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STCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): Physics & detector

Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achasov X.C.Ai L.P.An R.Aliberti Q.An X.Z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Blinov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.H.Bu F.M.Cai H.Cai J.J.Cao Q.H.Cao X.Cao Z.Cao Q.Chang K.T.Chao D.Y.Chen H.Chen H.X.Chen J.F.Chen K.Chen L.L.Chen P.Chen S.L.Chen S.M.Chen S.Chen S.P.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen Y.Chen Y.Q.Chen H.Y.Cheng J.Cheng S.Cheng T.G.Cheng J.P.Dai L.Y.Dai X.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denisenko J.M.Dias D.Z.Ding L.Y.Dong W.H.Dong V.Druzhinin D.S.Du Y.J.Du Z.G.Du L.M.Duan D.Epifanov Y.L.Fan S.S.Fang Z.J.Fang G.Fedotovich C.Q.Feng X.Feng Y.T.Feng J.L.Fu J.Gao Y.N.Gao P.S.Ge C.Q.Geng L.S.Geng A.Gilman L.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl J.L.Gu A.Guevara L.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo Y.P.Guo Z.H.Guo A.Guskov K.L.Han L.Han M.Han X.Q.Hao J.B.He S.Q.He X.G.He Y.L.He Z.B.He Z.X.Heng B.L.Hou T.J.Hou Y.R.Hou C.Y.Hu H.M.Hu K.Hu R.J.Hu W.H.Hu X.H.Hu Y.C.Hu J.Hua G.S.Huang J.S.Huang M.Huang Q.Y.Huang W.Q.Huang X.T.Huang X.J.Huang Y.B.Huang Y.S.Huang N.Hüsken V.Ivanov Q.P.Ji J.J.Jia S.Jia Z.K.Jia H.B.Jiang J.Jiang S.Z.Jiang J.B.Jiao Z.Jiao H.J.Jing X.L.Kang X.S.Kang B.C.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravchenko A.Kuzmin Y.Lei E.Levichev C.H.Li C.Li D.Y.Li F.Li G.Li G.Li H.B.Li H.Li H.N.Li H.J.Li H.L.Li J.M.Li J.Li L.Li L.Li L.Y.Li N.Li P.R.Li R.H.Li S.Li T.Li W.J.Li X.Li X.H.Li X.Q.Li X.H.Li Y.Li Y.Y.Li Z.J.Li H.Liang J.H.Liang Y.T.Liang G.R.Liao L.Z.Liao Y.Liao C.X.Lin D.X.Lin X.S.Lin B.J.Liu C.W.Liu D.Liu F.Liu G.M.Liu H.B.Liu J.Liu J.J.Liu J.B.Liu K.Liu K.Y.Liu K.Liu L.Liu Q.Liu S.B.Liu T.Liu X.Liu Y.W.Liu Y.Liu Y.L.Liu Z.Q.Liu Z.Y.Liu Z.W.Liu I.Logashenko Y.Long C.G.Lu J.X.Lu N.Lu Q.F.Lü Y.Lu Y.Lu Z.Lu P.Lukin F.J.Luo T.Luo X.F.Luo Y.H.Luo H.J.Lyu X.R.Lyu J.P.Ma P.Ma Y.Ma Y.M.Ma F.Maas S.Malde D.Matvienko Z.X.Meng R.Mitchell A.Nefediev Y.Nefedov S.L.Olsen Q.Ouyang P.Pakhlov G.Pakhlova X.Pan Y.Pan E.Passemar Y.P.Pei H.P.Peng L.Peng X.Y.Peng X.J.Peng K.Peters S.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian C.F.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin L.Q.Qin X.S.Qin T.L.Qiu J.Rademacker C.F.Redmer H.Y.Sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China Central South University Changsha 410083China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116China École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Hebei University Baoding 071002China Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601China Helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China Henan University Kaifeng 475004China High Energy Physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea Higher School of Economy 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar Moscow 109028Russia Huangshan University Huangshan 245000China Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002China Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jilin University Changch

The superτ-charm facility(STCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard *** STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R&D *** document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.

关键词： electron–positron collider tau-charm region high luminosity STCF detector conceptual design

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conceptual design and RCS performance research of shipborne early warning aircraft

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2014年第6期25卷 968-976页

作者： Kuizhi Yue Yong Gao Guanxiong Li Dazhao Yu School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering Beihang University Department of Airborne Vehicle Engineering Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University

In order to improve the survivability of the aircraft,conceptual design and radar cross section（RCS） performance research are done. The CATIA software is used to design the 3D digital model of the shipborne early warning aircraft, and some measures are taken to reduce the RCS characteristics of the early warning aircraft at the same time. Based on the physical optics method and the equivalent electromagnetic flow method,the aircraft＇s RCS characteristics and strength distribution characteristics are simulated numerically, and compared with the foreign advanced shipborne early warning aircraft. The simulation results show that under the X radar band, when the incident wave pitching angle is 0？, compared with the foreign advanced shipborne early warning aircraft, the forward RCS average value of the conceptual shipborne early warning aircraft is reduced to 24.49%, the lateral RCS average value is reduced to 5.04%, and the backward RCS average value is reduced to 39.26%. The research results of this paper are expected to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the conceptual design and the stealth design of the shipborne early warning aircraft.

关键词： conceptual design stealth shipborne early warning aircraft physical optics method simulation

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conceptual design of energy-saving stripping process for industrial sour water

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第5期28卷 1277-1284页

作者： Hengjun Gai Shuo Chen Kaiqiang Lin Xiaowei Zhang Chun Wang Meng Xiao Tingting Huang Hongbing Song College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042China

Sour water contains ammonia,carbon dioxide,and hydrogen sulfides,producing from oil refining,coking,and coal *** reduce the energy consumption in sour water stripping,a novel process is proposed which integrates with the bottom flashing mechanical vapor recompression heat pump(MVRHP)for treating such ***,Aspen PlusTM as a powerful set of chemical process simulation software is utilized to investigate the economy and feasibility of the novel *** of the results of two process simulations,it can be seen that it is possible to reduce the total annual cost by nearly 45%to adopt the novel process,despite the capital investment increase 45%more than the conventional ***,the provided conceptual design will play a guiding role in the industrialization of the process.

关键词： Energy saving Sour water stripping Thermal pump conceptual design Coal gasification wastewater

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conceptual design of a Butyl-levulinate Reactive Distillation Process by Incremental Refinement

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2011年第3期19卷 371-379页

作者： Andreas Harwardt Korbinian Kraemer Bettina Rüngeler Wolfgang Marquardt Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Process Systems Engineering RWTH Aachen University

Butyl-levulinate has been identified as a promising fuel candidate with high oxygen content. Its com- bustion in diesel engines yields very low soot and NOx emissions. It can be produced by the esterification of butanol and levulinic acid, which themselves are platform chemicals in a biorenewables-based chemical supply chain. Since the equilibrium of esterification limits the conversion in a conventional reactor, reactive distillation can be applied to overcome this limitation. The presence of the high-boiling catalyst sulfuric acid requires a further separation step downstream of the reactive distillation column to recover the catalyst for recycle. Optimal design specifications and an optimal operating point are determined using rigorous flowsheet optimization. The challenging optimization problem is solved by a favorable initialization strategy and continuous reformulation. The design identified has the potential to produce a renewable transportation fuel at reasonable cost.

关键词： biofuels conceptual design reactive distillation butyl-levulinate mixed-integer nonlinear problems continuous reformulation process optimization process intensification

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conceptual design of an extractive distillation process for the separation of azeotropic mixture of n-butanol-isobutanol-water

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第10期26卷 2040-2047页

作者： Hengjun Gai Kaiqiang Lin Yirong Feng Meng Xiao Kai Guo Hongbing Song College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology

In many chemical processes, large amounts of wastewater containing butanol and isobutanol are *** that n-butanol-isobutanol-water can form triple azeotrope, high-purity butanol cannot be recovered from the wastewater by ordinary distillation. To economically and effectively recover butanol from this kind of wastewater, 1,4-butanediol is selected as an extractant to break the formation of the azeotropes, and a doubleeffect extractive distillation process is proposed. The conceptual design of the proposed process is accomplished based on process simulation. With the proposed process, the purity of recovered butanol and water is greater than 99.99 wt%. In comparison with the conventional azeotropic distillation process, economic analysis shows that the operating cost of the proposed process is lower: when the capacity of wastewater treatment is 100 t·h^(-1), the total operating cost decreases by 5.385 ×10~6 USD per year, and the total annual cost of the new process decreases by 5.249 ×10~6 USD per year. In addition, in the extractive distillation system, variable effects on separation purities and cost are more complex than those in the ordinary distillation system. The method and steps to optimize the key variables of the extractive distillation system are also discussed in this paper and can provide reference for similar studies.

关键词： Extractive distillation Triple azeotropic system conceptual design Butanol dehydration

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conceptual design for a Kerosene Fuel-rich Gas-generator of a Turbopump-fed Liquid Rocket Engine

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Journal of Thermal Science 2012年第5期21卷 428-434页

作者： Min Son Jaye Koo Won Kook Cho Eun Seok Lee Graduate Student Korea Aerospace UniversityGoyang Republic of Korea School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Korea Aerospace UniversityGoyang Republic of Korea Korea Aerospace Research Institute Daejeon Republic of Korea

A design method for a kerosene fuel-rich gas-generator of a liquid rocket engine using turbopumps to supply propellant was performed at a conceptual level. The gas-generator creates hot gases, enabling the turbine to operate the turbopumps. A chemical non-equilibrium analysis and a droplet vaporization model were used for the estimation of the burnt gas properties and characteristic chamber length. A premixed counter-flow flame analysis was performed for the prediction of the burnt gas properties, namely the temperature, the specific heat ratio and heat capacity, and the chemical reaction time. To predict the vaporization time, the Spalding model, using a single droplet in convective condition, was used. The minimum residence time in the chamber and the characteristic length were calculated by adding the reaction time and the vaporization time. Using the characteristic length, the design methods for the fuel-rich gas-generator were established. Finally, a parametric study was achieved for the effects of the O/F ratio, mass flow rate, chamber pressure, initial droplet temperature, initial droplet diameter and initial droplet velocity.

关键词： Liquid rocket engine conceptual design Fuel-rich gas-generator Sensitivity analysis

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conceptual design of oil palm fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composite automotive crash box using integrated approach

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Journal of Central South University 2020年第1期27卷 64-75页

作者： N S B YUSOF S M SAPUAN M T H SULTAN M JAWAID Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products(INTROP)Universiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Information Sciences and Engineering Management and Science UniversitySeksyen 1340100 Shah AlamSelangorMalaysia Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia Department of Aerospace Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia

A hybrid conceptual design approach was introduced in this study to develop a conceptual design of oil palm polymer composite automotive crash box(ACB). A combination of theory of inventive problem solving(TRIZ), morphological charts and biomimetics was applied where the foremost requirements in terms of the material characteristics, function specifications, force identification, root cause analysis, geometry profile and design selection criteria were considered. The strategy was to use creations of nature to inspire five innovative conceptual designs of the ACB structure and the AHP method was applied to perform the pairwise analysis of selecting the best ACB conceptual design. A new conceptual design for a composite ACB was conceived bearing in mind the properties of natural fibre, unlike those of conventional materials such as steel alloys and aluminium alloys. The design with the highest ranking(26.6 %) was chosen as the final conceptual design, which was the one with a honeycomb structure for the outermost profile, reinforced with a spider web structure inside the part, supported by fibre foam structure extracted from the woodpecker sponge tissue at the centre to maximize the energy absorption capability. The new design could solve the problem of bending collapse which is a major cause of failure to absorb maximum impact energy for ACB during collision. However, the final conceptual design will still need several modifications for production and assembly purposes, which will be completed in a further study.

关键词： conceptual design automotive crash box hybrid method concept selection method

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conceptual design of a 15-TW pulsed-power accelerator for high-energy-densityephysics experiments

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2017年第4期2卷 204-223页

作者： R.B.Spielman D.H.Froula G.Brent E.M.Campbell D.B.Reisman M.E.Savage M.J.Shoup III W.A.Stygar M.L.Wisher Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of RochesterRochesterNY14623USA Sandia National Laboratories AlbuquerqueNM 87185USA

We have developed a conceptual design of a 15-TW pulsed-power accelerator based on the linear-transformer-driver(LTD)architecture described by Stygar[*** et al.,*** *** 18,110401(2015)].The driver will allow multiple,high-energy-density experiments per day in a university environment and,at the same time,will enable both fundamental and integrated experiments that are scalable to larger *** this design,many individual energy storage units(bricks),each composed of two capacitors and one switch,directly drive the target load without additional pulse *** LTD modules in parallel drive the *** module consists of 16 LTD cavities connected in series,where each cavity is powered by 22 bricks connected in *** design stores up to 2.75 MJ and delivers up to 15 TW in 100 ns to the constant-impedance,water-insulated radial transmission *** transmission lines in turn deliver a peak current as high as 12.5 MA to the physics *** maximize its experimental value and flexibility,the accelerator is coupled to a modern,multibeam laser facility(four beams with up to 5 kJ in 10 ns and one beam with up to 2.6 kJ in 100 ps or less)that can provide auxiliary heating of the physics *** lasers also enable advanced diagnostic techniques such as X-ray Thomson scattering and multiframe and three-dimensional *** coupled accelerator-laser facility will be the first of its kind and be capable of conducting unprecedented high-energy-densityephysics experiments.

关键词： Pulsed power accelerator High energy density physics conceptual design

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conceptual design of Glass/Renewable Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Hybrid Composite Motorcycle Side Cover

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第11期9卷 1973-1989页

作者： M.A.F.A.Wahab S.M.Sapuan M.M.Harussani M.Y.M.Zuhri A.A.Saleh Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products(INTROP)Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Department of Mechanical andManufacturing Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia SarawakKota Samarahan94300Malaysia

This paper presents the development process relating to the conceptual design of glass/renewable natural fibrereinforced polymer hybrid composite motorcycle side *** side cover is a component frequently made from plastic or steel that functions on covering the motorcycle parts,components and systems such as frame,battery,electrical systems and mechanical *** Analysis Systems Techniques(FAST)is used to identify the functions of motorcycle side *** right-side cover of motorcycle model SYM E-Bonus 110 has been physically studied to identify the competitive benchmarking *** functions and competitive benchmarking criteria are then compiled and integrated with the environmental requirements to identify the Product design Specifications(PDS).The coir fibre has been selected from six identified dominant renewable natural fibre used for automotive component through integration of Ranking Method and Quality Based Selection(QBS).Then the polypropylene matrix is selected after shortlisting the existing thermoplastic that is used with coir fibre and has high suitability for injection moulding *** polypropylene matrix is then evaluated using Weighted Evaluation Matrix(WEM)by comparing to benchmark material which is Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene(ABS).After that,the conceptual design development of glass/renewable coir fibre-reinforced polypropylene motorcycle side cover is carried out using an integrated Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ)and Morphological Chart,followed by final conceptual design selection using integration of Pugh Scoring Method and *** conceptual design development intended on improving the biodegradability to reduce pollution to the ***,the usage of glass/coir fibre-reinforced polypropylene hybrid composite may increase the weight due to higher *** innovative design concepts have been developed and the selected final concept design has the most minimum number of ribs an

关键词： Renewable natural fibre coir fibre hybrid composite conceptual design PDS TRIZ morphological chart QBS FAST diagram WEM natural fibre selection pugh scoring method

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conceptual design Process for LEO Satellite Constellations Based on System Engineering Disciplines

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第5期131卷 599-618页

作者： Ali Salehi Mahdi Fakoor Amirreza Kosari Seyed Mohammad Navid Ghoreishi Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies University of TehranTehranIran

Satellite design process is an interdisciplinary subject in which the need for collaboration among various science and engineering disciplines is ***,finding an optimal process for conceptual design of a satellite,which can optimize time and cost,is still an important *** this paper,based on system engineering approach,an optimal design process is proposed for LEO satellite *** the proposed method,design process,design sequences,and data flow are *** this regard,the conceptual design process is divided into two levels of mission(or constellation)and system(or satellite)as well as 15 main activities based on the mission profile,previous experiences of the authors,and existing ***,the relationships between these activities have been determined by considering the importance of relationships according to their ***,these relations are optimized based on design structure matrix(DSM).By utilizing this approach,system design process of a telecommunication satellite constellation in LEO is formulated in conceptual design *** and capability of the proposed approach in optimal design process of the satellite constellation are investigated by comparing the outcome with existing results in the literature.

关键词： Satellite constellation system engineering design structure matrix conceptual design

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