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Ozone Emitted During copying Process-A Potential Cause of Pathological Oxidative Stress and Potential Oxidative Damage in the Bodies of Operators

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2003年第2期16卷 95-104页

作者： JUN-FUZHOU WEI-WEICHEN GUI-ZHONGTONG TheSecondAffiliatedHospital CollegeofMedicineZhejiangUniversity88JiefangRoadHangzhou310009ZhejiangChina ZhejiangProvincialHealthandEpidemicPreventionStation 17LaozhedazhiRoadHangzhou310009ZhejiangChina

To estimate the impact of copying on the indoor air quality, and to investigate whether ozone emitted during such a process induces pathological oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in the bodies of operators. Methods 67 copying operators (CO) and 67 healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled in a random control study, in which levels of lipoperoxide (LPO) in plasma and erythrocytes, and levels of vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and b-carotene (b-CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Results Compared with the HV group, the average values of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CO group were significantly increased (Pcopying sites and duration of exposure to ozone, the values of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the bodies of operators were gradually increased,while those of VC, VE, b-CAR, SOD, CAT and GPX were decreased in the same manner. Odds ratio (OR) of risk of biochemical parameters reflecting potential oxidative damage of the copying operators ranged from 4.440 to 13.516, and 95 % CI of OR was from 2.113 to 34.061. Reliability coefficient () of the biochemical parameters used to reflect the potential oxidative damage of the operators was 0.8156, standardized item =0.9929, P<0.0001. Conclusion Findings in the present study suggest that there exist a series of free radical chain reactions and pathological oxidative stress induced by high dose ozone in the operators, thereby causing potential oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in their bodies.

关键词： Ozone Oxidation Lipoperoxidation Antioxidant Antioxidase Oxidative stress Oxidative damage copying copying operators Copier

New Zealand Tells Australia:Stop“copying”Our Flag

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高中生之友 2018年第23期 13-14页

作者：邹丽萍江西省新建二中

在新澳关系的敏感期,新西兰代总理控诉澳大利亚抄袭新西兰国旗并呼吁澳大利亚设计自己的国旗。尽管两国国旗有相似之处,但新西兰的国旗要比澳大利亚的更早被采用,而且新西兰曾举行过一次全民公投来改变国旗的设计,最终还是保留了现有的... 详细信息

在新澳关系的敏感期,新西兰代总理控诉澳大利亚抄袭新西兰国旗并呼吁澳大利亚设计自己的国旗。尽管两国国旗有相似之处,但新西兰的国旗要比澳大利亚的更早被采用,而且新西兰曾举行过一次全民公投来改变国旗的设计,最终还是保留了现有的设计。

关键词：新西兰澳大利亚全民公投 copying New Zealand Tells Australia:Stop Our Flag

Social learning in nest-building birds watching live-streaming video demonstrators

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 204-213页

作者： Lauren M.GUILLETTE Susan D.HEALY School of Biology University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeUK

Determining the role that social learning plays in construction behaviors,such as nest building or tool manufacture,could be improved if more experimental control could be gained over the exact public information that is provided by the demonstrator,to the observing individual.Using video playback allows the experimenter to choose what information is provided but will only be useful in determining the role of social learning if observers attend to,and learn from,videos in a manner that is similar to live demonstration.The goal of the current experiment was to test whether live-streamed video presentations of nest building by zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata would lead observers to copy the material choice demonstrated to them.Here,males that had not previously built a nest were given an initial preference test between materials of 2 colors.Those observers then watched live-stream footage of a familiar demonstrator building a nest with material of the color that the observer did not prefer.After this experience,observers were given the chance to build a nest with materials of the 2 colors.Although two-thirds of the observer males preferred material of the demonstrated color after viewing the demonstrator build a nest with material of that color more than they had previously,their preference for the demonstrated material was not as strong as that of observers that had viewed live demonstrator builders in a previous experiment.Our results suggest researchers should proceed with caution before using video demonstration in tests of social learning.

关键词： construction behavior copying nest social learning video playback zebra finch

Role of conspecifics and personal experience on behavioral avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 447-455页

作者： Bertrand Fouks Emily G. Robb H. Michael G. Lattorff lnstitut fur Biologie Molekulare Okologie Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Hoher Weg Halle (Saale) Germany Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway Microbes and Pathogens Biology The Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast United Kingdom lnternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) Nairobi Kenya German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz Leipzig Germany

Pollinators use multiple cues whilst foraging in eluding direct cues from flowers and in direct cues from other pollinators. The use of indirect social cues is common in social in sects, such as honeybees and bumblebees, where a social environment facilitates the ability to use such cues. Bumblebees use cues to forage on flowers according to previous foraging experiences. Flowers are an essential food source for pollinators but also pose a high risk of parasite infection through the shared use of flowers leading to parasite spillover. Nevertheless, bumblebees have evolved behavioral defense mechanisms to limit parasite infection by avoiding contaminated flowers. Mechanisms underlying the avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees are poorly understood. Bumblebees were recorded having the choice to forage on non-contaminated flowers and flowers contaminated by a trypan osome gut parasite, Crithidia bombi. The use of different treatments with presence or absence of con specifics on both con taminated and non-contami nated flowers allowed to investigate the role of social visual cues on their pathogen avoidance behavior. Bumblebees are expected to use social visual cues to avoid contaminated flowers. Our study reveals that the presence of a con specific on flowers either con taminated or not does not help bumblebee foragers avoiding contaminated flowers. Nevertheless, bumblebees whereas gaining experie nee tend to avoid their con specific when placed on contami nated flower and copy it whe n on the non-contami nated flower. Our experime nt suggests a detrime ntal impact of floral see nt on disease avoidanee behavior.

关键词： Host-parasite in teractions social learning pollinators inadvertent social information behavioral immunity copying behavior

Why Can We Copy Classical Information？

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第1期28卷 30-31页

作者： SHEN Yao Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences and Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology Tsinghlza University Beijing 100084

It is pointed out that the noneloning theorem in quantum mechanics also holds for unknown state in linear classical physics. The apparent capability of copying of a classical state is essentially the capability of perfect measurement in classical physics. The difference in copying- between quantum and classical physics is the difference in measurement between the two theories. A classical copying process is the combined action of measurement of an unknown state and the preparation of this state onto another system. Hence perfect measurability in classical physics enables the copying of a classical state.

关键词： QUANTUM theory MECHANICS (Physics) INFORMATION theory copying PHYSICAL sciences PHYSICAL measurements

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民俗的影视整合及审美价值