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Competition for food in 2 populations of a wild-caught fish

Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 615-622页

作者： Pierre J.C. CHUARD Grant E. BROWN James W.A. GRANT Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Departmentof Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec Canada H4B 1R6

Aggressive behavior when competing for resources is expected to increase as the ratio of competitors-to-resource ratio （CRR） units increases. Females are expected to be more aggressive than males when competing for food when body size is more strongly related to reproductive suc- cess in females than in males, whereas aggression is predicted to decrease under high ambient predation risk by natural selection. Under the risk allocation model, however, individuals under high ambient predation risk are expected to be more aggressive, and forage more in the absence of imminent risk than their low risk counterparts. An interaction between adult sex ratio （i.e., adult males/females）, ambient predation risk （high vs. low）, and sex on intrasexual competition for mates in Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata has been shown. The interaction suggested an increase in aggression rates as CRR increased, except for males from the high predation population. To compare the patterns of competition for food versus mates, we replicated this study by using food patches. We allowed 4 male or 4 female guppies from high and low predation populations to com- pete for 5, 3, or 1 food patches. The foraging rate was higher in a high rather than low ambient pre- dation risk population. Surprisingly, CRR, sex, and population of origin had no effect on aggression rates. Despite other environmental differences between the 2 populations, the effect of ambient predation risk may be a likely explanation for differences in foraging rates. These results highlight the importance for individuals to secure food despite the cost of competition and predation.

关键词： aggression competitor-to-resource ratio foraging Poecifia reticulata population differences predation risk sex

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