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concentrated solar energy——the path for efficient thermal conversion to power and fuels

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Science Bulletin 2019年第8期64卷 485-486页

作者： Aldo Steinfeld Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zurich

concentrated solar energy provides an unlimited clean source of high-temperature process heat. It can be therefore used for power generation by driving heat engines, as well as for fuel production by driving endothermic chemical transformations (1)Currently, the main optical configurations to concentrate the direct(beam) solar radiation at large scale are the line-focussing parabolic trough and linear Fresnel systems, and the point-focussing solar tower and dish systems.

关键词： CSP concentrated solar energy the path for efficient thermal conversion to power and fuels

Ion-vacancy coupled charge transfer model for ion transport in concentrated solutions

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第4期62卷 515-520页

作者： Yu Gao Jun Huang Yuwen Liu Jawei Yan Bingwei Mao Shengli Chen Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry Xiamen University

We present a conceptual framework for understanding and formulating ion transport in concentrated solutions, which pictures the ion transport as an ion-vacancy coupled charge transfer reaction. A key element in this picture is that the transport of an ion from an occupied to unoccupied site involves a transition state which exerts double volume exclusion. An ab initio random walk model is proposed to describe this process. Subsequent coarse-graining results in a continuum formula as a function of chemical potentials of the constituents, which are further derived from a lattice-gas model. The subtlety here is that what has been taken to be the chemical potential of the ion in the past is actually that of the ion-vacancy couple. By aid of this new concept, the driving force of ion transport is essentially the chemical affinity of the ion-vacancy coupled charge transfer reaction, which is a useful concept to unify transport and reaction, two fundamental processes in electrochemistry. This phenomenological model is parameterized for a specific material by the aid of first-principles calculations. Moreover, its extension to multiple-component systems is discussed.

关键词： concentrated solutions ion dynamics ion volume effect chemical affinity ion-vacancy couple

Monte Carlo simulation of phase separation kinetics in a concentrated polymer solution

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Science China Chemistry 1998年第4期41卷 424-431页

作者：许国强朱军祥丁建东杨玉良 Department of Macromolecular Science Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Fudan University Shanghai Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Spinodal decomposition (SD) kinetics in a concentrated polymer solution was investigated with dynamic Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that the positions of scattering peaks are altered during the early stage of phase separation, which cannot be described by the classic Cahn\|Hilliard linearized theory quite well, whereas during the late stage SD induced by a deep off\|critical quench, the structure factors can be scaled with Furukawa dynamic scaling law associated with a percolation morphology instead of with a non\|continuous phase morphology. Our simulation outputs agree basically with the experimental observations in the pertinent literature. It is also revealed that after a deep quench, chain coils shrink strikingly at first and then expand gradually during phase separation. As a consequence, this paper demonstrates that the dynamic Monte Carlo method is unique in detecting both chain configurations and phase separation kinetics and thus very useful for elucidating their relationship in mixtures containing macromolecules.

关键词： phase separation kinetics concentrated polymer solution Monte Carlo simulation.

The Effect of Surfactant on Synthesis of ZSM-5 in a Super-concentrated System

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2016年第3期18卷 35-40页

作者： Li Haiyan Qin Lihong Gao Guangbo Sun Famin Daqing Chemical Research Center Petrochemical Research InstitutePetro China Company LimitedDaqing 163714 China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 Liaohe Oilfield Company Production Operation Division Petro China Company LimitedPanjin 124010

ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized in a super-concentrated system using different kinds of surfactants. The ZSM-5 samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and BET techniques. The surfactant could change the properties of ZSM-5 zeolite, including the crystallinity, the crystal grain size, the surface area, the pore volume and the Si/Al mole ratio.

关键词： ZSM-5 super concentrated surfactant

Transverse Vibration Analysis of concentrated Mass-Loaded Thin Circular Plate Based on Strcutural Circumferential Periodicity

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2015年第2期21卷 147-152页

作者：李德胜张俊红李德华毕凤荣 State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin University Gamesa Wind(Tianjin) Co. Ltd

The structural circumferential periodicity of inertial excitation produced by concentrated mass was utilized to establish the mathematical model of thin circular plate carrying eccentric concentrated mass and to analyze its transverse vibration. The fundamental frequency coefficient, natural frequency and mode shape function are determined by this method. A clamped thin circular plate was taken as an example to study the mass effect on the vibrating *** between the present results and published ones exhibits excellent agreement, which shows that the analytical method in this paper can be used to predict the transverse vibration parameters accurately.

关键词： thin circular plate concentrated mass structural circumferential periodicity transverse vibration

Systemic treatment for severe concentrated sulfuric acid burns in an adult male at high altitude:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第7期8卷 1337-1342页

作者： Ruo-Mei Zhao Yi Li Sheng-Wu Chao Hong-Jin Wang The Graduate School Of Qinghai University Xining 810016Qinghai ProvinceChina Department of Burns and plastic Surgery Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai UniversityXining 810016Qinghai ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to report a case of a patient who suffered from severe concentrated sulfuric acid burns while working at high *** patient recovered after systemic *** also provide a literature review for a better understanding of the *** SUMMARY A 30-year-old male,who was working in a local chemical plant in Xining at an altitude of 2261 m,suffered from 85%burns(Ⅲ°70%,deep Ⅱ°15%)after a tank containing 80%concentration of sulfuric acid *** patient immediately received a series of first aid treatments,as well as rigorous wound managements after admission,which included protection for the whole body and organs,prevention and treatment of eye burns,and the appropriate oxygen *** 65 d of treatment,the burn wounds had completely healed,and the patient was transferred to another specialized hospital for further eye *** first aid before admission and the emergency treatment of wounds following admission were *** severe complications of sepsis,severe renal insufficiency,septic costal chondritis,corneal perforation or other burns occurred during the *** The main causes of concentrated sulfuric acid burns consisted of accidental burns at work,accidents in the outside,factitious injuries and improper laboratory *** clinical manifestations were mostly deep Ⅱ°and Ⅲ°burns,with a formation of brown-black,leather-like eschar on the wound surface and locally embolized dendrite-like *** clear cause of the injury and typical clinical manifestations in this case made it easy to ***,adult cases with severe concentrated sulfuric acid burns in high altitude areas are rare,so the successful treatment of this case is of great significance.

关键词： High altitude area concentrated sulfuric acid burns Extensive burn Case report

The Discovery of He Anomaly in the Stress concentrated Zone of Coal Beds and Its Significance

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1994年第1期39卷 47-51页

作者：朱铭赵东植谭骏 Institute of Geology Academia Sinica Beijing 100029 PRC

The outburst of coal and gas is an important subject of coal mining in *** frequency and the quantity of outburst of coal were increasing in the recent dec-ades. Specially, the large outburst, more than one thousand tons, occasionally hap-pened in some coal mines and the outburst of coal also occurred in the deep-bed ofsome large coal mines. So it is an urgent task to predict, prevent and control theawful danger to gas-rich coal-fields. Recently, the research is accomplished based

关键词： He anomaly stress concentrated zone coal bed.

concentrated Growth Factor from Autologous Platelet Promotes Hair Growth in Androgenetic Alopecia

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2019年第3期12卷 201-211页

作者： Poh-Ching Tan Yun Xie Wei Wu Peiqi Zhang Yiming Gao Kai Liu Shuangbai Zhou Qingfeng Li Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Shanghai Medical College of Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

Studies have shown that platelet concentrates can induce the proliferation of the dermal papilla and the vascularization of the perifollicular tissue, as well as accelerate the telogen-to-anagen transition, thereby promoting the regrowth of hair improving the appearance of hair loss. Herein, we report on the application of a new, modified form of platelet concentrates, namely, concentrated growth factors (CGFs), in 15 cases of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). 15 cases of androgenetic alopecia were treated with the use of monthly, subcutaneous injections of autologous CGF in the scalp. A total of 3 injections were administered 4 weeks apart, and the patients were followed up for 6 months. Assessments were performed before the treatments and at 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after the first treatment. The treatment outcomes were assessed by taking macroscopic photographs and trichoscopic photomicrographs, as well as by using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and the patient satisfaction survey. In order to determine the safety of the treatment, the injection area was observed for signs of infection or mass evaluation. The photographs showed significant improvement in hair appearance after injections of CGF. The hair photomicrographs showed that CGF promoted the regrowth of hair in balding areas, with an increased hair density and an increased ratio of terminal to vellus hair. The GAIS suggested that CGF treatments were effective in treating AGA, and the majority of patients were satisfied with their improvement. In addition, treatments resulted in a faster rate of hair growth and a decrease in the greasy and unpleasant sensation of the hair of the patients. At the last visit, none of the 15 patients reported experiencing side-effects during the follow-up period. To conclude, the application of CGF can be an effective method in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia.

关键词： Androgenetic Alopecia concentrated Growth Factor

Development of Tea Whitener Using concentrated Whey and Milk Solids

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第2期4卷 215-221页

作者： Jyothis Joy Mazhuvanchery Satish Kulkarni National Dairy Research Institute Bangalore India.

Whey and toned milk was effectively used for the development of tea whitener. Cheese whey was concentrated to 12% solids in a vacuum evaporator, pasteurized at 72℃±2℃ for 15 s, diluted back to 11.5% solids and was cold blended with toned milk of 11.5% solids in three ratios viz. 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 and selected blends were homogenized at 1200-1500 psi. Tea was prepared by adding 80 mL whitener to 100 mL decoction and addition of sugar at 8% (w/v). The tea whitener was selected based on the sensory attributes of tea beverages. The colour of the beverages, tea whiteners and decoction were analyzed by reflectance meter and computer vision image analysis technique. The viscosity of the beverage was tested using a Brookfield viscometer. Coffee stability test was done to assess the stability of tea whitener under acidic conditions. Standard plate count, Coliform count and Presumptive Coliform test were done to assess the microbiological quality of the whitener. Homogenization had a positive impact on the viscosity and colour. The reflectance value of tea prepared from 25% homogenised whey milk blend and toned milk were in the range of 43-46 and 45-49, respectively. The viscosity of tea was found to increase with homogenization and whey levels. The sedimentation values of 25% whey blends and toned milk were 1.25 mL and 1 mL respectively. The shelf life of the blends was 2 days under refrigerated conditions. It can be concluded that a satisfactory tea whitener can be prepared by blending whey with toned milk in 25:75 proportion followed by homogenization.

关键词： concentrated Whey Homogenization Sensory Evaluation Toned Milk Tea Tea Whitener