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Salt transport in polymeric pervaporation membrane

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第3期28卷 758-765页

作者： Dihua Wu Aoran Gao Xianshe Feng College of Materials and Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityXiasha Higher Education ZoneHangzhou 310018China Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterloo N2L 3G1OntarioCanada

The salt transport in a PEBA membrane used in pervaporative desalination was *** concentration profile of salt in the membrane during pervaporation was investigated experimentally using a multilayer *** salt was found to be sorbed in the membrane but was not removed during the pervaporative desalination process,and the salt concentration in the membrane varied linearly with *** purity water was obtained as the permeate as long as the permeate side was kept dry under *** accumulated salt uptake in the membrane follows the order of MgCl2 N NaCl N Na2 *** solubility of salt in the membrane follows the order of MgCl2 N NaCl N Na2 *** the permeability and diffusivity of salt in the membrane follow the order of NaCl N MgCl2 N Na2 *** permeability of salt in the membrane is not influenced by the feed salt *** is mainly determined by the diffusion coefficients.

关键词： concentration profile Pervaporative desalination Salt transport

Effect of Aluminum and Silicon on Transformation Induced Plasticity of the TRIP Steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2004年第2期20卷 135-138页

作者： LinLI B.C.DeCoomant P.Wollants YanlinHE XiaodongZHOU Dept.Mater.Sci.&Eng. ShanghaiUniversity149YanchangRoadShanghai200072China LaboratoryforIronandSteelmaking UniversiteitGentTechnologiepark9B-9052ZwijnaardeBelgium Dept.MTM KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuvenKasteelparkArenberg44B-3001LeuvenBelgium ShanghaiBaosteelResearchInstitute FujinRoadShanghai201900China

With the sublattice model, equilibrium compositions of ferrite (a) and austenite (7 ) phases, as well as the volume percent of austenite (7) at 780℃ in different TRIP steels were calculated. concentration profiles of carbon, Mn, Al and Si in the steels were also estimated under the lattice fixed frame of reference so as to understand the complex mechanical behavior of TRIP steels after different isothermal bainitic transformation treatments. The effect of Si and Mn on transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) was discussed according to thermodynamic and kinetic analyses. It is recognized that Al also induces phase transformation in the steels but its TRIP effect is not as strong as that of Si.

关键词： Equilibrium composition concentration profile Thermodynamic Kinetic

CALCULATION MODELS FOR THE SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT RATE

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 1993年第1期5卷 10-21页

作者： Ni, Jinren Peking Univ Beijing China

The calculation accuracy of the suspended sediment transport rate relies on that of the vertical distribution of the particle concentration,the particle velocity distribution and the reference *** view of the limitations of the previons formulas for both the velocity and the concentration distributions,general expressions are introduced to the calculation of sus- pended sediment transport *** on these analyses,a simple and practical calculation model is given in the present paper.

关键词： suspended sediment transport rate concentration profile

Experimental study on the effects of artificial bed roughness on turbidity currents over abrupt bed slope change

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第3期35卷 256-268页

作者： Sara Baghalian Masoud Ghodsian Civil and Environmental Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Civil and Environmental Engineering and Water Engineering Research Institute Tarbiat Modares University

A series of experimental observations are presented in the current study to discuss the effects of artificial bed roughness on the turbidity current flowing in a rectangular channel with an abrupt change in bed *** this purpose,two different types of elements,sinusoidal and trapezoidal,with various heights and arrangements are considered as artificial bed roughness.A Vectrino velocity meter was used to measure the velocity and sediment concentration *** effects of inlet sediment concentration on front velocity,body velocity,unit discharge,sediment concentration,and suspended load transport rate also were *** equations were developed for estimation of the velocity of a turbidity current over smooth and rough *** unexpected experimental results showed that unlike the effect of roughness height,a change in the roughness arrangement has no significant influence on the velocity of a turbidity ***,the effect of bed roughness on the front velocity of a denser current is more significant.

关键词： Experimental analysis Turbidity current Bed roughness Slope break Velocity profile concentration profile

Computer-Aided Design of Some Advanced Steels and Cemented Carbides

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2005年第6期12卷 42-48页

作者： LI Lin ZHANG Mei HE Yan-lin De Cooman Bruno Wollants Patrick Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven 13-3001 Belgium Universiteit Gent Zwijnaarde 13-9052 Belgium

Thermodynamic and kinetic study on TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） steels, cemented carbides and mold steel for plastics were carried out in order to design modern advanced materials. With the sublattice model, equilibrium compositions of ferrite and austenite phases in TRIP steels, as well as volume fraction of austenite at inter-critical temperatures for different time were calculated. concentration profiles of carbon, manganese, aluminum and silicon in the steels were also estimated in the lattice fixed frame of reference. The effect of Si and Mn on TRIP was discussed according to thermodynamic and kinetic analyses. In order to understand and produce the graded nanophase structure of cemented carbides, miscellaneous phases in the M-Co-C （M= Ti, Ta, Nh） systems and Co-V-C system were modeled. Solution parameters and thermodynamic： properties were listed in detail. The improvement of machining behavior of prehardened mould steel for plastics was obtained by computer-aided composition design. The results showed that the matrix composition of large-section prehardened mould steel for plastic markedly influences the precipitation of non-metallic inclusion and the composition control by the aid of Thermo-Calc software package minimizes the amount of detrimental oxide inclusion. In addition, the modification of calcium was optimized in composition design.

关键词： computer-aided composition design TRIP steel cemented carbide prehardened mould steel concentration profile thermodynamic kinetic equilibrium composition

EFFECT　OF　FINE　PARTICLES　ON　THE　VERTICAL　concentration　DISTRIBUTION　AND　TRANSPORT　RATE　OF　COARSE　PARTICLES

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International Journal of Sediment Research 1994年第1期 13-30页

作者： WAN Zhaohui SONG Tiancheng

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关键词： concentration profile sediment transport rate,Bingham fluid yield stress rigidity diffusion theory modified Reynolds number drag coefficient .

Application of Finite Fourier Transform and Similarity Approach in a Binary System of the Diffusion of Water in a Polymer

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2016年第4期4卷 20-30页

作者： Hisham A. Maddah Department of Chemical Engineering King Abdulaziz University Rabigh Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

This paper describes the method of two important mathematical techniques used in chemical engineering applications. Solving a mass transfer problem, weather in finite or semi-infinite domain, may seem difficult without the practice of Finite Fourier Transform (FFT) and Similarity Transformation. Finite systems refer to any closed system that has a specific boundary that can be determined. For example, polymer sheets, membranes, storage tanks, oil reservoirs and a human stomach are determined to be finite systems where FFT is applicable to derive expressions for concentration profiles of the materials in the system. However, Similarity Transformation method is used to identify the concentration profile in semi-infinite systems that have no limits. It has been approved that we may also use the similarity procedure for finite systems since our results are almost the same. Methodologies of both techniques have been discussed thoroughly in order to apply them to a water-polymer diffusion system for the determination of the concentration of water in a polymer sheet of PET. Discussion and comparison between FFT and similarity is included to illustrate the power of each mathematical procedure in predicting and modeling mass concentrations.

关键词： Similarity Fininte Fourier Transfrom Modeling Mass Transfer concentration profile

Generalized Van der Waals Equation for Liquid-Vapor Equilibria in a Stationary Gravitational Field

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2021年第1期11卷 1-11页

作者： Makokiyu Godlove Akumbom Georges Collince Fouokeng Martin Tchoffo Lukong Cornelius Fai Unité de Recherche de Matiere Condensée d’Electronique et de Traitement de Signal (URMACETS) Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche en Agronomie et en Biodiversité Faculté d’Agronomie et des Sciences Agricoles (FASA) Université de Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The behavior of liquids undergoing phase transition in the gravitational field is studied by considering the generalized Van der Waals equation. Considering the two simple models for liquid-vapor boundary of a pure classical fluid, the generalized Van der Waals equation shows how the three critical parameters (critical temperature, critical volume and critical pressure), suffice to describe the reduced state parameters (reduced temperature, reduced volume and reduced pressure), the concentration profile and the liquid-vapor boundary position, which can be used to observe transition phenomenon. This model shows how the form of the equation can influence the vertical phase separation induced by the stationary gravitational field, and on the gas condensation effects.

关键词： Liquid-Vapor Phase Transition Gravitational Field Classical Fluid concentration profile