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State of the art and computational aspects of time-dependent waiting models for non-signalised intersections

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第6期7卷 808-831页

作者： Raffaele Mauro Andrea Pompigna Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of TrentoTrento 38123Italy

Time-dependent models are of great importance in highway engineering as they are appropriate for evaluating waiting times and queue lengths at intersections,which are integral parts of various activities in planning,verification and decision support for *** reviewing the literature of the main time-dependent models based on the coordinate transformation method and a discussion about some computational issues in time-evolution profiles for non-signalised intersections,the paper identifies the requirements these models have to satisfy in order to be used as"basic"cases for analysing complex evolutionary ***"basic"cases are presented with their timedependent equations for vehicle waiting times and vehicle number;they have been completed and dimensionally homogenised in this *** they are recursive,these formulas can be applied for sequential intervals in the time domain in both vehicles and passenger car *** closed-form expressions for state variables show to be mutually equivalent in comparison with discrete event simulation models and imbedded Markov chain *** all the three models the paper presents a common deterministic simplification for average waiting time,with good approximation results in the tested *** proposed time-dependent formulas will contribute to a better adherence to the real phenomena,compared to the extremely simplified and unrealistic methods suggested by the international manuals for level of service *** proposed formulas will be useful for current applications and possible future development in order to meet the emerging needs of road and transport engineering.

关键词： Traffic engineering Priority system Non-signalised intersections Time-dependent queue model Shared queue delay coordinate transformation method

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A multi-class time-dependent model for the analysis of waiting phenomena at a motorway tollgate

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2021年第2期8卷 237-256页

作者： Andrea Pompigna Raffaele Mauro Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of TrentoTrento 38123Italy

The planning, design and operational management of motorway toll booths are of great interest in traffic engineering, as these facilities directly influence the quality of the service offered to users. This paper focuses on a time-dependent queue model based on the coordinates transformation criterion for operations assessment at a motorway tollgate. This model allows to face the whole spectrum of situations that may characterize a toll booth,some of which often fall outside the boundaries of the probabilistic theory for stationary *** paper proposes an M=G=1 multi-class queue model for the evaluation of evolutionary profiles of waiting times and queue lengths by closed-form equations. The results obtained for three numerical test cases show a good approximation level, compared with the mean values of queue parameters obtained reiterating a discrete-state simulation *** proposed time-dependent equations will be useful in technical cases, allowing to operate quickly and compactly even when probabilistic queue theory is not applicable or produce unrealistic results, and the burden of complexity of the simulation approach is not conveniently absorbable. The discussion highlights a significant flexibility of the model proposed in addressing situations with conventional vehicles, i.e., with total human control and proposes some considerations for application in future scenarios with the presence of connected vehicles(CVs).

关键词： Traffic engineering Time-dependent queue model Shared queue coordinate transformation method Tollgate

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A Second Order Finite-Difference Ghost-Point method for Elasticity Problems on Unbounded Domains with Applications to Volcanology

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第9期16卷 983-1009页

作者： Armando Coco Gilda Currenti Ciro Del Negro Giovanni Russo Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali Universita di Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly. Bristol University Queens RoadBristol BS81RJUnited Kingdom. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Italy. Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica Universita di CataniaCataniaItaly

We propose a finite-difference ghost-point approach for the numerical solution of Cauchy-Navier equations in linear elasticity problems on arbitrary unbounded *** technique is based on a smooth coordinate transformation,which maps an unbounded domain into a unit *** geometries are defined by suitable level-set *** equations are discretized by classical nine-point stencil on interior points,while boundary conditions and high order reconstructions are used to define the field variables at ghost-points,which are grid nodes external to the domain with a neighbor inside the *** linear system arising from such discretization is solved by a multigrid *** approach is then applied to solve elasticity problems in volcanology for computing the displacement caused by pressure *** method is suitable to treat problems in which the geometry of the source often changes(explore the effects of different scenarios,or solve inverse problems in which the geometry itself is part of the unknown),since it does not require complex re-meshing when the geometry is *** numerical tests are successfully performed,which asses the effectiveness of the present approach.

关键词： Linear elasticity Cauchy-Navier equations ground deformation unbounded domain coordinate transformation method Cartesian grid ghost points level-set methods multigrid.

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