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体育 2016年第2期 13-17页

作者：游贵兵张瑞林王先亮

采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法，对我国青少年体质下降的原因进行了探讨。研究认为，利益冲突导致了我国青少年体质下降。为了遏制我国青少体质逐年下滑的趋势，增强我国青少年体质，应该进行利益整合，有效化解利益冲突。

关键词：青少年体质下降利益冲突深层原因 youth and adolescent physical conflict of interest underlying causes

Time to detoxify medical literature from guideline overdose

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第26期18卷 3331-3335页

作者： Dinesh Vyas Arpita K Vyas Department of Surgery Nanomedical OncoSepsis LabInstitute of International HealthCollege of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics and Human DevelopmentMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States

The current financial turmoil in the United States has been attributed to multiple reasons including healthcare *** care spending has increased from 5.7 percent of the gross domestic product(GDP) in 1965 to 16 percent of the GDP in *** is driven with a goal to provide best possible care available at that period of *** are generally assumed to have the high level of certainty and security as conclusions generated by the conventional scientific method leading many clinicians to use guidelines as the final arbiters of *** provide the standard of care,physicians follow guidelines,proposed by either groups of physicians or various medical societies or government organizations like National Comprehensive Cancer *** has lead to multiple tests for the patient and has not survived the test of *** independence leads to lacunae in the standardization of guidelines,hence flooding of literature with multiple guidelines and confusion to patients and physicians and eventually overtreatment,inefficiency,and patient *** is an urgent need to restrict articles with Guidelines and develop some strategy like have an intermediate stage of pre-guidelines and after 5-10 years of trials,a systematic launch of the *** can be better ways than this for putting together guidelines as has been suggested by multiple authors and researchers.

关键词： Guidelines Controversies in medicine conflict of interest Health economics Standard of care

Allocating Personal Data Rights: Toward Resolving conflicts of interest over Personal Data

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2021年第4期14卷 549-563页

作者： Xiaolan Yu School of Law Anhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina Shanghai Jiaotong University ShanghaiChina

conflicts of interest over personal data arise from the variety of legal subjects involved and the value of personal data in today’s information *** article attempts to resolve such conflicts of interest by examining the possibility of allocating data rights which balance competing *** suggests that the allocation of personal data rights should follow certain rules to ensure that the interests of relevant data subjects are *** examining the reasons for conflicts of interest over personal data,as well as the subjects and substance of such conflicts,the article puts forward an appropriate approach for allocating personal data rights by balancing the interests of different data *** source data subjects,personal data rights are allocated,to protect personal information and data property interests;for data controllers,data property rights are allocated to protect their data property interests when they make data valuable,meanwhile liabilities are allocated to data controller,in case of infringing on other subjects'interests;for data supervisors(mostly the government),allocating the right to protect or make use of data on behalf of public interests and the power of supervising data use industry;for the data users,they are allocated data property rights with the consents of source data subjects and data controllers when make use of data.

关键词： Personal data conflict of interest interest measurement Rights allocation

Detecting conflicts of interest in credit rating changes:a distribution dynamics approach

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Financial Innovation 2021年第1期7卷 962-984页

作者： Wai Choi Lee Jianfu Shen Tsun Se Cheong Michal Wojewodzki Department of Economics and Finance The Hang Seng University of Hong KongSiu Lek YuenHong KongChina ZN721 Block ZDepartment of Building and Real EstateThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong KongChina

In this study,we compare the adjustments of credit ratings by an investor-paid credit rating agency(CRA),represented by Egan-Jones Ratings Company,and an issuer-paid CRA,represented by Moody’s Investors Service,vis-à-vis conflict of interest and reputation.A novel distribution dynamics approach is employed to compute the probability distribution and,hence,the downgrade and upgrade probabilities of a credit rating assigned by these two CRAs of different compensation systems based on the dataset of 750 *** between 2011 and 2018,that is,after the passage of the Dodd–Frank *** is found that investor-paid ratings are more likely to be downgraded than issuerpaid ratings only in the lower rating grades,which is consistent with the argument that investor-paid agencies have harsher attitudes toward potentially defaulting issuers to protect their *** do not find evidence that issuer-paid CRAs provide overly favorable treatments to issuers with threshold ratings,implying that reputation concerns and the Dodd–Frank regulation mitigate the conflict of interests,while issuerpaid CRAs are more concerned about providing accurate ratings.

关键词： Credit ratings conflict of interest Distribution dynamics Issuer-paid credit rating agencies Investor-paid credit rating agencies

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科学活动中的利益冲突

科学技术哲学 2003年第7期 50-54页

作者：曹南燕

科学活动中的利益冲突是科研伦理学需要讨论的一个重要课题。文章从科学活动层面来讨论科学研究中利益冲突的表现形式、产生原因、社会后果以及处理对策。

关键词：科研伦理利益冲突客观性社会公正 ethics of scientific research conflict of interest objectivity social impartiality

The Cloud Manufacturing Resource Scheduling Optimization Method Based on Game Theory

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Journal on Artificial Intelligence 2022年第4期4卷 229-243页

作者： Xiaoxuan Yang Zhou Fang Heilongjiang Province Cyberspace Research Center Heilongjiang Province Harbin150090China

In order to optimize resource integration and optimal scheduling problems in the cloud manufacturing environment,this paper proposes to use load balancing,service cost and service quality as optimization goals for resource scheduling,however,resource providers have resource utilization requirements for cloud manufacturing *** the process of resource optimization scheduling,the interests of all parties have conflicts of interest,which makes it impossible to obtain better optimization results for resource ***,amultithreaded auto-negotiation method based on the Stackelberg game is proposed to resolve conflicts of interest in the process of resource *** cloud manufacturing platform first calculates the expected value reduction plan for each round of global optimization,using the negotiation algorithm based on the Stackelberg game,the cloud manufacturing platformnegotiates andmediateswith the participants’agents,to maximize self-interest by constantly changing one’s own plan,iteratively find multiple sets of locally optimized negotiation plans and return to the cloud manufacturing *** multiple rounds of negotiation and calculation,we finally get a target expected value reduction plan that takes into account the benefits of the resource provider and the overall benefits of the completion of the manufacturing ***,through experimental simulation and comparative analysis,the validity and rationality of the model are verified.

关键词： Cloud manufacturing resource scheduling optimal allocation of resources conflict of interest stackelberg game

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权利冲突研究中需要进一步澄清的问题

法理学、法史学 2011年第1期 29-37页

作者：王克金

针对目前法学界对权利冲突问题的研究现状，在权利冲突研究中存在需进一步澄清的问题，如学者们如何使用权利冲突一词，权利冲突的原因，解决冲突的正确方法与途径，权利冲突与侵权、违约、权利竞合、权利竞存的关系，以及权利之间的关... 详细信息

针对目前法学界对权利冲突问题的研究现状，在权利冲突研究中存在需进一步澄清的问题，如学者们如何使用权利冲突一词，权利冲突的原因，解决冲突的正确方法与途径，权利冲突与侵权、违约、权利竞合、权利竞存的关系，以及权利之间的关系等。

关键词：权利冲突利益冲突侵权违约权利竞合权利并存权利聚合权利位阶权利边界 conflict of rights conflict of interest tort breach of contract concurrent rights co-existence of rights collection of rights hierarchy of rights boundary of rights

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新的“不沉航母”？

国际政治 2014年第10期

作者：成汉平

2014年5月起，中越因石油平台钻探问题引发海上对峙，两国关系急转直下。期间，美国政界和军方的代表团轮番到访越南，为其撑腰打气，导致越南有恃无恐，又加剧了局势的紧张。这意味着越南与美国之间频繁的战略互动终于完全公开化了。... 详细信息

2014年5月起，中越因石油平台钻探问题引发海上对峙，两国关系急转直下。期间，美国政界和军方的代表团轮番到访越南，为其撑腰打气，导致越南有恃无恐，又加剧了局势的紧张。这意味着越南与美国之间频繁的战略互动终于完全公开化了。自从美国于2009年高调宣布重返亚太以来，越南明显加强了与美国的战略互动，投其所好，积极响应，配合美国的“亚太再平衡”战略，以遏制中国在南海问题上的主权立场与主张；而美国则将越南视为是亚太布局的一个重要支点，企图以与中国有着领海之争的越南来牵制中国，美国则充当幕后推手。

关键词：海上对峙越美互动战略遏制利益冲突国家合作 sea confrontation Vietnam-US interaction strategic containment conflict of interest cooperation between countries

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合成生物学的伦理和治理问题

伦理学 2019年第12期

作者：雷瑞鹏邱仁宗

合成生物学的伦理问题包括：概念性伦理问题，这涉及合成生物学的正当性问题；物理性的伦理问题，主要涉及生物安全和安保问题；与对人的尊重和公正有关的非物理性伦理问题以及合成生物学中的不确定性问题。合成生物学的治理问题包括：... 详细信息

合成生物学的伦理问题包括：概念性伦理问题，这涉及合成生物学的正当性问题；物理性的伦理问题，主要涉及生物安全和安保问题；与对人的尊重和公正有关的非物理性伦理问题以及合成生物学中的不确定性问题。合成生物学的治理问题包括：治理与监管关系；合成生物学创新、研发和应用的径路；以及合成生物学治理中若干重要问题，如监管和外部监管的必要、现有监管机制对合成生物学的监管是否充分、对不确定性的监管以及对专利制度的改革等。

关键词：合成生物学概念性伦理问题物理性伦理问题风险—受益比公平可及利益冲突不确定性 synthetic biology conceptual ethical issue physical ethical issue risk-benefit ratio equitable access conflict of interest uncertainty

中国科技期刊出版伦理建设现状调研及发展建议

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出版业 2021年第4期

作者：任艳青翁彦琴靳炜王雪峰张恬

调研了国内科技期刊的出版伦理建设现状，包括期刊出版伦理声明、期刊制定的与作者/同行评审/编辑相关的伦理规范、期刊对学术不端行为处理的规定及流程。我国科技期刊出版伦理建设正处于成长阶段，对标国际出版伦理规范和最佳实践，建... 详细信息

调研了国内科技期刊的出版伦理建设现状，包括期刊出版伦理声明、期刊制定的与作者/同行评审/编辑相关的伦理规范、期刊对学术不端行为处理的规定及流程。我国科技期刊出版伦理建设正处于成长阶段，对标国际出版伦理规范和最佳实践，建议参考国际通用出版伦理声明设置，细化对作者署名及责任，科研数据、图像采集/处理/使用的期刊政策，科学合理地制定重复出版等期刊出版伦理政策，落实利益冲突声明政策。

关键词：科技期刊出版伦理重复出版科研数据作者署名图像处理利益冲突 scientific journals publishing ethics repetitive publishing scientific research data authorship image processing conflict of interest