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高置信计算(英文) 2023年第2期3卷 1-9页

作者： Jenamani Chandrakanta Badajena Srinivas Sethi Ramesh Kumar Sahoo Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology Sarang(Nodal Center of Utkal University) Odisha 759146India

A smart wheelchair provides mobility assistance to persons with motor disabilities by processing sensory inputs from the person.This involves accurately collecting inputs from the user during various movement activities and using them to determine their intended motion.These smart wheelchairs work by collecting brain signals in the form of electroencephalography(EEG)signals and by processing them into a quantized format to provide movement assistance to people.Such systems can be referred to as brain-computer interface(BCI)systems that work with EEG signals.Acquiring data from human beings in the form of brain signals through EEG,along with processing of those signals and ensuring the correctness of actions instigated by those brain signals involve a huge amount of data.In this work,we carried out an experiment by taking 100 human subjects and recording their brain signals using a NeuroMax device.Typical wheelchairs are constrained by design as the motion of those is limited either by manual operation or controlled by haptic sensors and actuators.The main objective in this work was to design a wheelchair with better usability and control using machine learning-based knowledge,which is typically a data-driven approach.However,the proposed approach was designed to take inputs from human gestures and brain sensory activities to provide better usability to the wheelchair.The attention meditation cost–benefit analysis(AMCBA)proposed in this paper aims to reduce the risk of inappropriate results and improve performance by considering various cost-benefit parameters.The said classifier aims to improve the quality of emotion recognition by filtering features from EEG signals using methods of feature selection.The operation of the proposed method is described in two steps:in the first step,we assign weights to different channels for the extraction of spatial and temporal information from human behavior.The second step presents the cost-benefit model to improve the accuracy to help in decision-making.Moreover,we tried to a

关键词： EEG Attention cost-benefit analysis Machine learning Meditation Smart wheelchair

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cost-benefit analysis of the Wuxikou Integrated Flood Management Project Considering the Effects of Flood Risk Reduction and Resettlement

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第5期14卷 795-812页

作者： Peng Zeng Weihua Fang Haixia Zhang Zhongmin Liang Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Academy of Disaster Risk Science Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology(ESPRE) Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China

Evaluation of the economic costs and benefits of flood disaster risk management projects is crucial.However,current costbenefit analyses(CBA) often lack reliable estimates of the expected loss reduction from flood control measures and ignore quantitative assessments of resettlement.To address these limitations,this study incorporated a probabilistic risk analysis method and quantitative resettlement benefits assessment into the CBA framework,using the Wuxikou Integrated Flood Management Project(WIFMP) in Jiangxi Province,China,as a case study.The direct economic benefits of flood control were estimated by integrating hydrological statistics,numerical flood inundation simulation,and quantitative damage analysis with exposure and vulnerability data.Furthermore,the resettlement benefits were quantified by measuring the annual income growth of migrants based on assumptions about household employment.Our analysis shows that the total WIFMP investment is RMB 3546.1 million yuan(USD 1=RMB 6.976 yuan),including loan principal and interest of 244.4 million yuan,and operations and maintenance of 605.5 million yuan at 2020 prices.Annual project benefits are estimated at 351.3 million yuan in flood risk reduction,155.7-191.9 million yuan from increased resettlement income,and 42.7 million yuan in power and water revenues.Considering the costs and benefits across the entire project lifecycle,the internal rate of return ranges from 13.7 to 14.2%,and the net present value ranges from 31.8 to 352.6 billion yuan.Through improved benefit estimation methodology,this research enables a more reliable and holistic evaluation of costs and benefits for flood risk management projects.It provides insights for policymakers and practitioners involved in similar projects,contributing to more informed decision making and better allocation of resources in flood disaster risk management.

关键词： cost-benefit analysis Flood management project Resettlement Risk reduction

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Economic cost-benefit analysis for the agricultural use of sewage sludge treated with lime and fly ash

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第5期8卷 1099-1107页

作者： Efrat Hadas Uri Mingelgrin Pinchas Fine Investment Financing Department Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development68 Hamakabim RoadP.O.Box 151597505101 Rishon LeZionIsrael Agricultural Research Organization Volcani CenterInstitute of SoilsWater and Environmental Sciences68 Hamakabim RoadP.O.Box 151597505101 Rishon LeZionIsrael

A tool for calculating the economic and environmental impacts of the use of byproducts of industrial processes that can substitute for perishable resources was presented.This was exemplified by fly ash(the fine fraction of ash originating from coal burned to generate electricity and collected by filtering exhaust gases leaving the furnace),added to soil as a component of sewage sludge stabilized with fly ash and lime(NVS).Application to soil of NVS has potential agricultural and environmental advantages and disadvantages.The costs and benefits of such application were calculated using both a database and expert opinions.The calculations assumed a representative assemblage of soils and crops,with weights assigned to each crop type and soil characteristic.The annual weighted benefits(additional income for the farmer)and costs per hectare reached 324$/ha and 131$/ha respectively.Major potential benefits include:Chemical fertilizer replacement,159$/ha;Improvement to the soil’s physical properties,75$/ha;Supply of vital trace elements,33$/ha.Major potential costs were:Regulatory limitations on marketing of crops pending proof of absence of risk of heavy metals or radionuclides accumulation in these crops,(17$/ha and 36$/ha respectively);Application and incorporation cost,50$/ha.The presented estimates of the costs and benefits refer to the array of soils and conditions typical to Israel.It is possible to maximize potential benefits by applying fly ash only to the most suitable agricultural soils while improper use of fly ash will increase the costs incurred from its use.

关键词： Byproducts recycling cost-benefit analysis Fly ash Liming Sewage sludge

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A cost-benefit analysis for the implementation of riparian buffer strips in the Shihmen reservoir watershed

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2011年第3期26卷 393-399页

作者： Chia-Ling CHANG Ying-Sung HSU Bing-Jean LEE Li-Jung WENG Department of Water Resources Engineering and Conservation Feng Chia University No.100 Wenhwa Rd. SeatwenTaichung40724TaiwanChina 3. No.100 Wenhwa Rd.SeatwenTaichung40724TaiwanChina Department of Civil Engineering Feng Chia University

The Shihmen reservoir is an important water source for about 3.4 million people in northern Taiwan. To protect reservoir water quality,it is necessary to conserve and manage the associated watersheds. Riparian buffer strips can trap pollutants emitted near a watershed.The location and design of a buffer strip can influence its pollutant-trapping efficiency.Any commitment of land for use as a riparian buffer strip must consider the project’s economic effectiveness.The present research is a cost-benefit analysis of various possible land developments in the Shihmen reservoir watershed.This study has applied a regression equation to evaluate pollutant-trapping efficiency levels of riparian buffer strips of various widths.Planned buffer strips have been evaluated in terms of net economic effectiveness and benefit-cost ratio.Results indicate that the optimal buffer strip width is 30 m for the Shihmen reservoir watershed.

关键词： Buffer strip cost-benefit analysis Watershed conservation

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cost-benefit analysis of trading strategies in the stock index futures market

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Financial Innovation 2020年第1期6卷 628-644页

作者： Xiong Xiong Yian Cui Xiaocong Yan Jun Liu Shaoyi He College of Management and Economics Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Research Institute Shenzhen Stock ExchangeShenzhen 518038China Jack H.Brown College of Business and Public Administration California State UniversitySan Bernardino 92407USA

With the introduction of many derivatives into the capital market,including stock index futures,the trading strategies in financial markets have been gradually enriched.However,there is still no theoretical model that can determine whether these strategies are effective,what the risks are,and how costly the strategies are.We built an agent-based cross-market platform that includes five stocks and one stock index future,and constructed an evaluation system for stock index futures trading strategies.The evaluation system includes four dimensions:effectiveness,risk,occupation of capital,and impact cost.The results show that the informed strategy performs well in all aspects.The risk of the technical strategy is relatively higher than that of the other strategies.Moreover,occupation of capital and impact cost are both higher for the arbitrage strategy.Finally,the wealth of noise traders is almost lost.

关键词： Trading strategy Stock index futures Agent-based model cost-benefit analysis

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Cyberattack Ramifications, The Hidden cost of a Security Breach

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Journal of Information Security 2024年第2期15卷 87-105页

作者： Meysam Tahmasebi Department of Cybersecurity EC-Council University Albuquerque USA

In this in-depth exploration, I delve into the complex implications and costs of cybersecurity breaches. Venturing beyond just the immediate repercussions, the research unearths both the overt and concealed long-term consequences that businesses encounter. This study integrates findings from various research, including quantitative reports, drawing upon real-world incidents faced by both small and large enterprises. This investigation emphasizes the profound intangible costs, such as trade name devaluation and potential damage to brand reputation, which can persist long after the breach. By collating insights from industry experts and a myriad of research, the study provides a comprehensive perspective on the profound, multi-dimensional impacts of cybersecurity incidents. The overarching aim is to underscore the often-underestimated scope and depth of these breaches, emphasizing the entire timeline post-incident and the urgent need for fortified preventative and reactive measures in the digital domain.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence (AI) Business Continuity Case Studies Copyright cost-benefit analysis Credit Rating Cyberwarfare Cybersecurity Breaches Data Breaches Denial Of Service (DOS) Devaluation Of Trade Name Disaster Recovery Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) Identity Theft Increased cost to Raise Debt Insurance Premium Intellectual Property Operational Disruption Patent Post-Breach Customer Protection Recovery Point Objective (RPO) Recovery Time Objective (RTO) Regulatory Compliance Risk Assessment Service Level Agreement Stuxnet Trade Secret

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cost-benefit analysis of China’s Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2019年第4期6卷 524-537页

作者： Jing ZHANG Hongqiang JIANG Wei ZHANG Guoxia MA Yanchao WANG Yaling LU Xi HU Jia ZHOU Fei PENG Jun BI Jinnan WANG State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation Center for Beijing-Tianj in-Hebei Regional EnvironmentChinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100012China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation Center for Environmental and Economic AccountingChinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100012China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100012China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation Center for Beijing-Tianj in-Hebei Regional EnvironmentCenter for Environmental and Economic AccountingChinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100012China

China’s rapid economic growth has caused severe air pollution and public health problems.Therefore,the Chinese government launched the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control(hereinafter referred to as the“Air Plan”)in 2013-2017 to improve air quality and safeguard public health.In this study,an analytical framework for a cost-benefit analysis applicable to China was constructed,and the costs and benefits of the implementation of the“Air Plan”in 30 cities and provinces in China from 2013 to 2017 were evaluated.Results show that the total cost of implementation of the“Air Plan”is 1.6511 trillion RMB.The benefits of air quality improvement were determined to be 2.4691 trillion RMB through the willingness-to-pay method to calculate the economic loss of premature deaths.The net benefit related to the implementation of the“Air Plan”was 818 billion RMB.The public health benefit of air quality improvement was 1.5 times the cost of the nationwide implementation of the“Air Plan”.At the provincial level,net benefits that reach 279.3 billion RMB were the highest in Guangdong,whereas the benefit-cost ratio,where the benefit was 5.5 times the cost,was the highest in Fujian.Estimations in this study can serve as a reference for China in formulating similar environmental policies and implementing the “3-year Plan to Defend the Blue Sky”.In addition,these estimations have practical significance for advancing the long-term effective mechanisms of the cost-benefit analysis of China5s environmental policies.

关键词： Air Plan cost-benefit analysis health benefits environmental policy

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cost-benefit analysis on Forest Certification for Forest Management and Forestry Industry Development in China

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Chinese Forestry Science and Technology 2010年第4期9卷 1-8页

作者： ZHAO Jie LI Zhongkui HU Yanjie Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China

The paper is based on the summarization of forest certification development to analyze and describe how forest certification promotes and pushes the setup of forest resources management model, forest management level and collective forest tenure reform. In terms of breaking green trade barrier, upgrading international competitiveness of forest products, facilitating forestry enterprise growth, etc, it elaborated the role of forest certification in promoting forestry industry development. The authors also made an objective analysis on the costs and risks that China has to bear for conducting forest certification. Based on the comprehensive analysis on benefits and costs, the authors presented the specific recommendations on how China would conduct forest certification.

关键词： forest certification forest management forestry industry cost-benefit analysis

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cost-benefit analysis of Sandakan Airport Expansion Project in Malaysia

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Sandakan Airport Expansion Project ...

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作者： Zhongjian Yang Binglong Gao Postgraduate School Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences International Institute of Public Policy and Management University of Malaya

Based on facts and reasonable assumptions, this paper analyzes the expansion project of Sandakan Airport in Malaysia by means of cost-benefit analysis, including both economic and social benefits. In addition, the reasonable analysis concludes that the expansion project of Sandakan Airport in Malaysia should not be implemented if only the future economic benefits are considered. But based on the social benefits, the Sandakan Airport expansion project should be implemented, and we provide recommendations for cost-cutting and increase economic benefits.

关键词： Sandakan Airport cost-benefit analysis Social Economic Economic Valuation

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Using Multidisciplinary analysis to Develop Adaptation Options against Extreme Coastal Floods

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第4期13卷 577-591页

作者： Xinmeng Shan Jun Wang Jiahong Wen Hengzhi Hu Lei Wang Jie Yin Mengya Li Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of EducationEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Key Laboratory of Spatial-Temporal Big Data analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities Ministry of Natural ResourcesShanghai 200241China School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Department of Hospitality Management Shanghai Business SchoolShanghai 200235China Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70810USA

Long-term flood risk adaptation and decision making are complex because the future is full of deep uncertainties.Flexibility and robustness can be used to deal with future uncertainty.This study developed an integrated modeling framework that extends previous studies to the spatial domain to assess the future flood risks and the cost and benefit of three adaptation measures for four types of buildings in Shanghai.Real options analysis(ROA)and dynamic adaptive policy pathways(DAPP)were integrated to develop a dynamic adaptation pathway and identify robust adaptation options.The results show that:(1)Sea level rise and land subsidence will significantly exacerbate the flood risks in Shanghai;(2)Among the three flood control measures,wet-floodproofing has the best economic performance in terms of both the net present value and the benefit/cost ratio,followed by dry-floodproofing,and elevation;(3)Dryfloodproofing can be used at the beginning of the future period(2030–2100),and it can be replaced by wet-floodproofing in 2035–2042;the elevation measure also shows good performance at the beginning of implementation,but its performance will decline after 2041–2045;(4)The combined strategy of dry-and wet-floodproofing in 2044–2046and a hybrid strategy combining the three measures should be the optimal solution for reducing the flood risks in 2047–2051.The methodology developed in this study can provide insights for coastal cities to formulate cost-effective and feasible adaptation strategies in a deeply uncertain future.

关键词： Adaptation options Building-level measures Climate change Coastal floods cost-benefit analysis Shanghai

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