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Economical Requirements Elicitation Techniques During COVID-19: A Systematic Literature Review

Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 2665-2680页

作者： Tauqeer ul Amin Basit Shahzad Fazal-e-Amin Muhammad Shoaib Department of Software Engineering National University of Modern LanguagesIslamabadPakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

Requirements elicitation is a fundamental phase of software development in which an analyst discovers the needs of different stakeholders and transforms them into *** phase is cost-and time-intensive,and a project may fail if there are excessive costs and schedule ***-19 has affected the software industry by reducing interactions between developers and *** a lack of interaction is a key reason for the failure of software *** can also fail when customers do not know precisely what they ***,selecting the unsuitable elicitation technique can also cause project *** present study,therefore,aimed to identify which requirements elicitation technique is the most cost-effective for large-scale projects when time to market is a critical issue or when the customer is not *** that end,we conducted a systematic literature review on requirements elicitation *** primary studies identified introspection as the best technique,followed by survey and *** finding suggests that introspection should be the first choice of elicitation technique,especially when the customer is not available or the project has strict time and cost ***,introspection should also be used as the starting point in the elicitation process of a large-scale project,and all known requirements should be elicited using this technique.

关键词： COVID-19 software engineering requirements engineering requirements elicitation introspection project failure SLR on elicitation techniques large-scale projects economical elicitation techniques costeffective time constraints

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Identifying high-risk individuals for gastric cancer surveillance from western and eastern perspectives: Lessons to learn and possibility to develop an integrated approach for daily practice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第27期25卷 3546-3562页

作者： Duc Trong Quach Toru Hiyama Takuji Gotoda Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hochiminh CityHo Chi Minh 70000Vietnam Health Service Center Hiroshima UniversityHigashihiroshima 739-8514Japan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyo 101-8309Japan

Current evidence shows that individuals with gastric dysplasia, severe and extensive gastric atrophy, extensive gastric intestinal metaplasia and the incomplete subtype of intestinal metaplasia are at high risk for gastric cancer(GC) development. There are several approaches to identifying these subjects,including noninvasive methods, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and *** main approach in Western countries is histology-based while that in Eastern countries with a high prevalence of GC is endoscopy-based. Regarding asymptomatic individuals, the key issues in selecting applicable approaches are the ability to reduce GC mortality and the cost-effectiveness of the approach. At present, population-based screening programs have only been applied in a few Asian countries with a high risk of GC. Pre-endoscopic risk assessment based on demographic and clinical features, such as ethnicity, age, gender, smoking and Helicobacter pylori status, is helpful for identifying subjects with high pre-test probability for a possibly cost-effective approach, especially in intermediate-and low-risk countries. Regarding symptomatic patients with indications for esophagogastroduodenoscopy, the importance of opportunistic screening should be emphasized. The combination of endoscopic and histological approaches should always be considered as endoscopy provides a real-time assessment of the patient’s risk level. In addition, imaging enhanced endoscopy(IEE) has been shown to facilitate targeted biopsies resulting in better correlation between endoscopic and histological findings. Currently, the use of IEE is recommended for endoscopic examinations, and the Operative Link for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia or Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment grading systems are recommended for histological examinations whenever available. However,resource limitations are an important barrier in many regions worldwide. Thus,for an approach to be applicable in real-life practice, it should be not only

关键词： Gastric cancer Precancerous gastric lesions Dysplasia Gastric atrophy Chronic atrophic gastritis Intestinal metaplasia Surveillance Screening costeffective

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