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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第6期14卷 541-550页

作者： Qiang Zhao Fengyun Jiang Liangyu Zhu Jing Xu The Second Monitoring and Application Center of China Earthquake Administration Xi'an 713700China

On January 8,2022,a 6.9 magnitude earthquake occurred in Menyuan County,Qinghai Province,with the epicenter located at the intersection of the Tuolaishan Fault and the Lenglongling Fault,which are part of the Qilian—Haiyuan fault zone.This study investigated the sliding characteristics and seismic mechanism of the earthquake to understand the activity and seismic risk of the fault on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau.This paper analyzed Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images to obtain the coseismic deformation field of the earthquake,which was then used to invert the slip distribution of the seismogenic fault and the coseismic Coulomb stress on the surrounding faults caused by the earthquake.It was found that the earthquake was primarily characterized by sinistral strike-slip movement.Along the satellite line of sight,the south wall of the fault had a maximum deformation of 0.62 m,and the north wall had a maximum deformation of 0.48 m.The coseismic slip distribution results indicated that the maximum slip of the earthquake was 4.51 m,and the moment magnitude was MW6.7.The Coulomb stress analysis showed that the 2016 Menyuan earthquake promoted the occurrence of the 2022Menyuan earthquake.

关键词： Geodesy coseismic deformation InSAR technology Inversion Coulomb stress Lenglongling fault Fault movement Menyuan earthquake

Rapid report of the December 18,2023 M_(S)6.2 Jishishan earthquake,Gansu,China

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Earthquake Research Advances 2024年第2期4卷 14-21页

作者： Guangjie Han Danqing Dai Yu Li Nan Xi Li Sun China Earthquake Networks Center Beijing100045China

On December 18,2023,the Jishishan area in Gansu Province was jolted by a M_(S) 6.2 earthquake,which is the most powerful seismic event that occurred throughout the year in China.The earthquake occurred along the NWtrending Lajishan fault(LJSF),a large tectonic transformation zone.After this event,China Earthquake Networks Center(CENC)has timely published several reports about seismic sources for emergency responses.The earthquake early warning system issued the first alert 4.9 s after the earthquake occurrence,providing prompt notification that effectively mitigated panics,injuries,and deaths of residents.The near real-time focal mechanism solution indicates that this earthquake is associated with a thrust fault.The distribution of aftershocks,the rupture process,and the recorded amplitudes from seismic monitoring and GNSS stations,all suggest that the mainshock rupture predominately propagates to the northwest direction.The duration of the rupture process is~12 s,and the largest slip is located at approximately 6.3 km to the NNW from the epicenter,with a peak slip of 0.12 m at~8 km depth.Seismic station N0028 recorded the highest instrumental intensity,which is 9.4 on the Mercalli scale.The estimated intensity map shows a seismic intensity reaching up to IX near the rupture area,consistent with field survey results.The aftershocks(up to December 22,2023)are mostly distributed in the northwest direction within~20 km of the epicenter.This earthquake caused serious casualties and house collapses,which requires further investigations into the impact of this earthquake.

关键词： Earthquake early warning Focal mechanism Rupture process Real-time intensity coseismic deformation

Preliminary analysis on characteristics of coseismic deformation associated with MS=8.1 western Kunlunshan Pass earthquake in 2001

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2004年第5期17卷 526-533页

作者： SHAN Xin-jian(单新建) LIU Jia-hang(柳稼航) MA Chao(马超) State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100029China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake DynamicsChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100029China Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024China

Based on the analysis of coseismic deformation in the macroscopic epicentral region extracted by Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR), and combined with the seismic activity, focal mechanism solutions of the earthquake and field investigation, the characteristic of coseismic deformation of MS=8.1 western Kunlunshan Pass earthquake in 2001 was researched. The study shows that its epicenter lies in the northeast side of Hoh Sai Hu; and the seismogenic fault in the macroscopic epicentral region can be divided into two central deformation fields: the west and east segments with the lengths of 42 km and 48 km, respectively. The whole fault extends about 90 km. From the distribution of interferometry fringes, the characteristic of sinistral strike slip of seismogenic fault can be identified clearly. The deformations on both sides of the fault are different with an obviously higher value on the south side. In the vicinity of macroscopic epicenter, the maximum displacement in look direction is about 288.4 cm and the minimum is 224.0 cm; the maximum sinistral horizontal dislocation of seismogenic fault near the macroscopic epicenter is 738.1 cm and the minimum is 551.8 cm.

关键词： InSAR M_S=8.1 western Kunlunshan Pass earthquake coseismic deformation

Extracting coseismic deformation of the 1997 Mani earthquake with differential interferometric SAR

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2002年第4期15卷 431-438页

作者：单新建马瑾王长林柳稼航 Institute of Geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 ChinaLaboratory of Tectonophysics China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 China Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a kind of new earth observation technique and great development has been made in the recent ten years. In the paper, InSAR and Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) are generally introduced; then the factors affecting the data accuracy are primarily discussed. The 1997 Mani earthquake was selected as an example to obtain the coseismic deformation field with the three-pass differential interferometric processing method. The results show that the coseismic deformation field is about 200 km in length and 115 km in width. The interferometric fringes spread in the area with the NEE-trending seismogenic fault the Margaichaka fault as the center and they are primarily parallel to the fault. Based on the analysis to the interferogram, the seismogenic fault can be divided into three segments. The whole fault is about 110 km and the length of each segment from the west to the east is about 23 km, 60 km and 26 km. The maximum uplifting displacement in the side-looking direction near the seismic center is about 162.4 cm, the maximum subsiding displacement in the side-looking direction in the western part of the fault is about 103.6 cm, and the maximum horizontal surface dislocation near the seismic center is about 7.96 m.

关键词： InSAR Mani earthquake coseismic deformation

Three-dimensional numerical simulation on the coseismic deformation of the 2008 M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in China

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Earthquake Science 2010年第2期23卷 191-200页

作者： Feng Li Jinshui Huang Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

Based on the finite element numerical algorithm, the coseismic displacements of the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake are calculated with the rupture slip vectors derived by Ji and Hayes as well as Nishimura and Yaji. Except in a narrow strip around the rupture zone, the coseismic displacements are consistent with those from GPS observation and InSAR interpretation. Numerical results show that rupture slip vectors and elastic properties have profound influences on the surface coseismic deformation, Results from models with different elastic parameters indicate that：（1） in homogeneous elastic medium, the surface displacements are weakly dependent on Poisson＇s ratio and independent of the elastic modulus; （2） in horizontally homogeneous medium with a weak zone at its middle, the thickness of the weak zone plays a significant role on calculating the surface displacements; （3） in horizontally and vertically heterogeneous medium, the surface displacements depend on both Poisson＇s ratio and elastic modulus. Calculations of eoseismic deformation should take account of the spatial variation of the elastic properties. The misfit of the numerical results with that from the GPS observations in the narrow strip around the rupture zone suggests that a much more complicated rupture model of the Wenchuan earthquake needs to be established in future study.

关键词： coseismic deformation Wenchuan earthquake finite element method elastic modulus

Influence of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on earthquake occurrence trend of active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region

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Earthquake Science 2009年第5期22卷 459-469页

作者： Jia Cheng Jie Liu Weijun Gan Gang Li China Earthquake Networks Center Beijing 100045 China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The Wenchuan earthquake coseismic deformation field is inferred from the coseismic dislocation data based on a 3-D geometric model of the active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region. Then the potential dislocation displacement is inverted from the deformation field in the 3-D geometric model. While the faults＇ slip velocities are inverted from GPS and leveling data, which can be used as the long-term slip vector. After the potential dislocation displacements are projected to long-term slip direction, we have got the influence of Wenchuan earthquake on active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region. The results show that the northwestern segment of Longmenshan fault, the southern segments of Xianshuihe fault, Anninghe fault, Zemuhe fault, northern and southern segments of Daliangshan fault, Mabian fault got earthquake risks advanced of 305, 19, 12, 9.1 and 18, 51 years respectively in the eastern part of Sichuan and Yunnan. The Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault, Nujiang fault, Longling-Lancang fault, Nantinghe fault and Zhongdian fault also got earthquake risks advanced in the western part of Sichuan-Yunnan region. Whereas the northwestern segment of Xianshuihe fault and Xiaojiang fault got earthquake risks reduced after the Wenchuan earthquake.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake coseismic deformation active fault earthquake occurrence trend Sichuan-Yunnan region

Multiplicity of solutions to geophysical inversion reflected by rupture slip distribution of the 2015 Nepal earthquake

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2017年第1期8卷 59-69页

作者： Kai Tan Caihong Zhang Bin Zhao Qi Wang Ruilin Du Rui Zhang Xuejun Qiao Yong Huang Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy Institute of Seismology China Earthquake Administration Wuhan 430071 China Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China National Earthquake Infrastructure Service Beijing 100036 China

The equivalence of geophysical fields, the finiteness of measurements and the measurement errors make the result of geophysical inversion non-unique. For example, the measurements and inversion method used, the priori rupture model determined and the slip distribution smoothing factor selected will have significant influences on the earthquake rupture slip distribution. Using different data and methods, different authors have given different rupture slip distribution models of the 2015 Mw7.9 Nepal earth- quake, with the maximum slip ranging from 3.0 m to 6.8 m. In this paper, geometry parameters of the single rectangular fault model in elastic half-space were inferred constraining with the Global Posi- tioning System （GPS） and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar （InSAR） coseismic deformations and bounding the slip with approximate average value; and then, the single rectangular fault was divided into multiple sub-faults, and the final slip smoothing factor, the final slip distribution and the maximum slip were determined with the misfit-roughness tradeoff curve, the cross-validation sum of squares （CVSS） and the third-party observation data or indexes being comprehensively taken into account. The results show that, the rupture of the Nepal earthquake extended by over 100 km east by south. The maximum slip of the earthquake was about 6.5-6.7 m, and most of the slip is confined at depths of 8 -20 kin, consistent with the depth distribution of aftershocks. The method for reducing the multiplicity of solutions to rupture slip distribution in this paper was ever used in inversion of rupture slip distri- bution for the 2008 Wenchuan and 2013 Lushan earthquakes, and the third-party measurement - surface dislocation has very large effect on reducing the multiplicity of solutions to inversion of the Wenchuan earthquake. Other priori information or indicators, such as fault strike, dip, earthquake magnitude, seismic activity, Coulomb stress, and seismic period, can be used for beneficial validation of and comparison w

关键词： Multiplicity of inversion solutions Nepal earthquake coseismic deformation Rupture slip distribution

coseismic and postseismic slip ruptures for 2015Mw 6.4 Pishan earthquake constrained by static GPS solutions

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2016年第5期7卷 323-328页

作者： Ping He Qi Wang Kaihua Ding Jie Li Rong Zou Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory Institute of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy Ministry of EducationWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China Faculty of Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Earthquake Administration of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi830011China

On 3 July 2015, a Mw 6.4 earthquake occurred on a blind fault struck Pishan, Xinjiang,China. By combining Crustal Movement Observation Network of China（CMONOC） and other Static Global Positioning System（GPS） sites surrounding Pishan region, it provides a rare chance for us to constrain the slip rupture for such a moderate event. The maximum displacement is up to 12 cm, 2 cm for coseismic and postseismic deformation, respectively,and both the deformation patterns show a same direction moving northeastward. With rectangular dislocation model, a magnitude of Mw6.48, Mw6.3 is calculated based on coseismic, postseismic deformation respectively. Our result indicates the western Kunlun range is still moving toward Tarim Basin followed by an obvious postseismic slip associated with this earthquake. To determine a more reasonable model for postseismic deformation, a longer GPS dataset will be needed.

关键词： Pishan earthquake Global Positioning System （GPS） coseismic deformation Postseismic deformation Model inversion

Source model of 2016 Mw6.6 Aketao earthquake,Xinjiang derived from Sentinel-1 InSAR observation

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2018年第5期9卷 372-377页

作者： Yun Ma Xuejun Qiao Wei Chen Yiyan Zhou Institute of Seismology China Earthquake Administration Key Laboratory of Seismic Geodesy China Earthquake Administration

On 25 November 2016（14:24:30 UTC）, an Mw6.6 earthquake occurred in Aketao county of Xinjiang. We derived the coseismic deformation field of the earthquake from ESA’s Sentinel-1 B images and inverted the fault geometry and slip distribution by using a homogenous half-space elastic model and the Steepest Decent Method（SDM） program. The slip model shows that the rupture plane is about 68 km in length and 40 km in width and has an average strike of 105.2°SE and an average dip of 76.0°S. The average amount of slip is-0.16 m and the maximum amount of slip is 0.59 m. The estimated seismic moment is 1.31 × 1019 N·m and the corresponding moment magnitude is Mw6.68. The dislocation is mainly distributed in the depth of 5-22 km, where the rupture center is located at 39.170 E, 74.38°N, and a depth of-8.8 km, so this earthquake is a shallow earthquake. In terms of the tectonic settings, the earthquake was triggered by the release of residual stresses on the seismogenic Muji fault. The ruptures were stimulated simultaneously by the main shock, which made the slip distribution pattern of a strike-slip fault with a double fracture. Due to the tectonic setting and the seismic gap between the ruptures, the Muji fault would have a risk of rupture to some extent and trigger an earthquake in future.

关键词： Aketao earthquake Differential interferometry coseismic deformation Focal mechanism inversion

The 2008 Nura Mw6.7 earthquake: A shallow rupture on the Main Pamir Thrust revealed by GPS and In SAR

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2015年第2期6卷 91-100页

作者： Qiao Xuejun Wang Qi Yang Shaomin Li Jie Zou Rong Ding Kaihua Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy Institute of Seismology China Earthquake Administration Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of Geosciences Planetary Science Institute China University of Geosciences Earthquake Administration of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

The 2008 Nura Mw6.7 earthquake occurred in front of the Trans-Alai Range, central Asia. We present Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar （InSAR） measurements of its coseismic ground deformation that are available for a major earthquake in the region. Analysis of the InSAR data shows that the earthquake ruptured a secondary fault of the Main Pamir Thrust for about 20 kin. The fault plane striking N46~E and dipping 48~SE is dominated by thrust slip up to 3 m, most of which is confined to the uppermost 2-5 km of the crust, similar to the nearby 1974 MwT.0 Markansu earthquake. The elastic model of interseismic deformation constrained by GPS measurements suggests that the two earthquakes may have resulted from the failures of two high-angle reverse faults that are about 10 km apart and rooted in a locked dScollement at depths of 5-6 kin. The elastic strain is built up by a freely creeping decollement at about 16 mm/a.

关键词： Shallow rupture Nura earthquake Main Pamir Thrust Global positioning system （GPS） Interferometric synthetic apertureradar （InSAR） coseismic deformation Interseismic deformation Southern Tianshan