯分别提高土地利用率1.738-1.766。本文研究结果对作物病害的生态防治和增加粮食产量有重要现实意义。通过时空优化作物与环境的配置,合理利用农业生态结构,适应最佳生态环境,实现优质高产高效。

关键词： crop diversity agroecology intercropping potato late blight disease maize northern leaf blight maize southern leaf blight

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Orphan crops and their Wild Relatives in the Genomic Era

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Molecular Plant 2021年第1期14卷 27-39页

作者： Chu-Yu Ye Longjiang Fan Institute of crop Sciences&Institute of Bioinformatics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University Sanya 572024China

More than half of the calories consumed by humans are provided by three major cereal crops(rice,maize,and wheat).Orphan crops are usually well adapted to low-input agricultural conditions,and they not only play vital roles in local areas but can also contribute to food and nutritional needs ***,many wild relatives of orphan crops are important weeds of major *** orphan crops and their wild relatives have received little attentions from researchers for many years,genomic studies have recently been performed on these ***,we provide an overview of genomic studies on orphan crops,with a focus on orphan cereals and their wild *** genomes of at least 12 orphan cereals and/or their wild relatives have been *** addition to genomic benefits for orphan crop breeding,we discuss the potential ways for mutual utilization of genomic data from major crops,orphan crops,and their wild relatives(including weeds)and provide perspectives on genetic improvement of both orphan and major crops(including de novo domestication of orphan crops)in the coming genomic era.

关键词： orphan crop wild relative weed genome crop diversity

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INTERcropPING:FEED MORE PEOPLE AND BUILD MORE SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第3期8卷 373-386页

作者： Hao YANG Weiping ZHANG Long LI Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming Key Laboratory of Plant and Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationCollege of Resource and Environmental ScienceNational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Intercropping is a traditional farming system that increases crop diversity to strengthen agroecosystem functions while decreasing chemical inputs and minimizing negative environmental effects of crop *** is currently considerable interest because of its importance in sustainable ***,we synthesize the factors that make intercropping a sustainable means of food production by integrating biodiversity of natural ecosystems and crop *** addition to well-known yield increases,intercropping can also increase yield stability over the long term and increase systemic resistance to plant diseases,pests and other unfavorable factors(e.g.,nutrient deficiencies).The efficient use of resources can save mineral fertilizer inputs,reduce environmental pollution risks and greenhouse gas emissions caused by agriculture,thus mitigating global climate *** potentially increases above-and belowground biodiversity of various taxa at field scale,consequently it enhances ecosystem *** and selection effects allow a better understanding the mechanisms behind enhanced ecosystem *** development of mechanization is essential for largescale application of *** multifunctionality and soil health should be priority topics in future research on intercropping.

关键词： agroecosystems crop diversity intercropping interspecific interactions sustainable agriculture

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