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Introduction of Manganese Oxide into Carbon Nanotubes for the Potential Applications as a contrast medium

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沈阳建筑大学学报（自然科学版） 2010年第6期26卷 1151-1154页

作者：佟钰 School of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu University

Manganese compound with evident toxicity is widely employed as the contrast medium for clinicalexaminations such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).In the present work,a feasible way with the applica-tion of vacuum impregnation and rotary evaporation was proposed to introduce manganese chloride hydrate intothe inner cavities of template - synthesized carbon nanotubes(CNTs),and then a process of alkali treatmentwas used to liberate the loaded CNTs from the *** is notable that the alkali attack in the presence ofresidual oxygen also resulted in a series of changes in chemical compositions of guest substances,and the ulti-mate compound of manganese was found to be manganese oxide(Mn3O4) by X-ray diffraction and transmissionelectron *** of energy dispersive spectrum under scanning electron microscopy showeda high-content filling(more than 50 wt%) of Mn3O4 in the loaded *** work developed a feasible andconvenient way for the encapsulation of guest substances to reduce bio-toxic effects.

关键词： carbon nanotube(CNT) manganese oxide template synthesis filling contrast medium

Prevention Strategies of contrast medium Induced Nephropathy (CIN): A Review of the Current Literature

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2016年第3期6卷 98-110页

作者： Marco Di Serafino Rosa Severino Carmen Scavone Matilde Gioioso Valeria Coppola Raffaela Brigida Francesco Lisanti Rosario Rocca Enrico Scarano Radiology Department San Carlo Hospital Potenza Italy Emergency Department San Carlo Hospital Potenza Italy

contrast medium induced nephropathy is the third most common cause of renal failure for inpatients and represents the 10% of all acute kidney injury occurring during hospital-stay. It is associated with prolonged hospitalization, cost increase and, above all, an unfavourable short- and long-term prognosis. Here, the authors discuss about the contrast medium induced nephropathy prevention strategies, from the identification of patients at risk and drugs potentially nephrotoxic, to the hydration with possible administration of drugs that appeared to be, in some contexts, nephron-protective, and finally we analyze the radiological procedure aimed at the correct choice of type and administration modality of the contrast medium according to current literature.

关键词： contrast medium Acute Kidney Injury Hydration

Differentiation between malignant and benign nodules in the liver: Use of contrast C^3-MODE technology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第16期11卷 2402-2407页

作者： Bao-MingLuo Yan-LingWen Hai-YunYang HuiZhi BingOu Jian-HongMa Jing-ShengPan Xiao-NingDai DepartmentofUltrasound theSecondAffiliatedHospitalSunYat-SenUniversity107YanjiangxiRoadGuangzhou510120GuangdongProvinceChina

AIM: To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology in differentiating malignant nodules of liver from the benign ones. METHODS: Forty-six nodules in 36 patients (29 men and 7 women) were studied by contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology and contrast-enhanced CT in 1 wk before the biopsy or operation. A low MI monitor and a high MI flash imaging were intermittently performed. After the injection of contrast agent, the period from 10 to 30 s and the time later than 100 s were respectively defined as early arterial phase and the late phase. The vascularities of the liver nodules in the two phases were combined for differential diagnosis. Corresponding to the pathological diagnosis, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology were compared to those of contrast-enhanced CT. RESULTS: By C3-MODE technology, 33 of the 46 liver nodules were demonstrated as defected area in the late phase and were diagnosed as malignant tumors. Of them, 28 with hypervascularity in the early arterial phase were assessed as hepatocellular carcinoma, the other five nodules with rim-like enhancement in the early arterial phase were diagnosed as metastatic tumors. Thirteen nodules were shown as iso or hypervascularity in the late phase as well as centripetal filling in the early arterial phase and we made a diagnosis of hemangioma. Corresponding to the pathological results, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology in differentiating malignant and benign nodules in the liver were 97.0%, 92.3% and 95.7%, respectively. With comparison to those of contrast CT (sensitivity, 94.1%; specificity, 91.7%; accuracy, 93.5%), the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: contrast-enhanced C3-MODE technology can effectively differentiate malignant liver tumors from the benign nodules. It highly agrees diagnostically with the pathology. We suggest that it provides a new approach for differential diagnosis of liver n

关键词： contrast medium Harmonic imaging Hepatic nodule Ultrasound

Hemodynamic and morphologic changes of peripheral hepatic vasculature in cirrhotic liver disease: A preliminary study using contrast-enhanced coded phase inversion harmonic ultrasonography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第40期11卷 6348-6353页

作者： Rong-Qin Zheng Bo Zhang Masatoshi Kudo Yasuhiro Sakaguchi Department of Ultrasound theThird Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou510630 Guangdong Province China Department ofGastroenterology and Hepatology Kinki University School of Medicine Osaka-Sayama Japan

AIM: To provide the useful information for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by observing the morphology of peripheral hepatic vessels and the hemodynamics of microbubble arrival time in these ***: Twenty-one subjects including 5 normal volunteers and 16 patients (liver cirrhosis, n=10;chronic hepatitis, n=6) were studied by contrast-enhanced coded phase inversion harmonic sonography (GE LOGIQ9 series) using a 6-8 MHz convex-arrayed wide-band transducer. The images of peripheral hepatic artery,portal and hepatic vein were observed in real-time for about 2 min after intravenous injection of Levovist. The time when microbubbles appeared in the peripheral vessels (microbubble arrival time) was also recorded. The morphologic changes of peripheral hepatic vasculature were classified as marked, slight, and no changes based on the regularity in caliber, course, ramification, and the delineation of vessels compared to normal ***: The microbubble arrival time at peripheral artery, portal, and hepatic vein was shorter in cirrhotic patients than in chronic hepatitis patients and normal subjects. The marked, slight and no morphologic changes of peripheral hepatic vasculature found in 5 (5/6,83.3%), 1 (1/6, 16.7% ), and 0 (0/6, 0%) liver cirrhosis patients, respectively, and in 1 (1/10, 10%), 6 (6/10,60%), and 3 (3/10, 30%) chronic hepatitis patients,respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.001).CONCLUSION: Evaluation of the hemodynamics and morphology of peripheral hepatic vasculature by contrast-enhanced coded pulse inversion harmonic sonography can provide useful information for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.

关键词： contrast medium Sonography Livercirrhosis Hemodynamics

Biliary cystadenocarcinoma diagnosed with real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasonography:Report of a case with diagnostic features

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第1期16卷 131-135页

作者： Ren, Xiao-Long Yan, Rui-Ling Yu, Xiao-Hui Zheng, Ying Liu, Jun-E Hou, Xiao-Bin Zuo, Si-Yang Fu, Xiao-Yan Chang, Hong Lu, Jian-Hong Gen Hosp Lanzhou Mil Area Command Dept Ultrasonog Lanzhou 730050 Gansu Peoples R China

Biliary cystadenocarcinoma is a very rare malignant cystic tumor of the liver,which is often misdiagnosed due to a poor recognition of *** report a case of a 60-year-old man with biliary cystadenocarcinoma with his real time contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)characteristics compared to those of computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),which were correlated with the surgical and pathologic *** wall enhancement,internal septations and intra-cystic solid portions in the arterial phase were observed on CEUS after contrast agent *** enhancement was washed out progressively and depicted as hypo-enhancement in the portal and late *** revealed a large irregular cystic lesion in the left liver lobe with no clear septations and solid *** showed an irregular cystic occupying lesion with septations.

关键词： Biliary cystadenocarcinoma Cystic neoplasm Hepatic disease contrast medium Ultrasonography

Pulmonary Sequestration: Three Dimensional Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR Angiography and MRI

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2001年第4期21卷 345-348页

作者：徐海波姜冬玲孔祥泉熊茵刘定西柳曦邓先波 Department of Radiology Xiehe Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan

In order to evaluate the diagnostic value of three dimentional contrast enhanced MR angiography and MRI for pulmonary sequestration, 5 patients with pulmonary sequestration underwent 3D fast imaging by steady state precession (FISP) with a contrast medium and breath holding following chest radiography, CT and MR scans. The reconstructed MR angiography was performed using maximum intensity projection (MIP) and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) techniques. It was found that the chest radiography showed pulmonary sequestration as a persistent area of opacity in the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe, which was close to mediastinum in 2 cases and close to diaphragma in 3 cases. CT revealed a soft issue mass beyond descending aorta and lobar emphysema around the pulmonary sequestration. And the supplying vessel was documented in 2 cases on enhanced CT. MRI demonstrated a hyperintensity mass with respect to normal lung parenchyma on T1WI and T2WI, and the origin of the supplying vessel in 3 cases. The reconstructed CE MRA using MIP or MRP techniques clearly showed the supplying vessel and its course, branches as well as draining vessels. It was concluded that 3D CE MRA of demonstrating the supplying and draining vessels to pulmonary sequestration, together with plain MRI, can provide a diagnosis and aid in surgical planning without the need for DSA.

关键词： pulmonary sequestration magnetic resonance angiography contrast medium magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic susceptibility of Dy-DTPA-BMA to reperfused myocardial infarction in an excised dog heart model: evidence of viable myocardium

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Chinese Medical Journal 2000年第3期113卷 68-72页

作者：赵世华 Department of Radiology Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital CAMS & PUMC Beijing 100037 China.

Objective To assess the effects of Dy DTPA BMA (sprodiamide) on ex vivo MR imaging of reperfused acute myocardial infarction Methods Eighteen dogs were subjected to 2 hour coronary artery occlusion followed by 24 hour reperfusion Dysprosium chelate (Dy DTPA BMA) was injected into 16 dogs Twenty minutes before their sacrifice Two dogs did not receive the contrast medium and were used as controls Excised hearts were imaged on T2 weighted spin echo sequence (T2W SE) and T2 * weighted gradient recalled echo sequence (T2 *W GRE), then sectioned and double perfused for planimetric comparison Results Dy DTPA BMA induced myocardial signal loss was detected on T2W SE and on T2 *W GRE images The signal loss was observed at the subendocardial location of the myocardial wall inducing an apparent enlargement of the left ventricle cavity and a thinning appearance of the anterior myocardial wall Conclusions Myocyte necrosis diminishes the potency of dysprosium to cause MR imaging signal intensity loss in reperfused myocardial infarction Pre infarcted myocardium with potentially reversible viability may be responsible for the effect of the contrast medium

关键词： reperfused myocardial infarction magnetic resonance imaging contrast medium myocardial cell viability

Prevention of iodinated contrast-induced nephropathy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第23期124卷 4079-4082页

作者： LI Jian-hua HE Neng-shu College of Postgraduate Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070 China

Objective To lessen the occurrence of contrast-induced nephropathy （CIN）, the preventive measures of CIN were reviewed. Data sources The data used in this review were from PubMed with relevant English articles and from Chinese Knowledge Information （CNKI） published from 1989 to 2009. The search terms were ＂contrast medium＂, ＂contrast-induced nephropathy＂ and ＂prevention＂. Articles involved in prevention of CIN were selected. Study selection CIN is the third most common cause of acute kidney injury and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The best treatment is prophylaxis because CIN can not be reversed or ameliorated. Results Thirty articles were included. Among various preventive measures, pericatheterization hydration is almost universally accepted as an appropriate and safe measure to prevent CIN, although there is no agreement as to composition, amount, and timing of hydration. Based on the use of concomitant nephrotoxic agents or high doses of contrast medium （CM） is one of risk factors for CIN, discontinuation of potentially nephrotoxic drugs 2-3 days before and after the procedure until renal function recover, and using the lowest possible dose of CM can decrease the risk of CIN. It is promising that removing the majority of CM from the coronary sinus, before it enters the systemic circulation, during coronary angiography can reduce the risk for CIN in animal studies and in limited clinical trials. Inconsistent data exist with respect to application of some vasodilators （endothelin antagonists and adenosine antagonists） and antioxidants （N-acetylcysteine and statins） in preventing CIN in high-risk patients, and new vasodilators and antioxidants continue to be tested. Conclusions Pericatheterization hydration, discontinuation of nephrotoxic drugs, and using the lowest possible dose of CM are effective measures to lessen the risk for CIN. Other prophylactic strategies and some drugs are promising, but further confirmation is required.

关键词： contrast medium contrast-induced nephropathy prevention

The internalization pathway,metabolic fate and biological effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the macrophage-like RAW264.7 cell

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2011年第9期54卷 793-805页

作者： GU JingLi XU HaiFei HAN YeHua DAI Wei HAO Wei WANG Chun Yu GU Ning XU HaiYan CAO JiMin Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China Center of Electromicroscope Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China Department of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China

The potential applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （SPIONs） in several nanomedical fields have attract- ed intense interest based on the cell-nano interaction. However, the mechanisms underlying cell uptake, the intracellular trail, final fate and the biological effects of SPIONs have not yet been clearly elucidated. Here, we showed that multiple endocytic pathways were involved in the internalization process of SPIONs in the RAW264.7 macrophage. The internalized SPIONs were biocompatible and used three different metabolic pathways： The SPIONs were distributed to daughter cells during mito- sis; they were degraded in the lysosome and free iron was released into the intracellular iron metabolic pool; and, the intact SPIONs were potentially exocytosed out of the cells. The internalized SPIONs did not induce cell damage hut affected iron metabolism, inducing the upregulation of ferritin light chain at both the mRNA and protein levels and ferroportin 1 at the mRNA level. These results may contribute to the development of nanobiology and to the safe use of SPIONs in medicine when administered as a contrast medium or a drug delivery tool.

关键词： iron oxide nanoparticles contrast medium macrophage endocytosis iron metabolism