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Effect of Cross-flow Velocity on the critical flux of Ceramic Membrane Filtration as a Pre-treatment for Seawater Desalination

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2013年第4期21卷 341-347页

作者：崔朝亮彭文博范益群邢卫红徐南平 State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing 210009 China Jiangsu Jiuwu High-Tech Co. Ltd Nanjing 210061 China

Pre-treatment, which supplies a stable, high-quality feed for reverse osmosis （RO） membranes, is a criti- cal step for successful operation in a seawater reverse osmosis plant. In this study, ceramic membrane systems were employed as pre-treatment for seawater desalination. A laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the effect of the cross-flow velocity on the critical flux and consequently to optimize the permeate flux. Then a pilot test was performed to investigate the long-term performance. The result shows that there is no significant effect of the cross-flow velocity on the critical flux when the cross-flow velocity varies in laminar flow region only or in turbulent flow region only, but the effect is distinct when the cross-flow velocity varies in the transition region. The membrane fouling is slight at the permeate flux of 150 L·m^-2·h^-1 and the system is stable, producing a high-quality feed （the turbidity and silt density index are less than 0.1 NTU and 3.0, respectively） for RO to run for 2922.4 h without chemical cleaning. Thus the ceramic membranes are suitable to filtrate seawater as the pre-treatment for RO.

关键词： ceramic membrane seawater desalination pre-treatment critical flux

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Polymer Translocation

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第5期41卷 683-698,I0007页

作者： Lu-Wei Lu Zhen-Hua Wang An-Chang Shi Yu-Yuan Lu Li-Jia An State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Department of Physics and Astronomy McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntario L8S4M1Canada

The translocation of a polymer through a pore that is much smaller than its size is a fundamental and actively researched topic in polymer *** understanding of the principles governing polymer translocation provides important guidance for various practical applications,such as the separation and purification of polymers,nanopore-based single-molecule deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid(DNA/RNA)sequencing,transmembrane transport of DNA or RNA,and infection of bacterial cells by *** past several decades have seen great progresses on the study of polymer *** we present an overview of theoretical,experimental,and simulational stduies on polymer translocation,focusing on the roles played by several important factors,including initial polymer conformations,external fields,polymer topology and architectures,and confinement *** highlight the physical mechanisms of different types of polymer translocations,and the main controversies about the basic rules of translocation *** compare and contrast the behaviors of force-induced versus flow-induced translocations and the effects of unknotted versus knotted ***,we mention several opportunities and challenges in the study of polymer translocation.

关键词： Polymer translocation Knotted polymers Translocation time critical flux

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