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Simulating Tropical Instability Waves in the Equatorial Eastern Pacific with a coupled general circulation model

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2009年第5期26卷 1015-1026页

作者：陈鲜艳 Masahide KIMOTO National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Center for Climate System Research University of Tokyo

Satellite observations of SSTs have revealed the existence of unstable waves in the equatorial eastern Pacific and Atlantic oceans. These waves have a 20-40-day periodicity with westward phase speeds of 0.4-0.6 m s^-1 and wavelengths of 1000-2000 km during boreal summer and fall. They are generally called tropical instability waves （TIWs）. This study investigates TIWs simulated by a high-resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model （AOGCM）. The horizontal resolution of the model is 120 km in the atmosphere, and 30 km longitude by 20 km latitude in the ocean. model simulations show good agreement with the observed main features associated with TIWs. The results of energetics analysis reveal that barotropic energy conversion is responsible for providing the main energy source for TIWs by extracting energy from the meridional shear of the climatological-mean equatorial currents in the mixed layer. This deeper and northward-extended wave activity appears to gain its energy through baroclinic conversion via buoyancy work, which further contributes to the asymmetric distribution of TIWs. It is estimated that the strong cooling effect induced by equatorial upwelling is partially （-30%-40%） offset by the equatorward heat flux due to TIWs in the eastern tropical Pacific during the seasons when TIWs are active. The atmospheric mixed layer just above the sea surface responds to the waves with enhanced or reduced vertical mixing. Furthermore, the changes in turbulent mixing feed back to sea surface evaporation, favoring the westward propagation of TIWs. The atmosphere to the south of the Equator also responds to TIWs in a similar way, although TIWs are much weaker south of the Equator.

关键词： tropical instability waves equatorial eastern Pacific coupled general circulation model heatflux air-sea interaction

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Ocean Response to a Climate Change Heat-Flux Perturbation in an Ocean model and Its Corresponding coupled model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第1期39卷 55-66页

作者： Jiangbo JIN Xiao DONG Juanxiong HE Yi YU Hailong LIU Minghua ZHANG Qingcun ZENG He ZHANG Xin GAO Guangqing ZHOU Yaqi WANG International Center for climate and Environment Sciences(ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkNY 11790USA

State-of-the-art coupled general circulation models(CGCMs)are used to predict ocean heat uptake(OHU)and sealevel change under global ***,the projections of different models vary,resulting in high *** of the inter-model spread is driven by responses to surface heat *** study mainly focuses on the response of the ocean to a surface heat flux perturbation F,as prescribed by the Flux-Anomaly-Forced model Intercomparison Project(FAFMIP).The results of ocean model were compared with those of a CGCM with the same ocean *** the global scale,the changes in global mean temperature,ocean heat content(OHC),and steric sea level(SSL)simulated in the OGCM are generally consistent with CGCM *** in changes in ocean temperature,OHC,and SSL between the two models primarily occur in the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans(AA)and the Southern Ocean(SO)*** addition to the differences in surface heat flux anomalies between the two models,differences in heat exchange between basins also play an important role in the inconsistencies in ocean climate changes in the AA and SO *** discrepancies are largely due to both the larger initial value and the greater weakening change of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC)in *** greater weakening of the AMOC in the CGCM is associated with the atmosphere–ocean feedback and the lack of a restoring salinity boundary ***,differences in surface salinity boundary conditions between the two models contribute to discrepancies in SSL changes.

关键词： ocean heat uptake Atlantic meridional overturning circulation ocean general circulation model coupled general circulation model

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Relationships between the East Asian-Western North Pacific Monsoon and ENSO Simulated by FGOALS-s2

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第3期30卷 713-725页

作者：吴波周天军 State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The relationships between ENSO and the East Asian-western North Pacific monsoon simulated by the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Spectral Version 2 （FGOALS-s2）, a state-of-the-art coupled general circulation model （CGCM）, are evaluated. For E1 Nino developing summers, FGOALS-s2 reproduces the anomalous cyclone over the western North Pacific （WNP） and associated negative precipita- tion anomalies in situ. In the observation, the anomalous cyclone is transformed to an anomalous anticyclone over the WNP （WNPAC） during E1 Nifio mature winters. The model reproduces the WNPAC and associated positive precipitation anomalies over southeastern China during winter. However, the model fails to simu- late the asymmetry of the wintertime circulation anomalies over the WNP between E1 Nifio and La Nifia. The simulated anomalous cyclone over the WNP （WNPC） associated with La Nifia is generally symmetric about the WNPAC associated with E1 Nifio, rather than shifted westward as that in the observation. The discrepancy can partially explain why simulated La Nifia events decay much faster than observed. In the observation, the WNPAC maintains throughout the E1 Nifio decaying summer under the combined effects of local forcing of the WNP cold sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） and remote forcing from basin- wide warming in the tropical Indian Ocean. FGOALS-s2 captures the two mechanisms and reproduces the WNPAC throughout the summer. However, owing to biases in the mean state, the precipitation anomalies over East Asia, especially those of the Meiyu rain belt, are much weaker than that in the observation.

关键词： coupled general circulation model tropical air-sea interaction interannual variability of mon-soon

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Response of ocean climate to different heat-flux perturbations over the North Atlantic in FAFMIP

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第4期14卷 546-559页

作者： Wen-Yu YIN Xin GAO Run GUO Peng FAN Guang-Qing ZHOU International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The diversity of surface-flux perturbations,especially for heat-flux perturbations,notably leads to uncertainties surrounding the responses of ocean climate under global warming scenarios projected by climate/Earth system ***,when imposing heat-flux perturbations on the models,strong feedback persists between the atmosphere and the ocean,resulting in nearly doubled heat-flux perturbation over the North Atlantic(NA).Herein,quantitative evaluation of the influences of magnitude change of heat-flux perturbations over the NA on the changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation(AMOC),ocean heat uptake(OHU)and dynamic sea level(DSL)has been conducted by analysis of eight coupled model responses to the heat-flux perturbation experiments in the Flux-Anomaly-Forced model Inter-comparison *** has been demonstrated that the magnitude of the AMOC change is extremely sensitive to the magnitude change of imposed NA heat-flux perturbation,and the weakening amplitude of the AMOC is nearly halved as the imposed heat-flux perturbation F is halved over the *** most remarkable responses of both DSL and OHU to the magnitude changes of NA heat-flux perturbation have been primarily found in the Atlantic and Arctic basins,especially for the NA *** the added ocean heat uptake(OHUa)and redistributed ocean heat uptake(OHUr)play key roles in OHU changes among the various NA heat-flux perturbation *** magnitude change of NA-mean OHUa is almost linearly related to the imposed NA heat-flux perturbation,while the magnitude change of NA-mean OHUr,which is primarily caused by AMOC change and redistributed heat flux,is not proportional to the imposed NA heat-flux *** is a nearly linear relationship between the magnitude of AMOC change and the OHUr in tropical regions,including the regions in the low-latitude South Atlantic,the tropical Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean.

关键词： Heat-flux perturbation Ocean heat uptake North Atlantic Atlantic meridional overturning circulation coupled general circulation model

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