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Water-sensitive damage mechanism and the injection water source optimization of low permeability sandy conglomerate reservoirs

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2019年第6期46卷 1218-1230页

作者： WANG Lei ZHANG Hui PENG Xiaodong WANG Panrong ZHAO Nan CHU Shasha WANG Xinguang KONG Linghui China National Offshore Oil Corporation(China)LTD.(Zhanjiang Branch) Zhanjiang 524057China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

The global mobility theory was used to evaluate the experimental results of oil displacement with water of different *** results of scanning electron microscopy,X diffraction of clay minerals,nonlinear seepage and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and particle migration inhibition experiments before and after water flooding were compared to determine the mechanisms of water sensitive damage and enhanced water flooding mechanism of low permeability sandy conglomerate reservoirs in Wushi region of Beibuwan Basin,China.A production equation of the oil-water two phase flow well considering low-speed non-Darcy seepage and reservoir stress sensitivity was established to evaluate the effect of changes in reservoir properties and oil-water two-phase seepage capacity on reservoir productivity quantitatively,and injection water source suitable for the low permeability sandy conglomerate reservoirs in Wushi region was selected according to dynamic compatibility experimental results of different types of injected *** seepage capacity of reservoir is the strongest when the injected water is formation water of 2 times *** water-sensitive damage mechanisms of the reservoirs in Wushi region include hydration of clay minerals and particle *** increasing the content of cations(especially K+and Mg2+)in the injected water,the water-sensitive damage of the reservoir can be effectively *** formation water of Weizhou Formation can be used as the injection water source of low permeability sandy conglomerate reservoirs in the Wushi region.

关键词： Beibuwan Basin low permeability reservoir sandy conglomerate reservoir water-sensitive damage enhanced water flooding effective driving coefficient global mobility water flooding

Pore Structure Characterization of Clay Minerals in the Lower Karamay Formation conglomerate Reservoir in the Junggar Basin and its Impact on Hydrocarbon Storage and Seepage

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第2期95卷 558-569页

作者： Taskyn ABITKAZY DU Shuheng XU Feng SHI Yongmin School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Co. Ltd.CNPCBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The micro-nano pore structure of conglomerate in the Lower Karamay Formation of the Xinjiang Oilfield,Junggar Basin,northern China is characterized to predict its impact on fluid reserves and *** clay minerals are mainly kaolinite(67%),followed by an illite/smectite mixed layer(18%),illite(10%),and chlorite(5%).For kaolinite,pore throats between 0–200 nm are dominant,accounting for 90%of the total pore *** illite/smectite mixed layer,pore throats also between 0–200 nm account for nearly 80%,while pore throats between 200-500 nm only account for 15%.For illite,pore throats below 100 nm account for about 80%,while pore throats in the range of 100–500 nm only account for 20%.For chlorite,most throats are below 200 *** pore roundness of illite is the highest,while the pore roundness of chlorite is relatively *** lower limits of the dynamic and static pore throat radii are 42.128 nm and 72.42 nm,*** theoretical contribution rates of the illite/smectite mixed layer,kaolinite,illite and chlorite to storage/seepage are 60%/45.86%,52.72%/38.18%,37.07%/28.78%and 32.97%/26.3%,***,the contribution rates of clay minerals in the study area are as follows:illite/smectite mixed layer,kaolinite,illite and chlorite.

关键词： oil conglomerate clay minerals micro-nano pore reservoir characterization Triassic Xinjiang

Lithological and environmental controls on large tafoni along conglomerate cliffs in subtropic humid Danxiashan UNESCO Global Geopark

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第5期18卷 1131-1143页

作者： CHEN Xin CHEN Liu-qin ZHANG Yan-hong DU Ding-ding HU Hai-ping LIU Dong-xing LI Wen-zhuo State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China School of Earth Sciences East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China

Tafoni are a type of cavernous weathering features widespread in different climate zones around the world,but their origin has not been fully *** attention was paid on tafoni in *** UNESCO Global Geopark,located within the subtropic humid region of South China,has a landscape of large tafoni that occur on cliffs of red *** the Dinosaur Rock and Pagoda Peak of the geopark were selected to investigate the formation mechanisms of tafoni in *** the field investigation,the size,rock hardness,and the external and internal meteorology of tafoni were measured and *** texture and composition of rock samples were observed,and the ion chromatography experiments were performed as *** show that tafoni have well ellipsoidal *** of the conglomerates are largely sub-rounded and poorly sorted,and the cement is dominantly composed of calcite and iron *** hardness of the lips is almost equal to that of the columns,and both are slightly higher than the *** with the external intense environmental changes,the interior of the tafoni is characterized by smaller temperature and relative humidity ranges and windless ***,the porous and permeable conglomerates provide favorable lithology for tafoni development,and the micro-environment within the caverns is conducive to improving water utilization efficiency and enhancing salt *** salts mainly consist of sulfates and nitrates,which might be derived from frequent raining,water evaporation and red beds as ***,tafoni are the result of the synergistic effects by multiple factors,rather than a single mechanism.

关键词： Tafoni conglomerate Salt weathering Danxia landscape Mt.Danxiashan

Experimental Study of the Main Influencing Factors in Mechanical Properties of conglomerate

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Earthquake Research in China 2020年第3期34卷 430-451页

作者： ZHOU Bo GE Hongkui ZHOU Wei WANG Jianbo HAO Hongyong WANG Xiaoqiong LIU Pengyu Research Institute of Experiment and Detection of Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay 834000China Xinjiang Laboratory of Petroleum Reserve in conglomerate Karamay 834000China Unconventional Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China China University of Petroleum-Beijing At Karamay Karamay 834000China

In recent years,with the success of exploration and development of conglomerate reservoirs in Mahu Depression,Junggar Basin,China,it is urgent to study the mechanical properties and its influencing factors of conglomerate which is considered as a new oil and gas *** on the investigations of petrologic characteristics,heterogeneity and mechanical properties of conglomerate in Baikouquan formation,the content and geometric characteristics of gravel in conglomerate,the main factors in heterogeneity and the mechanical behavior in the triaxial compression experiment of conglomerate are analyzed in this *** results show that the size and content of gravel in conglomerate varies greatly,and conglomerate has strong heterogeneity under the influence of gravel content and *** analysis of mechanical properties of conglomerate shows that conglomerate is characterized by ***,the sphericity is negatively correlated to the gravel content,while the heterogeneity increases with the increase of conglomerate *** to the existence of heterogeneous gravel,local stress may concentrate in conglomerate when the stress is ***,a large number of micro-cracks appear at the edge of gravel,demonstrating the strong plasticity of *** paper is of referential significance to the study of rock mechanical properties and the evaluation of engineering properties in conglomerate development.

关键词： conglomerate Petrological characteristics Heterogeneity Mechanical properties Plasticity

基于conglomerate的核心网域(站)确定方法

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情报杂志 2007年第2期26卷 74-76页

作者：袁毅中国矿业大学文法学院徐州221008

介绍了conglomerate概念,推导了基于conglomerate概念的核心集构建方法,并将这一方法应用于核心网域的测定,最后对该方法存在的问题进行了剖析,提出了改进的办法。

关键词：核心网域核心网站评价 conglomerate 构建方法

Assessment of Radiological Hazards of Sedimentary, Igneous and Sediments Natural Rocks

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2024年第2期14卷 131-145页

作者： Wafaa Arafa Hala Mahmoud Eman Yousf Ashry Ashry Ibrahim Elaassy Ahmed Elsersy Faculty of Women Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Nuclear Material Authority Cairo Egypt Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt National Institute of Standard Giza Egypt

Gamma-ray spectroscopy based on a 100% efficiency hyper-pure germanium detector was used to evaluate the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K natural radionuclides in sedimentary, conglomerate, igneous and sedi-ments rock samples collected from four different locations in Eastern desert in Egypt. The obtained activity concentrations are used to evaluate the radi-ological hazards indices, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent in air, radium equivalent, external and internal hazard index, radiation level index, annual gonadal dose equivalent, excess lifetime cancer risk and expo-sure rate. The results show that 1) the absorbed dose rate depends on the rock type, 2) the annual effective dose equivalent in air in 71% of sample below 20 mSvy-1 (permissible limit for workers), 3) the conglomerate rocks show low radioactivity level, 4) sedimentary rocks are rich in radium while igneous rocks are rich in thorium and the sediments rocks are rich in both radium and thorium.

关键词： Gamma Spectrometry Radiological Hazard Indices NORM Sedimentary conglomerate Igneous Sediments

Measuring technical efficiency of Chinese nonferrous metals enterprises on a background of industry consolidation

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2013年第9期23卷 2797-2806页

作者：危平唐慧泉陈瑶陈晓红中南大学商学院长沙410083 中南大学金属资源战略研究院长沙410083

Since 2009, Chinese nonferrous metals industry has been carried out industry consolidation with strong support by the central government. This work examined technical efficiency of Chinese nonferrous metals firms and its change during the period of 2007 and 2011. Based on financial data from nonferrous metals listed companies, technical efficiency of nonferrous metal minerals mining firms and nonferrous metal smelting, pressing and processing firms was estimated respectively using the data envelopment analysis （DEA） method. It was found that, in both sectors, number of pure technical and scale inefficient firms dominated over efficient ones. Overall, their technical and scale efficiency tended to be very low after 2009. In particular, efficiency scores of nonferrous metal smelting, pressing and processing firms fluctuated greatly during the research period. And a limited number of large leading firms were able to maintain 100% efficiency score in the industry, while efficiency of most of other leading firms has declined since 2009.

关键词： industry consolidation nonferrous metals finns data envelopment analysis (DEA) technical efficiency scale efficiency conglomerate

Study of hydraulic fracture growth behavior in heterogeneous tight sandstone formations using CT scanning and acoustic emission monitoring

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Petroleum Science 2019年第2期16卷 396-408页

作者： Nai-Zhen Liu Yu-Shi Zou Xin-Fang Ma Ning Li Shan Wu CNPC Great Wall Drilling Company State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum

Tortuous hydraulic fractures(HFs) are likely to be created in heterogeneous formations such as conglomerates, which may cause sand plugging, ultimately resulting in poor stimulation efficiency. This study aims to explore HF growth behavior in conglomerate through laboratory fracturing experiments under true tri-axial stresses combined with computed tomography scanning and acoustic emission(AE) monitoring. The effects of gravel size, horizontal differential stress, and AE focal mechanisms were examined. Especially, the injection pressure and the AE response features during HF initiation and propagation in conglomerate were analyzed. Simple HFs with narrow microfractures are created in conglomerate when the gravels are considerably smaller than the specimen, whereas complex fractures are created when the gravels are similar in size to the specimen, even under high horizontal differential stresses. Breakdown pressure and AE rates are high when a HF is initiated from the high-strength gravel. A large pressure decline after the breakdown may indicate the creation of a planar and wide HF. Analyzing the focal mechanism indicates that the shear mechanism generally dominates with an increase in the HF complexity. Tensile events are likely to occur during HF initiation and are located around the wellbore. Shear events occur mainly around the nonplanar and complex matrix/gravel interfaces.

关键词： conglomerate Gravel Hydraulic fracturing Propagation mechanism Computed tomography (CT) Acoustic emission (AE)

K-Ar dating of late Mesozoic volcanism and geochemistry of volcanic gravels in the North Huaiyang Belt, Dabie orogen: Constraints on the stratigraphic framework and exhumation of the northern Dabie orthogneiss complex

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第20期47卷 1688-1695页

作者： Yuejun Wang Weiming Fan Feng Guo Chinese Acad Sci Guangzhou Inst Geochem Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China

Two eruption episodes are identified through systematic field investigations and K-Ar dating of the late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the North Huaiyang belt (NHB), Dabie orogenic belt, of which the earlier volcanic suite termed Maotanchang Fm. (Fm.) occurring at Jinzhai, Xianhualing and Maotanchang, etc., was erupted from 149 Ma to 138 Ma. The other named Xiaotian Fm. mainly distributed at Xiaotian, Shucheng, etc., was formed between 132 Ma and 116 Ma. During the eruption gap of the two volcanic suites deposited a volcano-sedimentary conglomerate layer, which are composed of the multi-compositional gravels, including the North Dabie orthogneiss complex (NDOC), volcanic gravels, etc. These volcanic gravels in the conglomerate layer show identical geochemical and isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr(t) =0.7084-0.7092,εNd(t) =-21.8--24.4) to the Maotanchang Fm. volcanic rocks (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7086-0.7102,εNd = -19.2-24.4), but significantly distinct from those of Xiaotian Fm. (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7076-0.7084, εNd=

关键词： multi-gravel conglomerate layer K-Ar dating geo-chemical comparison late Mesozoic uplifting-erosion North Huai-yang belt.