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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第10期44卷 937-941页

作者： Zhibang Ma Ming Xia Chenghui Zhang Zicheng Pen Zhaorong Wang Weidong Sun Zhisheng An Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Dept Earth & Space Sci Hefei 230026 Peoples R China State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol Xian 710054 Peoples R China

Using the isotopic diluting and thermal ionization mass spectrometric (TIMS) technique, the U-series dating procedure was established on the basis of measurement of national standard GBW04412. With this highly precise technique the Holocene corals from the South China Sea were dated. Comparison between this method and α-spectrometry was made. The results show that a thriving period of corals in the South China Sea appeared at 6 800—5 800 a BP, during which the paleosea level was the higher than at present in the Holecene.

关键词： Holocene corals reefs mass spectrometric U-series dating South China Sea.

A New Foraminiferal Bioindicator for Long-Term Heat Stress on Coral Reefs

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1451-1459页

作者： Alexander F.Humphreys Sam J.Purkis Chuyan Wan Matthew Aldrich Sarah Nichols Jazmin Garza Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Department of Marine GeosciencesUniversity of MiamiMiamiFL33149USA Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation AnnapolisMD21403USA Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA

Coral reefs are in terminal decline.For conservation to be effective,naturally depauperate reefs must be distinguished from those recently degraded by humans.Traditional reef monitoring is time consuming and lacks the longevity to make this distinction.Success in using foraminifera as bioindicators for reef health has hitherto levered their response to nutrients.Because ocean heat waves are the dominant driver of coral bleaching and death,there is compelling motivation to develop new foraminiferal bioindicators that inform on temperature stress over meaningful timescales.This study focuses on identifying which foraminifera respond systematically to the temperature stress that kills corals.Statistical models were used to compare endosymbiont-bearing foraminiferal families,collected along a heat-stress gradient spanning the Solomon Islands and New Caledonia,to live coral cover at the same sites.Results indicate that Amphisteginidae foraminifera and coral cover show a significant decline in abundance as heat stress increases along the transect sites.Furthermore,ocean productivity and salinity,both recognized environmental influences on foraminifera,are shown to be subordinate to temperature in their sway of this ecological patterning.These findings indicate the potential for using foraminifera to develop new indices capable of quantifying long-term thermal impacts on reefs.

关键词： foraminifera bioindicator corals bleaching degree heating week FoRAM Index

corals FROM THE DEVONIAN-CARBONIFEROUS BOUNDARY AT SEIMEH-KUH (DAMGHAN REGIONE-CENTRAL IRAN)

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CORALS FROM THE DEVONIAN-CARBONIFEROUS BOUNDARY AT SEIMEH-KU...

Scleractinian corals and Reefs of Vietnam as a Part of the Pacific Reef Ecosystem

第二届国际古生物学大会

作者： Kaveh KHAKSAR M.R.KEBRIAEI-ZADEH Soil Conservation P.O.Box:13445-1136Tehran-Iran Departments of Geology Payam-Nur UniversityDamghanIran

The studied stratigraphical section is situated in easthern part of Semnan province, 10 km north of Damghan city, in the provinces of Eastern Alborz. A Solitary, small and undissepimented rugose corals fauna is described from the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary section of Seimeh-Kuh (Damghan Regione). It consist of Cyathaxonia fauna that corresponding to

关键词： corals Cyathaxonia fauna Devonian-Carboniferous Seimen-Kuh.

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2011年第2期1卷 50-68页

作者： Yuri Ya Latypov 不详

The paper analyzes both published and unpublished results of the investigations of Vietnamese reef building corals and reefs performed in the last decades of the twentieth century and first decades twenty-first. The state of the art in the study of reef-building scleractinian corals and reefs is presented. The scleractinian fauna of Vietnam is shown to match in species diversity (350 species of 80 genera) the tropical coral fauna of the Indonesian–Malacca fertile center, from which Indo-Pacific reef-building corals originated. The whole Vietnam coast from the Gulf of Tonkin to the Gulf of Siam is a biogeographically single whole and is a part of the Indo-Polynesian Province of the Indo-Pacific Area.

关键词： Vietnam Reefs Reef-Building corals Pacific Reef Ecosystem

A new early Visean coral assemblage from Azrou-Khenifra Basin,central Morocco and palaeobiogeographic implications

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第1期9卷 1-20页

作者： Sergio Rodríguez Ian D.Somerville Pedro Cózar Javier Sanz-López Ismael Coronado Felipe González Ismail Said Mohamed El Houicha GEODESPAL Universidad Complutense de Madridc/Jose Antonio Novais.1228040 MadridSpain Instituto de Geociencias(CSIC UCM)c/Jose Antonio Novais 1228040 MadridSpain UCD School of Earth Sciences University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Departmento de Geología Universidad de OviedoArias de Velasco s/n33005 OviedoSpain Institute of Paleobiology WarsawPoland Dpto.de Ciencias de la Tierra Universidad de HuelvaAvda.Fuerzas Armadas s/nCampus de El Carmen21071 HuelvaSpain Laboratoire de Géodynamique et Géomatique Facultédes SciencesUniversite Chouaib DoukkaliBP.2024000 El JadidaMorocco

A new early Visean coral assemblage has been recorded from turbidite facies in the southern part of the AzrouKhenifra Basin,northwest of Khenifra,central Morocco.The newly discovered Ba Moussa West(BMW)coral fauna includes Siphonophyllia khenifrense sp.nov.,Sychnoelasma urbanowitschi,Cravenia lamellata,Cravenia tela,Cravenia rhytoides,Turnacipora megastoma and Pleurosiphonella crustosa.The early Visean age of the coral assemblage is supported by foraminiferal and conodont data,with the recognition of the basal Visean MFZ9 Zone.This confirms that the first transgression in the Azrou-Khenifra Basin was during the earliest Visean.The allochthonous coral assemblage was recovered from coarse-grained proximal limestone debris flow and turbidite beds within a faultbounded unit,lying to the west of a thrust syncline containing upper Visean limestones.No evidence exists of the former early Visean shallow-water platform from which the corals were derived.All other in situ platform carbonate rocks around the southern margin of the Azrou-Khenifra Basin are probably of late Visean(Asbian–Brigantian)age.The early Visean Ba Moussa West coral fauna can be compared with that at Tafilalt in eastern Morocco,as well as in other Saharian basins of Algeria.Many of the genera and species in the Ba Moussa West assemblage are identical to those in NW Europe,with which it must have had marine connections.The new rugose species described,Siphonophyllia khenifrense,is probably endemic to North Africa.Its ecological niche in NW Europe was occupied by S.cylindrica or S.aff.garwoodi.

关键词： Mississippian Visean corals Foraminifers Conodonts Palaeobiogeography Morocco

Middle Callovian-Upper Oxfordian corals from Middle Shale Member of Qaleh Dokhtar Formation-Tabas Area （Central Iran）

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Middle Callovian-Upper Oxfordian Corals from Middle Shale Me...

用于底栖生物研究的可调物镜水下显微镜设计与测试

第八届国际侏罗系大会

作者： K.Khaksar Islamic Azad University Rud-Hen branch Civil Engineering Department Rud-Hen City-Iran

＜正＞The east-central sea had its greatest extent in the late Middle Jurassic and early Late Jurassic time. In the Shotori Range and in the Tabas area （East Iran）, the

关键词： Paleoenvironment Middle Callovian-Upper Oxfordian corals Qaleh Dokhtar Formation

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2021年第1期20卷 170-178页

作者： Kamran Shahani 宋宏 Syed Raza Mehdi Awakash Sharma Ghulam Tunio Junaidullah Qureshi Noor Kalhoro Nooruddin Khaskheli Ocean Engineering and Technology Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316000China Marine Science Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316000China Port and Coastal offshore Engineering Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316000China

Monitoring the ecology and physiology of corals,sediments,planktons,and microplastic at a suitable spatial resolution is of great importance in oceanic scientific research.To meet this requirement,an underwater microscope with an electrically controlled variable lens was designed and tested.The captured microscopic images of corals,sediments,planktons,and microplastic revealed their physical,biological,and morphological characteristics.Further studies of the images also revealed the growth,degradation,and bleaching patterns of corals;the presence of plankton communities;and the types of microplastics.The imaging performance is majorly influenced by the choice of lenses,camera selection,and lighting method.Image dehazing,global saturation masks,and image histograms were used to extract the image features.Fundamental experimental proof was obtained with micro-scale images of corals,sediments,planktons,and microplastic at different magnifications.The designed underwater microscope can provide relevant new insights into the observation and detection of the future conditions of aquatic ecosystems.

关键词： Underwater microscope Optics corals Sediments Planktons Microplastic Arduino

UV-B as a Photoacclimatory Enhancer of the Hermatypic Coral <i>Stylophora pistillata</i>

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2013年第2期3卷 15-27页

作者： Itay Cohen Gal Dishon David Iluz Zvy Dubinsky The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan Israel The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan Israel The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences Eilat Israel

Photoacclimation processes are crucial for the survival of all photosynthetic organisms in the photic zone. Changes in photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) are however simultaneous to changes in UV-B radiation. The influence of UV-B levels on bio-optical and physiological parameters of deep (30 m) corals from the species Stylophora pistillata and their symbiotic algae, zooxanthellae, was examined during their gradual, stepwise acclimation to a shallow depth (3 m). Drastic exposure of deeper corals to higher UV-B levels in shallower depths is usually fatal. Hence, the acclimation process lasted 118 days and included 10 intermediate stations with an addition of similar amount of PAR at each depth transfer. Concomitantly, in an on-shore experiment, fragments from the same colonies were acclimated by changing shading nets corresponding in PAR levels to each in situ station. Since UV-B is attenuated more efficiently than PAR in seawater, the PAR: UV-B ratio changes in the depth experiment while remaining constant under the neutral density nets. This provided the opportunity to evaluate the importance of UV-B to photoacclimation. In both experiments all fragments survived, in spite of a four-fold difference in levels of PAR and a 140-fold difference in UV-B flux between the initial and final conditions. Both experimental designs resulted in reduction of zooxanthellae density, photosynthesis rates, and quantum yields of PSII, while cellular chlorophyll content remained unaffected. Zooxanthellae density and maximal photosynthetic rate was found decreased in correlation with UV-B radiation, whether it was elevated logarithmically with reducing depths or linearly with reducing shades. Conversely, quantum yields of PSII were adjusted according to the enhancement of PAR rather than UV-B. We conclude that UV-B enhances the magnitude of photoacclimation to higher PAR. This novel aspect of photoacclimation can provide the basis for our understanding of the underlying mechanisms that result in UV-related bleaching.

关键词： corals Depth Transfer Photoacclimation UV-B Underwater Light

Electrical Stimulation Greatly Increases Settlement, Growth, Survival, and Stress Resistance of Marine Organisms

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Natural Resources 2014年第10期5卷 527-537页

作者： Thomas J. Goreau Global Coral Reef Alliance Cambridge USA

Increasing stress from global warming, sea level rise, acidification, sedimentation, pollution, and unsustainable practices have degraded the most critical coastal ecosystems including coral reefs, oyster reefs, and salt marshes. Conventional restoration methods work only under perfect conditions, but fail nearly completely when the water becomes too hot or water quality deteriorates. New methods are needed to greatly increase settlement, growth, survival, and resistance to environmental stress of keystone marine organisms in order to maintain critical coastal ecosystem functions including shore protection, fisheries, and biodiversity. Electrolysis methods have been applied to marine ecosystem restoration since 1976, with spectacular results (Figures 1(a)-(c)). This paper provides the first overall review of the data. Low-voltage direct current trickle charges are found to increase the settlement of corals 25.86 times higher than uncharged control sites, to increase the mean growth rates of reef-building corals, soft corals, oysters, and salt marsh grass— an average of 3.17 times faster than controls (ranging from 2 to 10 times depending on species and conditions), and to increase the survival of electrically charged marine organisms—an average of 3.47 times greater than controls, with the biggest increases under the most severe environmental stresses. These results are caused by the fundamental biophysical stimulation of natural biochemical energy production pathways, used by all organisms, provided by electrical stimulation under the right conditions. This paper reviews for the first time all published results from properly designed, installed, and maintained projects, and contrasts them with those that do not meet these criteria.

关键词： Electrical Stimulation corals Oysters Settlement Growth Survival Environmental Stress Resistance Climate Change Adaptation

X-Ray Diffraction Is a Promising Tool to Characterize Coral Skeletons

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2013年第1期3卷 120-125页

作者： M. Azizur Rahman Jochen Halfar Ryuichi Shinjo Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences University of Toronto Canada Department of Physics and Earth Sciences University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan

The skeletons of corals are made of calcium carbonate by biomineralization process, in the form of aragonite or calcite. To understand the characteristics of coral skeletons, especially mineralogy, crystal phases, organization and structure in individual species, X-ray powder diffraction techniques have gained increased interest in recent years as useful non-destructive tools. This review provides an overview on the recent progress in this field and briefly introduces the related experimental approach. The application of X-ray diffraction (XRD) to elucidating the structural and mechanical properties of mineral crystals in corals is reviewed in terms of characterization of CaCO3 crystal orientation. In addition, we discuss how this technique has increased our understanding of the function of the organic matrix proteins of calcified coral skeletons during mineral formation. Such information is helpful in deducing the mechanical and structural model of corals with respect to biomineralization system of skeletons.

关键词： Biomineralization Coral Skeletons Organic Matrix Proteins Sclerites Soft corals X-Ray Diffraction