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An Investigation into the Relationship between Surface rain Rate and rain Depth over Southeast Asia

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第1期30卷 142-152页

作者：胡亮李耀东邓涤菲 National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Aviation Meteorological Institute

The relationship between surface rain rate and depth of rain system （rain depth） over Southeast Asia is examined using 10-yr Tropical rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） precipitation radar （PR） measurements. Results show that, in general, a large surface rain rate is associated with a deep precipitating system, but a deep rain system may not always correspond with a large surface rain rate. This feature has a regional characteristic, convective rain develops more frequently over land than over the ocean, while stratiform rain can extend to higher altitudes over the ocean than over land. A light surface rain rate has the largest probability to occur, regardless of rain depth. A convective rain system is more likely associated with a stronger surface rain rate than a stratiform rain system. Results show that precipitation systems involve complex microphysical processes. rain depth is just one characteristic of precipitation. A linear relationship between surface rain rate and rain depth does not exist. Both deep convective and stratiform rain systems have reflectivity profiles that can be divided into three sections. The main difference in their profiles is at higher levels, from 4.5 km up to 19 km. For shallow stratiform rain systems, a two-section refiectivity profile mainly exists, while for convective systems a three-section profile is more common.

关键词： TRMM rain depth convective rain stratiform rain

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Diurnal Variability of Precipitation Depth Over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Surrounding Regions

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第1期27卷 115-122页

作者：胡亮 Song YANG 李耀东高守亭 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 I. M. Systems Group at NOAA/NESDIS Camp Springs MD Beijing Aviation Meteorological Institute Beijing 100085

The diurnal variability of precipitation depth over the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions is investigated using nine years of Tropical rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） precipitation radar （PR） measurements. The Tibetan Plateau, the plains area, and the East China Sea are selected as the focus regions in this study. The average precipitation depths （PD） are about 4.6 km, 5.8 km, and 5.6 km, while convective （stratiform） PDs are about 6.6 （4.5） km, 7.5 （5.7） km, and 6.0 （5.6） km over the plateau, the plains, and the ocean region, respectively. Results demonstrate a prominent PD diurnal cycle, and its diurnal phase is generally a few hours behind the surface precipitation. The spatial variation of the PD diurnal magnitude is weaker near the coastal areas than that of surface precipitation. The height of the PD diurnal peak is around 6 7 km for convective systems and 5-6 km for stratifrom systems. The dominant afternoon diurnal peak for convective PD and the flat diurnal peak for stratiform PD over the Tibetan Plateau indicate that solar diurnal forcing is the key mechanism of the PD diurnal cycle over land. In addition, the diurnal variation is obvious for shallow and deep convective systems, but not for shallow and deep stratiform systems.

关键词： precipitation depth diurnal variability total rain convective rain stratiform rain

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Understanding the Variability of Z-R Relationships Caused by Natural Variations in raindrop Size Distributions(DSD):Implication of Drop Size and Number

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2011年第3期1卷 147-164页

作者： Abe D.Ochou Eric-Pascal Zahiri Bakary Bamba Manlandon Koffi Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphere et Mecanique des fluides(LAPA-MF) Universite de Cocody-AbidjanAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Institut National Polytechnique Houphouet-Boigny YamoussoukroCote d’Ivoire

In the issue of rainfall estimation by radar through the necessary relationship between radar reflectivity Z and rain rate R (Z-R), the main limitation is attributed to the variability of this relationship. Indeed, several pre-vious studies have shown the great variability of this relationship in space and time, from a rainfall event to another and even within a single rainfall event. Recent studies have shown that the variability of raindrop size distributions and thereby Z-R relationships is therefore, more the result of complex dynamic, thermody-namic and microphysical processes within rainfall systems than a convective/stratiform classification of the ground rainfall signature. The raindrop number and size at ground being the resultant of various processes mentioned above, a suitable approach would be to analyze their variability in relation to that of Z-R relation-ship. In this study, we investigated the total raindrop concentration number NT and the median volume di-ameter D0 used in numerous studies, and have shown that the combination of these two ‘observed’ parame-ters appears to be an interesting approach to better understand the variability of the Z-R relationships in the rainfall events, without assuming a certain analytical raindrop size distribution model (exponential, gamma, or log-normal). The present study is based on the analysis of disdrometer data collected at different seasons and places in Africa, and aims to show the degree of the raindrop size and number implication in regard to the Z-R relationships variability.

关键词： raindrop Size Distribution Radar Reflectivity Factor rain Rate Median Volume Diameter Total Number of Drops Per Unit Volume Z-R Relationship convective rain Stratiform rain Squall Lines Thunderstorm

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