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conjunctival flora in anophthalmic patients: microbiological spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第5期12卷 765-773页

作者： Alvaro Toribio Teresa Marrodán Isabel Fernández-Natal Honorina Martínez-Blanco Leandro Rodríguez-Aparicio Miguel á.Ferrero Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of León Department of Clinical Microbiology University Hospital of León Department of Molecular Biology University of León

AIM: To identify the spectrum and susceptibility pattern of isolated microorganisms from conjunctival flora of anophthalmic ***: A cross-sectional clinical study including 60 patients with unilateral anophthalmia. Patients with use of antibiotic drops in their socket during the last month were also included. From each patient, three microbiological samples were taken from the lower conjunctival sac(healthy eye, pre-prosthesis, and retro-prosthesis space of socket). The 180 samples obtained were cultured. Isolates were identified and their antibiotic sensitivities were ***: A total of 251 isolates were recovered(62 isolates from healthy eye, 93 from pre-prosthesis, and 96 from retro-prosthesis space). The most common organism was Staphylococcus epidermidis, in both healthy eyes(64.5%) and sockets(45.5%). Altogether, coagulasepositive Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for less than 15% of isolates in healthy eyes and more than 35% in sockets. Regarding the antibiotic sensitivities, there were no significant differences between isolates from sockets and healthy eyes. Nine patients recognized the use of self-prescribed antibiotic drops in their socket. In the healthy eyes of these subjects, Gram-positive microorganisms showed significantly greater resistance to aminoglycosides and ***: Sockets of anophthalmic patients show a greater number of pathogens compared to healthy *** use of antibiotic drops in the socket promotes a resistant flora not only in the socket but also in the healthy eye. Quinolones and macrolides may be better therapeutic options than aminoglycosides for treating conjunctivitis of anophthalmic sockets, since these antibiotics are less active against Staphylococcus epidermidis.

关键词： socket ocular prosthesis antibiotic resistance microflora conjunctival dysbiosis

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The protective effect of zeaxanthin on human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells against UV-induced cell death and oxidative stress

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第3期12卷 369-374页

作者： Yue Huang Chun Shi Jing Li Department of Ophthalmology Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology Xinhua Hospital Chong Ming Branch Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology Jiangwan Hospital of Hongkou District

AIM: To explore the protective effect of zeaxanthin on human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells against UVradiation and excessive oxidative ***: Human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells were isolated from cadaver and cultured in vitro. They were challenged with UVB radiation and H2 O2 with and without zeaxanthin pretreatment. Cell viability, p38 and c-JUN NH(2)-terminal kinase(JNK) phosphorylation, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion and malondialdehyde(MDA) content were ***: Zeaxanthin had no measurable cytotoxicity on limbal or conjunctival epithelial cells when used at concentrations of 5 μg/mL and below. At 30 mJ/cm2 UVB, the pretreatment of zeaxanthin increased the percentage of live cells from 50% to 69%(P=0.01) and from 66% to 75%(P=0.05) for limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells, respectively. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in the culture medium reduced to 66%(for IL-6 and MCP-1)and 56%(for IL-8) of the levels without zeaxanthin. This was accompanied by reduced p38 and JNK protein phosphorylation. Pretreatment of zeaxanthin also reduced intracellular MDA content caused by H2 O2 stimulation from 0.86 μmol/L to 0.52 μmol/L(P=0.02) in limbal epithelial cells and from 0.96 μmol/L to 0.56 μmol/L in conjunctival epithelial cells(P=0.03). However, zeaxanthin did nothave significant effect on H2 O2-induced cell death in limbal or conjunctival epithelial ***: Zeaxanthin is an effective reagent in reducing the detrimental effect of UV-radiation and oxidative stress on ocular surface epithelial cells.

关键词： zeaxanthin UV-radiation oxidative stress malondialdehyde limbal epithelial cells conjunctival epithelial cells

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conjunctival cytological examination,bacteriological culture,and antimicrobial resistance profiles of healthy Mediterranean buffaloes(Bubalus bubalis) from Southern Italy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第11期5卷 889-895页

作者： Barbara Lamagna Maria Pia Pasolini Sandra Nizza Karina Mallardo Maurizio Formicola Alessandro Costagliola Gerardo Fatone Filomena Fiorito Orlando Paciello Luisa De Martino Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production University of Naples Federico II

Objective: To assess normal conjunctival cytological and bacteriological/fungal flora features in the Mediterranean buffalo(Bubalus bubalis).Methods: Swabs were taken from the inferior conjunctival sac of both eyes of 57 healthy female buffaloes aged 24–36 months, with no evidence of ocular disease, farmed in Campania region(Southern Italy), for microbiological analysis. conjunctival eye specimens of both eyes were subsequently obtained by a cyto-brush, for cytological *** antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates was also determined using the diskdiffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar ***: Cytological examination of conjunctival swab specimens(114 eyes) revealed epithelial cells(basal, intermediate, columnar and super ficial) in all samples, whereas neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells were present in 70%, 10% and 2% of samples,respectively. Microorganisms, for a total of 261 aerobic bacteria and 6 fungi, were isolated from 112/114 conjunctival samples [98.25%; 95% con fidence interval(CI): 93.18–99.70]. Only two conjunctival swabs did not yield bacteria and/or fungi(2/114, 1.75%;95% CI: 0.30–6.82). Gram-positive aerobes were most commonly cultured(181/261,69.35%; 95% CI: 63.31–74.81), with Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus lentus predominating. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated as Gram-negative bacteria(80/261, 30.65%; 95% CI: 25.19–36.69). The antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolated bacteria showed amoxycillin/clavulanic acid and cephalothin as the least sensitive antibiotics for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative ***: These results provided first information on normal conjunctival ocular micro flora and cytological features in Mediterranean buffalo.

关键词： Mediterranean buffalo conjunctival cytological exa

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Pseudopemphigoid as caused by topical drugs and pemphigus disease

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World Journal of Ophthalmology 2015年第1期5卷 1-15页

作者： Laura C Huang James R Wong Javier Alonso-Llamazares Carlos H Nousari Victor L Perez Guillermo Amescua Carol L Karp Anat Galor Department of Ophthalmology Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136United States Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Miami Veterans Administration Medical CenterMiamiFL 33136United States Institute for Immunofluorescence Pompano BeachFL 33069United States Ameripath/Quest South Florida Pompano BeachFL 33069United States Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136United States Department of Ophthalmology Miami Veterans Administration Medical CenterMiamiFL 33136United States

Pseudopemphigoid can cause a chronic cicatricial conjunctivitis that is clinically identical to the manifestations seen in mucous membrane pemphigoid, a disorder with a common clinical phenotype and multiple autoimmune links. For the purpose of this review, we will describe pseudopemphigoid as caused by topical drugs, the most common etiology with ocular manifestations, and as caused by the pemphigus disease, a more rare etiology. Specifically, we will discuss the ophthalmological features of drug-induced cicatricial conjunctivitis, pemphigus vulgaris, and paraneoplastic pemphigus. Other etiologies of pseudopemphigoid exist that will not be described in this review including autoimmune or inflammatory conditions such as lichen planus, sarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis(Wegener's granulomatosis), erythema multiforme(minor, major, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome), bullous pemphigoid, skin-dominated linear IgA bullous dermatosis, and skin-dominated epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Prompt diagnosis of the underlying etiology in pseudopemphigoid is paramount to the patient's outcome as certain diseases are associated with a more severe clinical course, increased ocular involvement, and differential response to treatment. A completehistory and ocular examination may find early cicatricial changes in the conjunctiva that are important to note and evaluate to avoid progression to more severe disease manifestations. When such cicatricial changes are noted, proper diagnostic techniques are needed to help elucidate a diagnosis. Lastly, collaboration between ophthalmologists and subspecialists such as dermatologists, pathologists, immunologists, and others involved in the care of the patient is needed to ensure optimal management of disease.

关键词： Pseudopemphigoid Mucous membrane pemphigoid Cicatricial conjunctivitis Pemphigus vulgaris Paraneoplastic pemphigus Drug-induced conjunctival cicatrization

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Impact of Ocular Compression on Ocular Surface Bacterial Contamination

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第9期4卷 375-377页

作者： Amir Reza Daneshmand Eslami Nikolai M. Sergienko Ivan P. Bilko Department of Microbiology and Epidemiology National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Kiev Ukraine Department of Ophthalmology National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Kiev Ukraine

Background: To study the impact of preoperative ocular compression on bacterial contamination of the lid margin and conjunctival sac. Methods: This study evaluated 106 eyes from 106 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Preoperatively, all of the patients received one drop of 0.5% levofloxacin eye drops 5 times per day for 4 days. The patients were divided into 2 groups after receiving retrobulbar anaesthesia. The study group (75 eyes) received 15 ± 2 minutes of ocular compression, and the control group (31 eyes) remained with their eyes closed for 15 ± 2 minutes without the application of ocular compression or digital massage. Following the device removal (study group only) and the opening of the eyes, bacterial cultures were taken from the lid margin and conjunctival sac. Results: The lid margin was positive for bacteria in 23 eyes (30.7%) in the study group vs. 3 eyes (9.7%) in the control group (P = 0.0223), and the conjunctival sac was positive for bacteria in 16 eyes (21.3%) in the study group vs. 5 eyes (16.1%) in the control group (P = 0.5409). Conclusion: Preoperative ocular compression is associated with the release of meibomian gland secretions and bacterial contamination of the eyelid edges.

关键词： Bacteria conjunctival Sac Endophthalmitis Lid Margin Ocular Compression

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