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Alterations in nutrient digestibility and performance of heat-stressed dairy cows by dietary L-theanine supplementation

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 350-358页

作者： Lingyuan Yang Lingmei Zhang Peihua Zhang Yuli Zhou Xingguo Huang Qiongxian Yan Zhiliang Tan Shaoxun Tang Fachun Wan College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan 410128China CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition&Physiology and MetabolismInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan 410125China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Disease Prevention and Breeding JinanShandong 250000China

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary L-theanine supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility,milk yield,milk composition,and blood biochemical indices of dairy cows under heat stress.Thirty Chinese Holstein cows(19.84±2.42 kg milk/d,192.36±40.77 d in milk and2±0.93 parities)were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each.The control group was fed a basal total mixed ration(TMR)diet,while treatment 1(LTA16)and treatment 2(LTA32)groups were fed a basal TMR diet supplemented with L-theanine at 16 and 32 g/cow per day,respectively.The results showed that feeding the dairy cows with LTA16 treatment decreased(P0.05)on the dry matter intake,nutrient digestibility,total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)concentration and molar proportion of volatile fatty acid,milk yield,milk composition,feed efficiency and antioxidant capacity of the dairy cows.The triglyceride(TG)content of the LTA32 group was significantly greater(P=0.014)than that of the control group.With the increase in L-theanine dosage,the serum cholesterol(CHOL)content significantly increased(P=0.013).The serum albumin(ALB;P=0.067),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C;P=0.053),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C;P=0.067)contents showed an upward trend as L-theanine dosage increased.Ultimately,the results of this study show that supplementing dairy cow diet with L-theanine could decrease dairy cow rectal temperature,affect lipid metabolism,and potentially relieve the heat stress of dairy cows to some extent.

关键词： cow Heat stress L-Theanine Nutrient digestibility Production performance Rumen fermentation

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Assessment of dairy cow feed intake based on BP neural network with polynomial decay learning rate

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第2期9卷 266-275页

作者： Weizheng Shen Gen Li Xiaoli Wei Qiang Fu Yonggen Zhang Tengyu Qu Congcong Chen Runtao Wang College of Electric and Information Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China

To overcome the shortcomings of traditional dairy cow feed intake assessment model andBP neural network, this paper proposes a method of optimizing BP neural network usingpolynomial decay learning rate, taking the cow’s body weight, lying duration, lying times,walking steps, foraging duration and concentrate-roughage ratio as input variables andtaking the actual feed intake is the output variable to establish a dairy cow feed intakeassessment model, and the model is trained and verified by experimental data collectedon site. For the sake of comparative study, feed intake is simultaneously assessed by SVRmodel, KNN logistic regression model, traditional BP neural network model, and multilayerBP neural network model. The results show that the established BP model using the polynomial decay learning rate has the highest assessment accuracy, the MSPE, RMSE, MAE,MAPE and R2 are 0.043 kg2/d and 0.208 kg/d, 0.173 kg/d, 1.37% and 0.94 respectively. Compared with SVR model and KNN mode, the RMSE value reduced by 43.9% and 26.5%, it isalso found that the model designed in this paper has many advantages in comparison withthe BP model and multilayer BP model in terms of precision and generalization. Therefore,this method is ready to be applied for accurately evaluating the dairy cow feed intake, andit can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the precise-feeding and canalso be of high significance in the improvement of dairy precise-breeding.

关键词： cow Feed intake assessment BP neural network Polynomial decay learning rate

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cow, yak, and camel milk diets differentially modulated the systemic immunity and fecal microbiota of rats

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Science Bulletin 2017年第6期62卷 405-414页

作者： Yongping Wen Qiuwen He Jia Ding Huiyan Wang Qiangchuan Hou Yi Zheng Changkun Li Yuzhu Ma Heping Zhang Lai-Yu Kwok Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot 010018 China Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Croup) Co. Ltd Hohhot 011500 China

cow milk is most widely consumed; however,non-cattle milk has gained increasing interest because of added nutritive values. We compared the health effects of yak,cow,and camel milk in rats. By measuring several plasma immune factors,significantly more interferon-c was detected in the camel than the yak(P = 0.0020) or cow(P = 0.0062) milk group. Significantly more Ig M was detected in the yak milk than the control group(P = 0.0071). The control group had significantly less interleukin 6 than the yak(P = 0.0499)and cow(P = 0.0248) milk groups. The fecal microbiota of the 144 samples comprised mainly of the Firmicutes(76.70 ± 11.03%),Bacteroidetes(15.27 ± 7.79%),Proteobacteria(3.61 ± 4.34%),and Tenericutes(2.61 ± 2.53%) phyla. Multivariate analyses revealed a mild shift in the fecal microbiota along the milk treatment. We further identified the differential microbes across the four groups. At day 14,22 and 28 differential genera and species were identified(P = 0.0000–0.0462),while 8 and 11 differential genera and species(P = 0.0000–0.0013) were found at day 28. Some short-chain fatty acid and succinate producers increased,while certain health-concerned bacteria(Prevotella copri,Phascolarctobacterium faecium,and Bacteroides uniformis) decreased after 14 days of yak or camel milk treatment. We demonstrated that different animal milk could confer distinctive nutritive value to the host.

关键词： Gut microbiota Milk Yak cow Camel Prevotella copri

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Experimental study of the effect of wear parameters on the wear behavior of A356 alloy/cow horn particulate composites

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第1期14卷 77-82页

作者： B.Q.Ochieze C.C.Nwobi-Okoye P.N.Atamuo Lafarge Africa Plc Mfamosing Plant Department of Mechanical Engineering Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University

Experimental study of the effect of wear parameters on the wear behaviour of A356 alloy reinforced with cow horn particles(CHp) produced by spark plasma sintering was investigated. Experiments were conducted based on the plan of experiments generated through Taguchi's(L9) technique. Tribometer was used for the wear test and Scanning electron microscope was used to analyse the worn scar of the samples. The results shows that, A356 alloy reinforced with CHp exhibited better dry sliding wear resistance than the unreinforced alloy. Wear rate decreased as the amount of CHp reinforcement increased in the matrix. It was found that, the optimum level of the factors with minimized the wear loss were obtained at: wt%CHp(20%), applied load(10 N), sliding velocity(3 m/s) and sliding distance(2000 m). It can be seen that the wear track of the sample are(D ? 0.81 and L = 42.85 mm) and(D ? 0.54 and L= 27.03 mm) for A356 alloy and composites at optimum condition respectively. The results showed that the addition of cow horn particles as reinforcing materials in A356 alloy composites increased the wear resistance of the composites greatly.

关键词： A356alloy cow horn particles Microstructure Analysis of variance and wear behaviour

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Effects of supplementation of green tea extract on the milk performance of peripartal dairy cows and the expression of stress response genes in the liver

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1163-1174页

作者： Denise K.Gessner Corinna Brock Lena M.Hof Erika Most Christian Koch Klaus Eder Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-3235392 GiessenGermany Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry Hofgut Neumühle67728 Münchweiler an der AlsenzGermany.

Background: We hypothesised that supplementation of green tea extract(GTE) in dairy cows during the transition period can attenuate proinflammatory conditions and prevent endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress in the liver of these cows. Thirty Holstein cows with an average parity of 3.06(± 1.31, SD) were divided into a control group and a group that received a daily amount of 10 g of GTE from d 7 before the calving day and a daily amount of 20 g of GTE from the day of calving until d 7 of lactation.Results: cows supplemented with GTE did not show differences in energy intake or milk yield in weeks 2–7 of lactation. However, these cows had a lower milk fat concentration and a lower energy corrected milk yield than the control cows and showed a trend of improved energy balance. The relative m RNA concentrations of proinflammatory genes, genes involved in the acute phase reaction and antioxidant genes in the liver in weeks 1, 4 and 7 of lactation were not different between the two groups of cows. The concentrations of α-tocopherol and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity in plasma were not different between the two groups. However, the group supplemented with GTE showed significant reductions of some genes of the unfolded protein response(UPR) in week 1 and a trend of lower liver triacylglycerol(TAG) concentrations in the liver compared to the control group.Conclusions: This study shows that supplementation of GTE in dairy cows lowers the fat concentration in the milk but overall has no effect on the expression of inflammatory genes and the antioxidative status in dairy cows during early lactation. The finding of reduced m RNA levels of genes involved in the UPR at week 1, however, supports other results showing that supplementation of polyphenols could prevent the development of ER stress in the liver of cows during early lactation. The finding of a tendency towards a reduced TAG concentration in the liver of cows supplemented with GTE might be due to an improved energy balance in these cows.

关键词： Animal nutrition cow Green tea extract Liver Metabolism Milk performance

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Changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous Holstein dairy cows during early lactation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第1期6卷 37-46页

作者： Kasey M Moyes Torben Larsen Peter S?rensen Klaus L Ingvartsen Department of Animal and Avian Sciences University of Maryland142 Animal Sciences BuildingMD 20742-231120910 College ParkMDUSA Department of Animal Science Faculty of Science and TechnologyAarhus University

Background： The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during IMI challenge with Escherichia coli （E. coh. for dairy cows during early lactation. Thirty, healthy primiparous Holstein cows were infused （h = 0） with -20-40 cfu of live E. coil into one front mammary quarter at -4-6 wk in lactation. Daily feed intake and milk yield were recorded. At -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180 and 192 h relative to challenge rectal temperatures were recorded and quarter foremilk was collected for analysis of shedding of E. coil Composite milk samples were collected at -180, -132, -84, -36, -12, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge （h=0） and analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, somatic cell count, fat, protein, lactose, citrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate （BHBA）, free glucose （fglu）, and glucose-6-phosphate （G6P）. Blood was collected at -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 60, 72, 84, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge and analyzed for plasma non-esterified fatty acids （NEFA）, BHBA and glucose concentration. A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the effect of IMI challenge on metabolic responses of cows during early lactation. Results： By 12 h, E. coli was recovered from challenged quarters and shedding continued through 72 h. Rectal temperature peaked by 12 h post-challenge and returned to pre-challenge values by 36 h post-IMI challenge. Daily feed intake and milk yield decreased （P 〈0.05） by 1 and 2 d, respectively, after mastitis challenge. Plasma BHBA decreased （12 h, P 〈0.05） from 0.96± 1.1 at 0 h to 0.57±0.64 mmol/L by ]8 h whereas concentration of plasma NEFA （78 h） and glucose （24 h） were significantly greater, 11 and 27%, respectively, after challenge. In milk fglu, lactose, citrate, fat and protein yield were lower whereas yield of BHBA and G6P were higher after challenge when compared to pre-challenge values. Conclusions： Changes in metabolites in blood and milk were

关键词： cow Early lactation Escherichia coli Metabolism

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The use of non-living animals as simulation models for cranial neurosurgical procedures: a literature review

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2020年第4期6卷 230-234页

作者： Zahraa F.Al-Sharshahi Samer S.Hoz Mohammed A.Alrawi Mohammed A.Sabah Saja A.Albanaa Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar Department of Neurosurgery Neurosurgery teaching HospitalBaghdadIraq College of Medicine University of BaghdadBaghdadIraq RED LATINO Latin American Trauma&Intensive Neuro-Care OrganizationBogotáColombia

Simulation plays a pivotal role in neurosurgical training by allowing trainees to develop the requisite expertise to enhance patient safety.Several models have been used for simulation purposes.Non-living animal models offer a range of benefits,including affordability,availability,biological texture,and a comparable similarity to human anatomy.In this paper,we review the available literature on the use of non-living animals in neurosurgical simulation training.We aim to answer the following questions:(1)what animals have been used so far,(2)what neurosurgical approaches have been simulated,(3)what were the trainee tasks,and(4)what was the experience of the authors with these models.A search of the PubMed Medline database was performed to identify studies that examined the use of non-living animals in cranial neurosurgical simulation between 1990 and 2020.Our initial search yielded a total of 70 results.After careful screening,we included 22 articles for qualitative analysis.We compared the reports in terms of the(1)animal used,(2)type of surgery,and(3)trainee tasks.All articles were published between 2003 and 2019.These simulations were performed on three types of animals,namely sheep,cow,and swine.All authors designed specific,task-oriented approaches and concluded that the models used were adequate for replicating the surgical approaches.Simulation on non-living animal heads has recently gained popularity in the field of neurosurgical training.Non-living animal models are an increasingly attractive option for cranial neurosurgical simulation training.These models enable the acquisition and refinement of surgical skills,with the added benefits of accessibility and cost-effectiveness.To date,16 different microneurosurgical cranial approaches have been replicated on three non-living animal models,including sheep,cows,and swine.This review summarizes the experience reported with the use of non-living animal models as alternative laboratory tools for cranial neurosurgical training,with particular attention to the se

关键词： Neurosurgery Cranial Simulation Non-living Sheep Swine cow

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Identification of Animal Rabies in Inner Mongolia and Analysis of the Etiologic Characteristics

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第1期27卷 35-44页

作者： YIN Jing Feng WANG Jin Ling TANG Qing DING Yu Lin TAO XiaoYan LI Hao SONG Miao GUO ZhenYang SHEN Xin Xin LIANG Guo Dong WANG Feng Long College of Veterinary Medicine Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Key Laboratory for Medical Virology Ministry of HealthInstitute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (IVDCChina CDC) State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (IVDCChina CDC)

Objective To perform pathological observation and etiological identification of specimens collected from dairy cows, beef cattle and dogs which were suspected of rabies in Inner Mongolia in 2012, and analyze their etiological characteristics. Methods Pathological observation was conducted on the brain specimens of three infected animals with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, followed by confirmation using immunofluorescence and nested RT-PCR methods. Finally, phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the virus N gene sequence amplified from three specimens. Results Eosinophilic and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen in neuronal cells of the CNS, and rabies non-characteristic histopathological changes were also detected in the CNS. The three brain specimens were detected positive. N gene nucleotide sequence of these three isolates showed distinct sequence identity, therefore they fell into different groups in the phylogenetic analysis. N gene in the cow and dog had higher homology with that in Hebei isolate, but that in the beef cattle had higher homology with that in Mongolian lupine isolate and Russian red fox isolate. Conclusion Rabies were observed in the dairy cow, beef cattle and canine in the farm in Inner Mongolia, in 2012, which led to a different etiologic characteristics of the epidemic situation.

关键词： Rabies cow Histopathology Phylogeny

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Enhanced Biogas Production from the Anaerobic Batch Treatment of Banana Peels

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Engineering 2019年第5期5卷 970-978页

作者： Spyridon Achinas Janneke Krooneman Gerrit Jan Willem Euverink Faculty of Science and Engineering University of GroningenGroningen 9747 AGthe Netherlands

Waste disposal management and the energy crisis are important challenges facing most countries.The fruit-processing industry generates daily several tons of wastes,of which the major share comes from banana farms.Anaerobic digestion(AD)technology has been applied to the treatment of wastewater,animal slurry,food waste,and agricultural residues,with the primary goals of energy production and waste elimination.This study examines the effect of organic loading(OL)and cow manure(CM)addition on AD performance when treating banana peel waste(BPW).The maximum daily biogas production rates of banana peels(BPs)with a CM content of 10%,20%,and 30%at 18 and 22 g of volatile solids(gvs)per liter were 50.20,48.66,and 62.78 mL (gvs.d)^-1 and 40.49,29.57,and 46.54 mL (gvs.d)^-1,respectively.However,the daily biogas yield showed no clear interdependence with OL or CM content.In addition,a kinetic analysis using first-order and cone models showed that the kinetic parameters can be influenced by the process parameters.

关键词： Biogas Banana peels cow manure Anaerobic treatment Batch test Kinetic study

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Reticulo-cutaneous fistula due to the ingestion of a long metallic rod in a cow

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第7期4卷 586-588页

作者： Azari Omid Ali Asghar Mozaffari Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Bahonar University of Kerman

A five-year-old cow was referred to the veterinary faculty hospital for treatment of a swelling mass with a cutaneous fistula at the left lower part of the chest wall,between 7|h till 9th intercostals space.Abdominal pain in palpation of the mass was observed with no abnormality in clinical symptoms.In surgical exploration,skin incision was carried out on the swelling mass and surprisingly a sinus tract with a sharp metallic rod(26 cm length)that continued to the reticulum lumen was identified.Because of unsuccessful attempting to remove of the foreign body,flank laparotomy and rumenotomy was performed.After one month,the cow led to complete recovery.

关键词： Reticulo-cutaneous fistula Foreign body Reticulum cow

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