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The abundance,characteristics and diversity of microplastics in the South China Sea:Observation around three remote islands

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第1期16卷 117-128页

作者： Hongzhe Chen Sumin Wang Huige Guo Yunlong Huo Hui Lin Yuanbiao Zhang Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China

Surrounded by emerging markets with considerable plastic consumption,the South China Sea has been a focus area of microplastic research.A survey on the floating microplastics(>0.3 mm)and microplastics ingested by fish and mollusks was conducted around three remote islands here.Compared with the results from several previous studies,a high abundance of floating microplastics(with a median of 1.9×10^(5)items/km^(2) or 0.7 items/m^(3))was observed,revealing another“hot spot”for microplastics.Polyolefin,especially polypropylene,was the main component.The diversity index and evenness index were calculated and evaluated based on the composition of microplastics.The characteristic peaks of Raman spectra concerning pigmented microplastics were provided.Transparent sheets/films were predominant in the water sample,which was quite different from a similar study in this sea area(8.9%for film),and only 16.4%of floating microplastics(>0.3 mm)were fibers/lines,implying that the main sources of floating microplastics(>0.3 mm)might be household/agricultural consumption activities.The transparent fiber/line was also dominant in organisms.It is suggested that the main sources of microplastics ingested by organisms might be both fabric fibers and fishing/aquaculture.

关键词： Microplastics coral reefs Abundance Diversity Characteristics

Sedimentary nitrogen dynamics in a coastal reef area with relatively high nitrogen concentration

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第4期42卷 33-40页

作者： Zhiming Ning Ronglin Xia Bin Yang Cao Fang Wei Jiang Guodong Song Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of coral reefs in the South China Sea School of Marine SciencesGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in Beibu Gulf Beibu Gulf UniversityQinzhou 535011China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of Ministry of Education Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

The migration and transformation of nitrogen(N)in sediments play an important role in regulating the N concentration and nutrient structures in shallow seas.However,studies of sedimentary N dynamics are rarely focused on carbonate sediments,although these account for about 40%of the continental shelf area.Thus,the regulation mechanisms of the N dynamics in the carbonate sands of coral reefs are not clear.Taking the coral reef area of Weizhou Island,which has a relatively high N concentration,as the research object,we conducted a series of flow-through reactor experiments to investigate the fluxes of different N forms at the interface of sediment and seawater and their regulation mechanism by environmental factors.The fluxes of dissolved inorganic and organic N(DIN and DON)at different stations were-0.39-0.12 mmol/(m^(2)·h) and-0.18-0.39 mmol/(m^(2)·h),respectively.Denitrification(0.11-0.25 mmol/(m^(2)·h) was closely coupled to nitrification,which was limited by the availability of organic matter and its degradation product(i.e.,NH_(4)^(+)).Thus,the excessive NO_(3)^(-) might be reduced to NH4+by dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium,rather than to N_(2) by denitrification.NO_(3)^(-) reduction peaked at intermediate advection rates(96 L/(m^(2)·h)) and flow path lengths(10 cm),but the release of DON also peaked at the same condition.In addition,climate warming would significantly affect sedimentary N dynamics at Weizhou Island.These results may help address the broader issue of the N cycle in coral reef eco systems under the dual pressure of climate warming and anthropogenic activities,and these results are beneficial to coral reef protection and local ecological management.

关键词： nitrogen dynamics sediments coral reefs Weizhou Island

Precise U-series dating of coral reefs from the South China Sea and the high sea level during the Holocene

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Precise U-series dating of coral reefs from the South China ...

Precise U-series Dating of coral reefs from the South China Sea and the High Sea Level during the Holocene

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2002学术年会

作者： Z.B.Ma~a,J.L.Xiao~a,X.T.Zhao~a Z.C.Peng~b,M.Xia~a, G.P.Zhang~c,Z.R.Wang~b,and Z.S.An~d a.Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China b.Department of Earth and Space Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China c.Institute of Remote Sensing Application,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China d.Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710054,China

coral reefs formed along the southern coast of Hainan Island are one of the most developed Holocene fringing reefs in China.We present new precise

关键词： South China Sea Holocene coral reefs TIMS dating sea-level changes

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Precise U-series Dating of Coral Reefs from the South China ...

Global-Scale Diversity and Distribution Characteristics of Reef-Associated Symbiodiniaceae via the Cluster-Based Parsimony of Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Sequences

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2003学术年会

作者： Z.B.Ma+,J.L.Xiao+,X.T.Zhao+,Z.C.Peng++,M.Xia+, G.P.Zhang§,Z.R.Wang++,and Z.S.An+ +Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029,China ++Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026,China§Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101,China +Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an 710054,China

coral reefs formed along the southern coast of Hainan Island are one of the most developed Holocene fringing reefs in China.We present new precise Th ages of coral reefs collected from the Shuiweiling section in the southern coast of the Hainan Island,Dengloujiao in the southwest of the Leizhou Peninsula,and the Chenhang Island and Jinyin Island of the Xisha(Paracel) Islands in the South China Sea.Using the high-precision U-series dates and stratigraphic evidence,the timing and character of the sea-level variations of the middle-Holocene in study region are examined: The results show that a flourishing period of coral reef flats in the South China Sea and along its northern coasts appeared in ca.6800 to 5800 a BP.which is 650 to 950 years earlier than the previous C dates(6150-4850 a).The sea level relative to the nor thern coasts of South China Sea was 3 to 4 m or more higher than that of the present during this period.

关键词： South China Sea Holocene coral reefs TIMS dating sea-level changes

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2021年第2期20卷 296-306页

作者： GONG Sanqiang CHAI Guangjun SUN Wei ZHANG Fengli YU Kefu LI Zhiyong Marine Biotechnology Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyGuangzhou 510301China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China coral Reef Research Center of China Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

Photosynthetic species belonging to Symbiodiniaceae play important ecological roles in coral reef ecosystems. Nine phylogenetically supported Symbiodiniaceae clades(each containing multiple genetically distinct molecular types) have been detected in reef-associated animals and in seawater or sediments near coral reef areas. Although major advances in research on Symbiodiniaceae diversity have been made, information on the global-scale diversity and distribution characteristics of Symbiodiniaceae clades/types is still limited or must be expanded because most studies on Symbiodiniaceae have mainly focused on a limited number of hosts associated with Symbiodiniaceae or coral reef areas. Here, the diversity and distribution characteristics of Symbiodiniaceae data derived from reef-associated animals and seawater or sediments near coral reef areas were analyzed using 3899 qualified Symbiodiniaceae internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2) sequences retrieved from the GenBank database in May 2017. These sequences were annotated as Symbiodiniaceae ITS2 types via sequence alignment against database of Symbiodiniaceae ITS2 types. Results showed that photosynthetic Symbiodiniaceae ITS2 sequences could be annotated as 119 Symbiodiniaceae ITS2 types within nine clades(A–I), and Symbiodiniaceae ITS2 types mainly inhabited coral reefs between 30?N and 30?S. Symbiodiniaceae ITS2 types could be associated with multiple host taxa. Interestingly, these results implied that the distribution of Symbiodiniaceae ITS2 types was distinct in the Atlantic Ocean, the Red Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Although future field research should be performed to verify our results, this study provided a broad perspective of the diversity of Symbiodiniaceae clades/types on a global scale.

关键词： Symbiodiniaceae diversity reef-dwelling animals coral reefs global scale

Spatio-temporal Variations of Sea Surface Wind in coral Reef Regions over the South China Sea from 1988 to 2017

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Chinese Geographical Science 2021年第3期31卷 522-538页

作者： HE Xin CHEN Zhenghua LU Yongqiang ZHANG Wei YU Kefu School of Marine Sciences Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of coral reefs in the South China Sea Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

The seasonal and interannual variabilities of sea surface wind(SSW)in the South China Sea(SCS),especially in coral reef regions such as Nansha Islands,Xisha Islands,Zhongsha Islands and Dongsha Islands were investigated in detail using the Blended Sea Winds dataset(1988-2017).Annual and monthly variations of SSW and sea surface temperature(SST)in the four zones were investigated.Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF)analysis of wind field was performed to aid in better understanding the different spatial patterns.The results indicate that,as observed in the spatial distribution of the first mode of monthly mean wind speed anomaly,the mag-nitudes in the four island zones are all negative and are similar to each other,showing that the variations of SSW in the four island zones are consistent.In the second mode,the magnitudes in Nansha Islands are opposite to those in the other three zones.The spatial distribution of the third mode reflects regional differences.The maximum annual SSW appears in Dongsha Islands,and the minimum appears in Nansha Islands.The interannual variations of SSW in all island zones are basically concurrent.The island zones with high SSW mostly have low SST,and vice versa.There may be an inverse relationship between SSW and SST in coral reef regions in the SCS.The multiyear monthly variations of SSW in the island zones present a'W'-shaped structural variation.Each island undergoes two months of minimum SSW every year,one during March-May(MAM)and the other during September-November(SON).Both months are in mon-soon transition periods.During the months with low SSW,high SST appears.The SST peaks almost correspond to the SSW troughs.This further indicates that SSW and SST may have opposite changes in coral reef regions.coral bleaching events often correspond to years of high SST and low SSW.

关键词： sea surface wind(SSW) Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) monsoon coral reefs South China Sea(SCS)

Survey of reefs based on Landsat 8 operational land imager(OLI)images in the Nansha Islands, South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第10期35卷 11-19页

作者： DUAN Yuewei LIU Yongxue LI Manchun ZHOU Minxi YANG Yuhao Department of Geographic Information Science Nanjing University Collaborative Innovation Center for the South China Sea Studies Nanjing University

A detailed survey of the reefs in the Nansha Islands＇ sea that are of strategic importance is conducive to their future development. In this study, a total of 50 Landsat 8 operational land imager（OLI） images were used to analyze the geological features and spectral characteristics of the Nansha reefs. The exposed islands/sandbanks,reef flats and sub-tidal reefs were identified with the near-infrared band, the red and green bands, and the blue band, respectively. Based on the relationships among various characteristics and bands illustrated in the OLI images, the maximum between-cluster variance threshold algorithm（OTSU method） and the mathematical morphology were employed to extract characteristic parameters of the spatial geometry of the reefs from top to bottom, which were subsequently operated by a series of post-processing methods such as vectorization,simplification and topological analysis. Among the 132 standalone reefs and 16 atolls that are identified in the study, four reefs have yet to be named in the Standard Names of Various Islands in the South China Sea and the website Nansha Islands Online（http：//***/）. Another 24 ones are exposed to the atmosphere even during high tides. Taiping Island with an area of 0.57 km^2 represents the largest exposed geological feature. This study demonstrated the applicability of medium-resolution satellite images to derive the coral reef information effectively and thus provided information for the related departments that are responsible to manage the coast.An improved resolution of multispectral bands with the panchromatic band in higher spatial resolution（15 m for OLI image） is expected to provide an optimum satellite based approach to map marine habitats.

关键词： remote sensing coral reefs OLI imagery Nansha Islands

The　research　on　the　remote　sensing＇s　information　tree　model　of　the　Nansha　coral　islets　and　reef＇s　spatial　structure

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1996年第3期15卷 331-344页

作者： Liu Baoyin Wang Yanfeng and Hao Qingxiang(First institute of beanography, State ￣ic Administration, Qingdso 266003, China Naming University, Naming 210008, China) First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266003 China Nanjing University Nanjing 210008 China

Based on the Nansha coral islets and reef's time-space attributes,and the intension and extension of the remote sensing information, the concept model and concept system of coral islets and reef are proposed.Then twin-tree remote sensing information model for different kinds of reef is constructed by using abstracted islets and reef's primitive, and the structure recognition system for coral islets and reef type is developed.

关键词： Nansha Islands coral reefs remote sensing information tree concept model primitive

Assessing potential protection effects on commercial fish species in a Cuban MPA

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2020年第5期5卷 234-244页

作者： Barbara Horta e Costa Jorge Angulo-Valdés Jorge M.S.Gonçalves Pedro Barros Center of Marine Sciences CCMARUniversity of AlgarveCampus de GambelasFaro8005-139Portugal Centro de Investigaciones Marinas Universidad de La HabanaCalle 16 No.114PayaLa HabanaCP 11300Cuba School of Natural Resources and Environment University of FloridaUnited States of America103 Black HallGainesvilleFL32611USA Centre for Marine and Environmental Research(CIMA) University of AlgarveCampus de GambelasFaro8005-139Portugal Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Marine and Inland Fisheries Branch(FIRF)Rome00153Italy

Cuba has been leading marine protected area(MPA)designation in the Caribbean region to ensure conservation of its valuable marine ecosystems.Yet,an efficient monitoring program for MPAs is still to be implemented and will benefit from pre-existing information.The highly regulated MPA of Punta Francés National Park is one of the first Cuban MPAs and was established mainly to protect species and ecosystems for tourism purposes.Monitoring of protection effects on commercial fish species was lacking in this MPA.This study aimed at increasing local scientific knowledge by providing a baseline study about the most commercially fished families(Haemulidae,Lutjanidae and Serranidae)around Punta Francés MPA.Data collected represent only a limited period but can be used as a base point to support future monitoring.Fish abundance in number and biomass,and size were collected to test for differences between inside and adjacent areas outside the Punta Francés MPA,in different coral reef types.The main result of this study was the significantly larger size and biomass of snappers and groupers outside the MPA where intense fisheries occur.An observation consistent with a large spawning aggregation was also recorded outside the MPA.Even with a limited set of data,these results suggest that,at least temporarily,the most targeted species[and sizes]are still highly vulnerable to fisheries.Relevant habitats in the adjacent area,that are apparently missing within the MPA,may support some of the results found.Extending the limits of the Punta Francés MPA to include those habitats outside may be critical to ensure the effectiveness of this MPA in contributing to protect the most commercial species of the region.This should be done together with efficient fisheries management measures in the region,such as the significantly increase of minimum legal sizes and temporal closures during spawning migrations.

关键词： Cuba Marine protected areas Commercial fish species Spawning aggregations Artisanal fisheries coral reefs