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cost benefit analysis of the use of tranexamic acid in primary lower limb arthroplasty: A retrospective cohort study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第11期6卷 977-982页

作者： Niall P McGoldrick Eabhann M O'Connor Nikos Davarinos Rose Galvin John F Quinlan Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Tallaght Hospital Department of Clinical Therapies University of Limerick

AIM: To examine the cost benefit conferred by the perioperative administration of intravenous tranexamic acid(TXA) in lower limb ***: This study evaluates the use of TXA in 200 consecutive lower limb arthroplasties performed in a single surgeon series. The initial 100 patients(control group) underwent surgery without perioperative administration of TXA while the subsequent 100 patients(TXA group) all received 1 g TXA at the time of induction of anaesthesia. Pre- and post-operative haemoglobin, platelet count, haematocrit, the use of blood product post-operatively, length of stay were examined. A financial analysis of both groups was then undertaken. RESULTS: The mean age of patients in both groups was 63 ± 13 years. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of gender(P = 0.47), proportion of total hip replacement to total knee replacement(P = 0.25) or pre-operative haemoglobin(P = 0.43). In the control group, the transfusion rate was 22%. In the TXA group, the transfusion rate dropped to 2%(P cost of transfused blood products was €11055 and €603 respectively. The mean length of stay in the control group was 6.53 ± 5.93 d vs 5.47 ± 4.26 d in the TXA group(P = 0.15) leading to an estimated financial saving of €114586. There was one pulmonary embolus in the control group and one deep venous thrombosis in the TXA ***: Intravenous TXA reduces blood loss in lower limb arthroplasty. This leads to lower transfusion rates, shorter length of stay in hospital and significant financial savings.

关键词： Arthroplasty Hip Knee Tranexamic acid cost-benefit analysis

Economics analysis of food waste treatment in China and its influencing factors

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第2期15卷 181-192页

作者： Ting Chen Yingying Zhao Xiaopeng Qiu Xiaoyan Zhu Xiaojie Liu Jun Yin Dongsheng Shen Huajun Feng School of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling Hangzhou 310018China Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou 310018China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited of Power China Hangzhou 311122China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research Beijing 100101China

This study examines the economic benefits of food waste treatment projects in China and factors affecting ***-level pilot projects for food waste treatment located in 29 cities were selected as *** economics of food waste recycling from the investors’perspective,in terms of investment during the construction phase and cost and benefit during the operation phase,was *** indicate that the average tonnage investment of food waste treatment projects was RMB 700.0±188.9 thousand yuan,with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±*** ratio increased to 0.95±0.57 following the application of government *** highlights the limited economic benefits of food waste treatment facilities,which rely on government subsidies to maintain their operations in *** analysis using a multi-factor analysis model revealed that regional location,service population size,processing technique,and urban income exerted varying impacts on the economy of food waste *** size exerted the highest impact(P=0.016)during the construction stage,and processing techniques notably influenced the project economy during the operation *** study highlights the need to prioritize service population size and processing techniques during economic decision-making and management of food waste recycling *** results of this study can serve as a valuable practical reference for guiding future policies regarding food waste treatment and related planning.

关键词： Recycling economics cost-benefit Food waste treatment Subsidy Food waste economy Circular economy

Exploring the Current Practices,costs and benefits of FAIR Implementation in Pharmaceutical Research and Development:A Qualitative Interview Study

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Data Intelligence 2021年第4期3卷 507-527页

作者： Ebtisam Alharbi Rigina Skeva Nick Juty Caroline Jay Carole Goble School of Computer Science University of ManchesterManchesterManchester M139PLUK College of Computer and Information Systems Umm Al-Qura UniversityMeccaMakkah 21421Saudi Arabia

The findable,accessible,interoperable,reusable(FAIR)principles for scientific data management and stewardship aim to facilitate data reuse at scale by both humans and *** and development(R&D)in the pharmaceutical industry is becoming increasingly data driven,but managing its data assets according to FAIR principles remains costly and *** date,little scientific evidence exists about how FAIR is currently implemented in practice,what its associated costs and benefits are,and how decisions are made about the retrospective FAIRification of data sets in pharmaceutical R&*** paper reports the results of semi-structured interviews with 14 pharmaceutical professionals who participate in various stages of drug R&D in seven pharmaceutical *** thematic analysis identified three primary themes of the benefits and costs of FAIRification,and the elements that influence the decision-making process for FAIRifying legacy data *** collectively acknowledged the potential contribution of FAIRification to data reusability in diverse research domains and the subsequent potential for *** costs,however,were still considered a barrier by participants,with the need for considerable expenditure in terms of resources,and cultural *** decisions were made about FAIRification was influenced by legal and ethical considerations,management commitment,and data *** findings have significant implications for those in the pharmaceutical R&D industry who are engaged in driving FAIR implementation,and for external parties who seek to better understand existing practices and challenges.

关键词： FAIR FAIRification Retrospective FAIRification Pharmaceutical R&D cost-benefit Decision-making process

Research on optimal immunization strategies for hepatitis B in different endemic areas in China

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第3期6卷 392-394页

作者： Li H Wang L Wang SS Gong J Zeng XJ Li RC Nong Y Huang YK Chen XR Huang ZN CAMS & PUMC Inst Basic Med Sci Dept Epidemiol Beijing 100005 Peoples R China

INTRODUCTION At present hepatitis B vaccine immunization is an unique effective measure for controlling hepatitis *** is important o determine optimal immunization

关键词： hepatitis B vaccine immunization strategy cost-benefit analysis china

Building-integrated renewable energy policy analysis in China

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Journal of Central South University 2009年第S1期16卷 209-213页

作者：姚春妮郝斌 Center of Energy-efficiency in Buildings Ministry of Construction

With the dramatic development of renewable energy all over the world,and for purpose of adjusting energy structure,the Ministry of Construction of China plans to promote the large scale application of renewable energy in buildings. In order to ensure the validity of policy-making,this work firstly exerts a method to do cost-benefit analysis for three kinds of technologies such as building-integrated solar hot water (BISHW) system,building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology and ground water heat pump (GWHP). Through selecting a representative city of every climate region,the analysis comes into different results for different climate regions in China and respectively different suggestion for policy-making. On the analysis basis,the Ministry of Construction (MOC) and the Ministry of Finance of China (MOF) united to start-up Building-integrated Renewable Energy Demonstration Projects (BIREDP) in 2006. In the demonstration projects,renewable energy takes place of traditional energy to supply the domestic hot water,electricity,air-conditioning and heating. Through carrying out the demonstration projects,renewable energy related market has been expanded. More and more relative companies and local governments take the opportunity to promote the large scale application of renewable energy in buildings.

关键词： Building-integrated Renewable Energy Policy cost-benefit analysis demonstration projects

How do Beijing Residents Value Environmental Improvements in Remote Parts of China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2013年第3期4卷 190-200页

作者： Michael AHLHEIM Oliver FRR LUO Jing Sonna PELZ JIANG Tong University of Hohenheim Institute of EconomicsStuttgart 70593 Germany University of Koblenz-Landau Institute of Ecological ScienceLandau 76829 Germany Research Center for China's Borderland History and Geography Chinese Academy of Social Sciences National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration

The benefits of climate adaptation policy are sometimes underestimated because its nonuse values perceived by people indirectly afected are usually *** data from a representative sample of Beijing’s urban population,it is shown that people living at a distance perceive nonuse values of climate change adaptation measures aimed at improving the environmental conditions in the Tarim River Basin in Northwest *** the contingent valuation method the monetized benefit of a particular set of climate adaptation measures experienced by a Beijing household is *** is concluded that not only the preferences of local people,but also of people living in other parts of China should be considered when deciding if a climate adaptation policy is worthwhile implementing from a social welfare point of view.

关键词： climate policy Tarim River Basin cost-benefit analysis nonuse values contingent valuation method

Efficiency and Economy of a New Agricultural Rainwater Harvesting System

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2010年第4期8卷 41-48页

作者： Ji Wenhua Cai Jianming Marinus van Veenhuizen Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China ETC-Urban Agriculture Leusden 3830 ABNetherland

Shortage of water is the key limiting factor for agricultural development of *** harvesting(RWH) could provide an alternative water source for greenhouse agriculture,but local natural and socioeconomic conditions challenge the application of the *** article analyses the advantages and disadvantages of different types of greenhouse RWH in Beijing,and describes a new greenhouse RWH system demonstrated in 2008 in Huairou,a suburb district of *** analyses the efficiency,cost-benefit ratios and limiting factors of the new *** results show that with the new system,RWH efficiency can be as high as 66%(of total rainfall) and the rainwater usage rate can reach 69% of total water *** ratio of benefit to cost of government investment can be 1.84,and the ratio of benefit to cost of a farmer's investment could be 1.68 provided the project is designed to save water and also increase ***,the price of groundwater for agriculture directly influences the potential for applying and scaling up the *** the RWH system does not increase the farmers' incomes at the current water price,they will not use it until the water price rises to a critical point,which is determined by external *** article also suggests a number of measures to increase the efficiency of the system in order to apply it on a large scale.

关键词： Beijing greenhouse agriculture rainwater harvesting cost-benefit

Early infant male circumcision:Systematic review,risk-benefit analysis,and progress in policy

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世界临床儿科杂志 2017年第1期6卷 89-102页

作者： Brian J Morris Sean E Kennedy Alex D Wodak Adrian Mindel David Golovsky Leslie Schrieber Eugenie R Lumbers David J Handelsman John B Ziegler School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute University of Sydney School of Women’s and Children’s Health University of New South Wales St Vincent’s Hospital and Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society University of New South Wales IVF Australia Department of Medicine Sydney Medical SchoolRoyal North Shore Hospital School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy Mothers and Babies Research CentreHunter Medical Research InstituteUniversity of Newcastle Department of Medicine and ANZAC Research Institute Concord Hospital Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Sydney Children’s Hospital

AIM To determine whether recent evidence-based United States polices on male circumcision(MC) apply to comparable Anglophone countries,Australia and New *** Articles in 2005 through 2015 were retrieved from PubM ed using the keyword "circumcision" together with 36 relevant subtopics.A further PubM ed search was performed for articles published in *** of the EMBASE and Cochrane databases did not yield additional citable *** were assessed for quality and those rated 2+ and above according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Grading System were studied *** most relevant andrepresentative of the topic were *** were examined to retrieve further key *** controlled trials,recent high quality systematic reviews or meta-analyses(level 1++ or 1+ evidence) were prioritized for inclusion.A risk-benefit analysis of articles rated for quality was *** efficiency and reliability,recent randomized controlled trials,metaanalyses,high quality systematic reviews and large welldesigned studies were used if *** searches were conducted for other relevant information,including policies and Australian data on claims under Medicare for *** Evidence-based policy statements by the American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) support infant and later age male circumcision(MC) as a desirable public health *** systematic review of relevant literature over the past decade yielded 140 journal articles that met our inclusion ***,these showed that early infant MC confers immediate and lifelong benefits by protecting against urinary tract infections having potential adverse long-term renal effects,phimosis that causes difficult and painful erections and "ballooning" during urination,inflammatory skin conditions,inferior penile hygiene,candidiasis,various sexually transmissible infections in both sexes,genital ulcers,and penil

关键词： Male circumcision Evidence-based policy Infants Adults Urinary tract infections Adverse events Sexually transmitted infections Genital cancers Riskbenefit analysis cost-benefit

Pharmacological Control of Estrus in Tropical Cattle,an Economical Assessment of Different Synchronization Protocols

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2012年第3期2卷 151-157页

作者： Juan J.Molina Ivan Molina Alejandro Jimenez Carlos S.Galina Juan J.Romero Asesor Laboratorios Intervet Schering Plough BogotaColombia Director Tecnico Agropecuaria Las Tinajas S.A. BogotaColombia Departamento de Reproduccion Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMexico CityMexico Programa de Investigacion en Medicina Poblacional Escuela de Medicina VeterinariaUniversidad NacionalHerediaCosta Rica Campus Benjamín Nunez HerediaCosta Rica

To compare the fertility results and to assess the cost-effectiveness of several synchronization protocols applied under the conditions of beef cattle enterprises in Colombia, 1658 multiparous zebu crossbred cows mostly Brahman and Nelore ranging between 2 - 6 parities were used. Five protocols of pharmacological treatments varying in hormones used, dosage and the time of application were tested. All cows were inseminated at 52 h by appointment. Pregnancy diagnosis was undertaken over 45 d after insemination by rectal palpation. The total cost per cow and the total cost per gestation, for each protocol, were calculated. Taking a herd of one-hundred cows as baseline for calculations, it was estimated the cost of the total amount of pregnancies possibly obtained in each protocol;then, the excess between the costs of a pregnant cow and the cost of a treated cow was estimated. Additionally, the costs due to cows empty after four services were calculated. A total of 874 pregnancies were registered (52.7%), with pregnancies per protocol varying between 46.9% and 66.2% (p cost per treated cow, varied between $64.08 and $97.47 and the cost per gestation from $126.01 to $177.26, without association between the cost of the treatment and the pregnancy rate. Protocol A was the best cost-effective with the lowest additional costs, the lowest amount of open days (2107.7 to 2231.7 d) and IA straws (average = 134), with an additional costs of $6940.00. Synchronization of estrus using pharmacological products seems to have a place in the management of cattle;however, caution should be called upon a careful assessment both from the part of the farm and the professional in charge of the enterprise to avoid using the technique indiscriminatively thus propitiating the use of a method that might not be cost efficient.

关键词： Tropics Bos Indicus cost-benefit Estru Synchronization