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Alleviation of copper toxicity to Maize by Phosphorus Fertilizer in Purple Soil

Pedosphere 1997年第3期7卷 281-288页

作者： WANGZHENGYIN CHENYUCHENG CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment SouthwestAgriculturalUniversityChongqing630716（China） CollegeofRes

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphorus fertilizer in inhibiting the copper toxicity to maize(Zea mays L.) in neutral purple soil. Results indicated that the growth of the shoot and roots of maize plant was obviously reduced by copper and the height and biomass were significantly negatively correlated to the application levels of copper (r=-0.899**^-0.994**) at no P and low P (100 mg kg-1).However, the maize biomass was relatively increased and the high Cu (100 and 200 mg kg-1) induced toxicity of maize was greatly alleviated in all treatments with medium P (300 mg kg-1) and high P (500 mg kg-1).To maintain the normal growth of maize plant (≥3.68 g pot-1), the critical application rates of phosphorus fertilizer should be 160, 210, 300 and 500 mg P kg-1 at 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg Cu kg-1 levels of the soil,respectively. The increases in polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities in maize leaf and dehydrogenase activity in roots by phosphorus fertilizer were in the order of medium p>high p>low p>no P. Activities of polyphenol oxidase and catalase were significantly positively correlated to the application levels of copper (r=0.892**~0.924**), whereas that of dehydrogenase was just reverse (r=-0.966**) at no P. Medium and high P repressed the influence of copper on activities of three enzymes. Phosphorus fertilizer reduced the copper concentrations of maize roots and leaf and the change ranges of the P/Cu ratio of maize roots and the P/Cu, N/Cu and K/Cu ratios of maize leaf. The three ratios of maize leaf were 256±71.5, 2643±839 and 1133±440 at normal growth of maize plant, respectively. Soil available Cu could be markedly cut down by application of phosphorus fertilizer, especiallly at high phosphorus level.

关键词： copper toxicity maize phosphorus fertilizer purple soil repression

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Effect of copper toxicity on Lymphoid Organs in Ducklings

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2004年第3期3卷 224-233页

作者： CUIHeng-min CHENHuai-tao PENGXi YANGGuang DENGJun-liang LIDe-bing CollegeofAnimalScienceandVeterinaryMedicine SichuanAgriculturalUniversityYa′an625014P.R.China AnimalMedicalCollege GansuAgriculturalUniversityLanzhou730070P.R.China

one-day-old Tianfu meat ducklings were divided into three groups, and fed on dietsas follows:(1)control (Cu 12.16 mg kg-1),(2) copper toxicⅠ(Cu 850 mg kg-1) and (3)copper toxicⅡ( Cu 1050 mg kg-1) for studies on effects of copper toxicity on lymphoidorgans in duckling with the methods of experimental pathology and flow cytometry (FCM).The weight and growth index of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were markedlyreduced (Pcopper toxic groupⅠand Cu toxic group Ⅱ whencompared with control group. The G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle of the thymus, spleen andbursa of Fabricius was much higher, and S, G2+M phases lower in Cu toxic groupsⅠand Ⅱthan in the control group. There were lymphocyte degeneration and depletion of lymphoidorgans, and the reticular cells of spleen and bursa of Fabricius proliferated and thereticular cells of thymus were also degenerate and necrotic in Cu toxic groups. Theresults demonstrated that Cu toxicity seriously impaired the progression of lymphocytesfrom the G0/G1 phase to S phase, inhibited the development of lymphoid organs and causedmarked pathological injury in lymphoid organs. The results also showed that the effectof Cu toxicity on the primary lymphoid organs occurred stronger than on the secondarylymphoid organs. The effect of Cu toxicity was the greatest on the bursa of Fabricius,followed by the thymus, and then the spleen. Potential mechanisms underlying aforementionedobservation were also discussed.

关键词： copper toxicity Lesion Cell cycle Lymphoid organ Duckling

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Effect of copper toxicity on Lymphoid Organs in Broilers

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第3期4卷 224-229页

作者： CUIHeng-min YANGGuang PENGXi DENGJun-liang LIDe-bing CollegeofAnimalScienceandVeterinaryMedicine SichuanAgriculturalUniversityYa＇an625014P.R.China

The experiment was conducted to examine the effect of copper toxicity on lymphoid organs by experimental pathology andflow cytometry (FCM). 180 one-day-old Avian broilers were divided into three groups, and fed diets as follows: 1) Control(Cu 11.97 mg kg-1 diet), 2) Cu- toxic groupⅠ(Cu 650 mg kg-1) and 3) Cu- toxic groupⅡ(Cu 850 mg kg-1) for six *** with the control, the growth index of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were markedly reduced (Ptoxicity seriously impaired the progression of lymphocytes from the G0/G1 phase to the Sphase, inhibited the growth and development of lymphoid organs.

关键词： copper toxicity Growth index Cell cycle Lymphoid organ Broiler

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Science Letters:Gama-aminobiityric acid accumulation in Elsholtzia splendens in response to copper toxicity

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第2期6卷 96-99页

作者：杨肖娥彭红云田生科 Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health School of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

A solution with different Cu supply levels was cultured to investigate gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accumulating plant species. Increasing Cu from 0.25 to 500 ?mol/L significantly enhanced levels of GABA and histidine (His), but considerably decreased levels of aspartate (Asp) and glutamate (Glu) in the leaves. The leaf Asp level negatively correlated with leaf Cu level, while leaf GABA level positively correlated with leaf Cu level. The leaf Glu level negatively correlated with leaf GABA level in Elsholtzia splendens. The depletion of leaf Glu may be related to the enhanced synthesis ofleafGABA under Cu stress.

关键词： Accumulation copper toxicity Elsholtzia splendens Gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

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Effects of copper on the Photosynthesis and Oxidative Metabolism of Amaranthus tricolor Seedlings

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2007年第10期6卷 1182-1192页

作者： KEShi-sheng School of Life Sciences Taizhou University Linhai 317000 P. R. China

The objective of the present study was to gain better insight into the physiological mechanisms on the effects of copper （Cu） on photosynthesis and active oxygen metabolism in three-colored amaranth plant （Amaranthus tricolor）. Three- colored amaranth seedlings were subjected to different Cu levels in soils during the entire experimental period. The parameters of growth, photosynthesis, mineral elements contents, and active oxygen metabolism were investigated using plant physiological methods. The results showed that 2.0 and 4.0 mmol Cu kg^-1 treatments decreased the whole plant biomass to 91 and 73% of the control, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and the stomatal conductance （gs） were similarly reduced in the third leaves of three-colored amaranth seedlings treated with 2.0 and 4.0 mmol Cu kg^-1 soil, respectively. None of the investigated Cu levels decreased the internal CO2 concentration （Ci）. The effect of Cu on the potential efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ （Fv/Fm） was negligible, whereas the effect of Cu on the PS Ⅱ quantum efficiency （ΦPS Ⅱ） after plant adaptation in actinic irradiation was more noticeable. On the other hand, decreases in water percentage, contents of photosynthetic pigments and mineral elements including Fe, K, and Mg, and significant increase in the Cu content were observed in the third leaves of Cu-treated plants. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） activities as well as the proline （Pro） content significantly increased in the third leaves of the three-colored amaranth seedlings treated with 2.0 and 4.0 mmol Cu kg^-1 soil, while catalase （CAT） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） activities as well as the contents of carotenoid （Car）, glutathione （GSH）, and ascorbic acid （AsA） decreased, and accompanied by the increases in the contents of hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, superoxide anion （O2^-）, and malondialdehyde （MDA）, and electrolyte leakage. As a result of the imbalance of active oxygen metabolism, Pn and ΦPS Ⅱ decreased, and

关键词： copper toxicity growth photosynthesis active oxygen metabolism three-coloured amaranth plants (Amaranthus tricolor)

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Reversible lesions in the brain parenchyma in Wilson's disease confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging:earlier administration of chelating therapy can reduce the damage to the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第21期9卷 1912-1916页

作者： Dusko B.Kozic Igor Petrovic Marina Svetel Tatjana Pekmezovic Aleksandar Ragaji Vladimir S.Kostic Diagnostic Imaging Center Institute of OncologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Novi SadPut Doktora Goldmana 421204 Sremska KamenicaSerbia Institute of Neurology Clinical Centre of Serbia School of MedicineUniversity of BelgradeDr Subotica 611000BelgradeSerbia Institute of Epidemiology School of MedicineUniversity of BelgradeDr Subotica 611000BelgradeSerbia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the resolution of brain lesions in patients with Wilson’s disease during the long-term chelating therapy using magnetic resonance imaging and a possible signiifcance of the time latency between the initial symptoms of the disease and the introduction of this therapy. Initial magnetic resonance examination was performed in 37 patients with proven neurological form of Wilson’s disease with cerebellar, parkinsonian and dystonic presentation. Magnetic resonance reexamination was done 5.7 ± 1.3 years later in 14 patients. Patients were divided into： group A, where chelating therapy was initiated 〈 24 months from the ifrst symp-toms and group B, where the therapy started≥ 24 months after the initial symptoms. Symmetry of the lesions was seen in 100% of patients. There was a signiifcant difference between groups A and B regarding complete resolution of brain stem and putaminal lesions （P= 0.005 andP=0.024, respectively）. If the correct diagnosis and adequate treatment are not established less than 24 months after onset of the symptoms, irreversible lesions in the brain parenchyma could be ex-pected. Signal abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging might therefore, at least in the early stages, represent reversible myelinolisis or cytotoxic edema associated with copper toxicity.

关键词： nerve regeneration Wilson’s disease diagnostic imaging chelating therapy magnetic resonance imaging delayed diagnosis metabolic disorders copper toxicity hepatic encephalopathy pontine myelinolysis cirrhosis neural regeneration

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