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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第4期18卷 1099-1109页

作者： Gunawan Widjaja Mohaimen Al-Thamir Farshid Mehran Lis M.Yapanto Irina N.Fardeeva Alim Al Ayub Ahmed Supat Chupradit V.A.Kukushkina Oleg R.Kuzichkin Universitas Krisnadwipayana Senior Lecturer Faculty of Public Health Universitas IndonesiaFaculty of Law Universitas KrisnadwipayanaJawa Barat13077Indonesia Scientific Research Center Al-Ayen UniversityThi-Qar64001Iraq Islamic Azad University Jolfa International BranchJolfa***Iran Departement of Aquatic Management Faculty of Fisheries and Marine ScienceUniversitas Negeri GorontaloGorontalo96128Indonesia Kazan Federal University Kazan420008Russia School of Accounting Jiujiang UniversityJiujiang33200China Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty of Associated Medical SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand Lipetsk State Technical University Lipetsk398600Russia Department of Information and Robototechnic systems Belgorod State UniversityBelgorod308015Russia

In this study,structural theory was used to examine the geometric configuration of channels embedded inside an object in the presence of internal heat generation for cooling by a heat transfer mechanism.The growth and development of gas transmission lines and the lack of up-to-date integrated information systems have made the design and maintenance of pipelines,as well as the handling of problems caused by various accidents in the pipeline,very complex in many cases.Using accurate descriptive and spatial information in tolls on gas transmission line maps such as pipes,booster stations,valves,and forks in a spatial reference database can engage planners,operators,and paramedics in a variety of management.They are used to help in the direction of optimal and purposeful management.Therefore,in this paper,by considering appropriate laboratory conditions and numerical experiments and calculations,it is possible to determine the optimal attraction of duct holes for cooling components of the gas transmission system,so that the industry can produce and developed gas transmission without incident.In this study,in addition to studying the geometric characteristics of channel spacing and their length,the dimensions of a specific channel for reducing the maximum produced temperature are also discussed.

关键词： cooling component duct hole gas transmission line pipeline cooling system

cooling phenomena in blast furnace hearth

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2018年第10期25卷 1010-1016页

作者： Ke-xin Jiao Jian-liang Zhang Zheng-jian Liu Yong Deng Chun-lin Chen School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China CSIRO Mineral Resources Clayton South VIC 3169 Australia State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

cooling water provides the best protection for refractory in the blast furnace hearth. Stable and suitable water quality and abundant cooling water are the basis for long service life of the hearth. Some phenomena about cooling system in the commercial blast furnaces were described, and reasonable explanations of these phenomena were analyzed. The results show that increasing the amount of cooling water and reducing the inlet temperature of cooling water can increase the cooling effect significantly in the case of water scaling. Heat flux in the blast furnace hearth is the average heat flux of cooling stave, and the erosion of carbon brick is uneven. There is no direct connection between the actual erosion condition and the heat flux in the hearth. The change trend of thermocouple temperature and heat flux in the hearth can reflect whether the gaps exist among the bricks or not, providing an effective guidance for industrial production and the evaluation of safety state in the hearth. And, the film boiling will not occur in the normal cooling system in the blast furnace hearth.

关键词： Blast furnace hearth cooling system Heat flux - Film boiling - Scale deposit Air gap

Flow characteristics in a rotor-stator cavity with cooling air inlet at low radius

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航空动力学报 2015年第4期30卷 775-783页

作者： CAI Xu LUO Xiang ZHAO Xi XUGuo-qiang CAI Jun National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-thermodynamics School of Energy and Power Engineering Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Beijing 100191 China Dalian Airforce Department of Information Network Communicaiton Non-Commissioned Office Academy Dalian Liaoning 116600 China Guizhou Aero-Engine Research Institute Aviation Industry Corporation of China Guiyang 550081 China

Experiments were conducted on a typical rotor-stator system where air entered through an annular slot at low radius and flowed out of the cavity axially through a rim seal between the rotor and the stator.For the seal in this rotor-stator system,the stationary shroud overlapped the rotating one.Pressure distributions at the stator surface and flow resistance coefficients of the rotor-stator cavity with a maximum gap of 67mm were measured under different dimensionless mass flow rates from 1.32×104 to 4.87×104 with a large range of rotational Reynolds numbers from 0.418×106 to 2.484×106.The results show that pressure on the stator surface decreases with the increase of rotational Reynolds number when the dimensionless mass flow rate is below 1.3×104;when the dimensionless mass flow rate is above 3.034×104,the trend reverses.This is the so-called"pressure inversion effect".However,dimensionless pressure does not show the same changes when rotational dynamic pressure is chosen as the denominator.The resistance coefficient of the rotor-stator cavity is determined by the dimensionless mass flow rate and rotational Reynolds number;for practical application,the resistance coefficient can also be estimated by the turbulent flow parameter in the range of turbulent parameter from 0.1to 1.6.

关键词： cooling system rotor-stator system flow characteristics pressure distribution resistance coefficient

Thermal-Hydraulic system Study of the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) Test Blanket Module (TBM) for ITER Using system Code RELAP5

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Plasma Science and Technology 2005年第2期7卷 2753-2757页

作者：金雪舟 R.Meyder Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Institute for Reactor Safety P.O. Box 3640D-76021 KarlsruheGermany

The HCPB concept has been a European DEMO reference concept for nearly one decade. Detailed thermal-hydraulic study on the control behavior of the whole system is one of the important parts of this development. The thermal-hydraulic effect of the TBM-combined cooling circuit during a cyclic operation in ITER has been studied using the system code RELAP5. The RELAP5 is based on an one-dimensional, transient two-fluid model for the flow of a two-phase steam-water mixture that can contain noncondensable components like Helium. The RELAP5models are modified to take the cyclic operation of the circulator, heat, exchanger, bypass, valves etc in to account. A sequence of operational phases is investigated, starting from the cold state through the heating phase that brings the system to a stand-by condition, followed by typical power cycles applied in ITER. The results show that the implemented control mechanisms keep the inlet temperature to the TBM and the total mass flow rate at the required values through all phases.

关键词： test blanket module helium cooled pebble bed RELAP5 cooling system

Effect of the Cool system on Internal Stress of CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 Glass-ceramic system

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2007年第4期22卷 760-763页

作者：何峰 Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education(Wuhan University of Technology)

The samples were attained through altering the cooling system of producing glass-ceramics. The X-ray diffraction was used to test the stress value of different samples. The relation of the cooling system and internal stress were also investigated. The experimental results show that the stress of glass-ceramic had a close relation with starting cool temperature. Above 800 ~C, glass-ceramic could be accelerated cooling and did not bring stress. Temperature between 500 ℃ and 800℃ was an important temperature range of the formation of stress in glass-ceramic, in which the glass-ceramic stress would change obviously. Cool system was the key on how to control and eliminate internal stress in order to reduce the destroy of materials crated by internal stress. In addition, glass particles size increase, glass-ceramic stress increase in consequent.

关键词： CaO-Al203-SiO2 system glass-ceramic internal stress cooling system

Improved Safety for Automotive Lithium Batteries:An Innovative Approach to include an Emergency cooling Element

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2014年第2期4卷 197-207页

作者： Peter Kritzer Harry Doring Brita Emermacher Advanced Product Engineering Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH&Co.KGWeinheimGermany Electrochemical Energy Technologies Zentrum für Sonnenergie und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-WürttembergUlmGermany

This paper describes a concept for an independent and redundant safety concept for Lithium batteries in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles. This concept includes an emergency cooling system based on pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2). Since carbon dioxide (CO2) is a possible medium of future mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems, the MAC system can be utilized for the one-time emergency cooling described in this paper. In the first part of the paper, some major safety aspects of automotive Li batteries are highlighted. In the second section, the paper describes a technical approach, how these batteries can be made safer. Pressurized CO2, which is a promising candidate for cooling liquids used in future mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems, is used to effectively cool down an overheating or up-heating battery in a critical state. The safety system thereby is not based on an electrical effect, but on a direct and fast-reacting thermal conduction, avoiding a thermal runaway of individual cells. The application of the proposed system is to act preventively just before the thermal runaway gets uncontrollable. In this case, the limited amount of CO2, which is available in the MAC system, fulfils the emergency cooling requirements. The combination of standard car components for the concept leads to an only moderate increase of the total weight and the additional system costs. Therefore, the described system might be of interest for car, battery and air conditioning system producers. This paper explains that the synergetic combination of CO2-based MAC systems and Li-based batteries is an innovative approach to improve environmental compatibility in future vehicles. The concept is proven experimentally on a lab scale with battery cells and battery packs consisting of four serially connected cells, respectively.

关键词： Lithium Batteries Safety Electric Vehicle(EV) Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV) cooling system Air Conditioning system Safety Thermal Runaway

The Effect of Nitrogen Gas cooling Which Is Used in Aluminium Extrusion Mold on Production Efficiency

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2021年第4期10卷 414-421页

作者： Merve Ozcan Cemal Ozsut Oguzhan Deveci Gulbahar Bentesen Zahit Alüminyum San. ve Tic. A.Ş . Adana Turkey

It is aimed to investigate the efficiency of nitrogen gas cooling which is used in aluminium extrusion mold in this study. The exit temperature of extrusion profile increases depending on heat generated by friction and forming. This situation can cause to surface defects such as hot cracks and grain thickening after extrusion process. cooling of the mold has a critical role in terms of dissipating heat close to the forming zone. Local internal cooling experiments were performed in the hot aluminium extrusion mold within the scope of this study. It has been obtained that exit temperature of the aluminium extrusion profile can be significantly reduced in experimental results. Also it was found that the reduction of press time (s) and increase of press speed (mm/s). This paper focuses the effect of nitrogen gas cooling on extrusion mold for process efficiency. The extrusion parameters were performed for comparative analysis. Its obtained that process ensures efficiency.

关键词： Aluminium Extrusion Mold cooling system Production Efficiency

Numerical Simulation of Injection Molding cooling Process Based on 3D Surface Model

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Computer Aided Drafting,Design and Manufacturing 2004年第2期14卷 64-70页

作者： CUIShu-biao ZHOUHua-min LIDe-qun StateKeyLaboratoryofPlasticFormingSimulationandDie＆MouldTechnology HuazhongUniversityofScience＆TechnologyWuhan430074China

The design of the cooling system of injection molds directly affects both productivity and the quality of the final part. Using the cooling process CAE system to instruct the mold design, the efficiency and quality of design can be improved greatly. At the same time, it is helpful to confirm the cooling system structure and optimize the process conditions. In this paper, the 3D surface model of mold cavity is used to replace the middle-plane model in the simulation by Boundary Element Method, which break the bottleneck of the application of the injection molding simulation softwares base on the middle-plane model. With the improvements of this paper, a practical and commercial simulation software of injection molding cooling process named as HsCAE3D6.0 is developed.

关键词： injection molding cooling system numerical simulation 3D surface model Boundary Element Method

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超导CICC导体性能试验装置

低温物理学报 2001年第2期23卷 155-160页

作者：王福堂武玉陈强高秉钧陈敬林丁立人王胜陈治友张勇孙洪奎中科院等离子体物理所!合肥230031

一个测试CICC超导电缆性能的磁体试验装置已在中科院等离子体所建成 .该装置包括一个 5T - 138mm口径的长均匀区背场超导磁体、一对可产生 10T/s磁场变化率的脉冲超导磁体 ,以及人工超临界氦系统 ,它可以将高压室温氦气通过冷却变成可... 详细信息

一个测试CICC超导电缆性能的磁体试验装置已在中科院等离子体所建成 .该装置包括一个 5T - 138mm口径的长均匀区背场超导磁体、一对可产生 10T/s磁场变化率的脉冲超导磁体 ,以及人工超临界氦系统 ,它可以将高压室温氦气通过冷却变成可以冷却超导CICC导体的超临界氦 .该装置能完全模拟环流器中迫流冷却式超导磁体导体所受到的诸如极向场磁体放电和等离子体破裂诸种强扰动的环境 ,测试CICC导体的性能 .本文详细介绍了装置各部分参数和低温实验中测到的性能 .

关键词：超导磁体导体 operating condition 试验装置等离子体超临界氦 cooling system 电缆性能迫流冷却低温实验测试中科院体放电全模拟强扰动极向场环流器变化率系统室温