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Reflection and operationalization of the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities principle in the transparency framework under the international climate change regime

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2018年第4期9卷 253-263页

作者： WANG Tian GAO Xiang National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation Ministry of Ecology and Environment Beijing 100038 China Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission Beijing 100038 China

“common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and inherited by the Paris Agreement 24 years later. This paper examines the operationalization of the CBDRRC principle in one of the cornerstone rules of the regimedits transparency provisions, both in existing practice under the convention and possible evolvement in negotiations under the Paris Agreement, from the perspectives of both international rule-making and domestic implementation. The authors have found a continuous enhancement of the transparency framework since the 1990s, and gradual consolidation of a bifurcated system between developed and developing countries into a common one. The authors argue that the transparency framework, as part of the procedural rules, should be designed to facilitate transparent information sharing in accordance with substantive commitments under international climate change laws. Thus, it indirectly reflects historical responsibilities for climate change, while the framework should also be designed as feasible and reflective of the respective capabilities of nations. Finally, the evolution of the transparency framework will aim to enact common and enhanced provisions while differentiating between developed and developing countries in the near term, and greater transparency-related capacity-building for developing countries.

关键词： International climate change law UNFCCC Paris agreement Transparency common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities principle

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Introduction to the benchmark challenge on common rail pressure control of gasoline direct injection engines

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Control Theory and Technology 2019年第2期17卷 167-175页

作者： Qifang LIU Jinlong HONG Bingzhao GAO Hong CHEN State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Changchun Jilin 130025China Department of Control Science and Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun Jilin 130025China

As one of the most important actuators for gasoline direct injection technology,common rail systems provide the requested rail pressure for fuel injection.Special system characteristics,such as coupled discrete-continuous dynamic in the common rail system,limited measurable states,and time-varying engine operating conditions,impel the combination of advanced methods to obtain the desired injection pressure.Therefore,reducing the pressure fluctuation and satisfying engineering implementation have become noteworthy issues for rail pressure control(RPC)systems.In this study,the benchmark problem and the design specification of RPC proposed by 2018 IFAC E-CoSM Committee are introduced.Moreover,a common rail system model is provided to the challengers,and a traditional PI control is applied to show the problem behaviors.Finally,intermediate results of the challengers are summarized briefly.

关键词： common rail pressure control gasoline direct injection engine control system design benchmark challenge

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Outcomes of endoscopic sphincterotomy vs open choledochotomy for common bile duct stones

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第4期25卷 485-497页

作者： Xiao-Dong Zhou Qiao-Feng Chen Yuan-Yuan Zhang Ming-Ju Yu Chang Zhong Zhi-Jian Liu Guo-Hua Li Xiao-Jiang Zhou Jun-Bo Hong You-Xiang Chen Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University

BACKGROUND Endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) for the management of common bile duct stones(CBDS) is used increasingly widely because it is a minimally invasive procedure. However, some clinical practitioners argued that EST may be complicated by post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)pancreatitis(PEP) and accompanied by a higher recurrence of CBDS than open choledochotomy(OCT). Whether any differences in outcomes exist between these two approaches for treating CBDS has not been thoroughly elucidated to date.AIM To compare the outcomes of EST vs OCT for the management of CBDS and to clarify the risk factors associated with stone recurrence.METHODS Patients who underwent EST or OCT for CBDS between January 2010 and December 2012 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Follow-up data were obtained through telephone or by searching the medical records. Statistical analysis was carried out for 302 patients who had a follow-up period of at least 5 years or had a recurrence. Propensity score matching(1:1) was performed to adjust for clinical differences. A logistic regression model was used to identify potential risk factors for recurrence, and a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was generated for qualifying independent risk factors.RESULTS In total, 302 patients undergoing successful EST(n = 168) or OCT(n = 134) were enrolled in the study and were followed for a median of 6.3 years. After propensity score matching, 176 patients remained, and all covariates were balanced. EST was associated with significantly shorter time to relieving biliary obstruction, anesthetic duration, procedure time, and hospital stay than OCT(P <0.001). The number of complete stone clearance sessions increased significantly in the EST group(P = 0.009). The overall incidence of complications and mortality did not differ significantly between the two groups. Recurrent CBDS occurred in18.8%(33/176) of the patients overall, but no difference was found between the EST(20.5%, 18/88) and OCT(17.0%, 15/88) groups. Factors as

关键词： common bile duct stone Choledochotomy Endoscopic sphincterotomy Outcome Recurrence Risk factor

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Percutaneous transhepatic extraction and balloon dilation for simultaneous gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones:A novel technique

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第33期24卷 3799-3805页

作者： Bin Liu De-Shun Wu Pi-Kun Cao Yong-Zheng Wang Wu-Jie Wang Wei Wang Hai-Yang Chang Dong Li Xiao Li Yancu Hertzanu Yu-Liang Li Department of Interventional Medicine The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250033Shandong ProvinceChina Interventional Oncology Institute of Shandong University Jinan 250033Shandong ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery Jiyang County People’s HospitalJinan 251400Shandong ProvinceChina School of Medicine Shandong UniversityJinan 250014Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Radiology Ben-Gurion UniversityNegev 88874Israel

AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of an innovative percutaneous transhepatic extraction and balloon dilation(PTEBD) technique for clearance of gallbladder stones in patients with concomitant stones in the common bile duct(CBD).METHODS The data from 17 consecutive patients who underwent PTEBD for clearance of gallbladder stones were retrospectively analyzed. After removal of the CBD stones by percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilation(PTBD), the gallbladder stones were extracted to the CBD and pushed into the duodenum with a balloon after dilation of the sphincter of Oddi. Large stones were fragmented using a metallic basket. The patients were monitored for immediate adverse events including hemorrhage, perforation, pancreatitis, and cholangitis. During the two-year follow-up, they were monitored for stone recurrence, reflux cholangitis, and other longterm adverse events.RESULTS Gallbladder stones were successfully removed in 16(94.1%) patients. PTEBD was repeated in one patient. The mean hospitalization duration was 15.9 ± 2.2 d. Biliary duct infection and hemorrhage occurred in one(5.9%) patient. No severe adverse events, including pancreatitis or perforation of the gastrointestinal or biliary tract occurred. Neither gallbladder stone recurrence nor refluxing cholangitis had occurred two years after the procedure.CONCLUSION Sequential PTBD and PTEBD are safe and effective for patients with simultaneous gallbladder and CBD stones. These techniques provide a new therapeutic approach for certain subgroups of patients in whom endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/endoscopic sphincterotomy or surgery is not appropriate.

关键词： common bile duct Gallstones Removing Percutaneous Balloon

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Bilateral common carotid artery common trunk with aberrant right subclavian artery combined with right subclavian steal syndrome: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第21期7卷 3639-3648页

作者： Yuan-Yuan Sun Guo-Ming Zhang You-Bin Zhang Xin Du Mao-Long Su Department of Ultrasound Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361000Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Cardiology Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361000Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Radiology Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361000Fujian ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND We report a rare case of numbness in the right hand,finally diagnosed as bilateral common carotid artery common trunk with aberrant right subclavian artery combined with right subclavian steal syndrome and explain the cause of these diseases.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 65-year-old woman.She complained of dizziness,numbness and weakness of the right hand for 6 mo.She was diagnosed with bilateral common carotid artery common trunk with aberrant right subclavian artery combined with right subclavian steal syndrome by ultrasound,enhanced computed tomography,computed tomography angiography and other examinations.Considering the surgical risks,the patient refused the aberrant right subclavian artery stent implantation and was discharged.We hypothesize that these two kinds of deformity and right subclavian steal syndrome may not occur by accident and result from multiple malformations.CONCLUSION Bilateral common carotid artery common trunk with aberrant right subclavian artery combined with right subclavian steal syndrome is rare.This case reminds interventional radiologists of the possibility of these abnormalities before surgery.

关键词： Bilateral common carotid artery common trunk Aberrant right subclavianartery Right subclavian steal syndrome Case report

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Adenomyoma of the distal common bile duct demonstrated by endoscopic ultrasound: A case report and review of the literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第21期7卷 3615-3621页

作者： Li-Ming Xu Duan-Min Hu Wen Tang Shao-Hua Wei Wei Chen Guang-Qiang Chen Department of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215004Jiangsu ProvinceChina Endoscopy Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215000Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Hepatological Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215000Jiangsu ProvinceChina Imaging Department The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215000Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Adenomyomatous hyperplasia of the distal common bile duct(CBD)is very rare,with only scarce case reports in the literature.Diagnosis is usually based on imaging findings,and endoscopic biopsy is very difficult before operation.It is believed that adenomyomatous hyperplasia has little or no risk of malignant transformation.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old woman with abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant was referred to our hospital.Abdominal ultrasonography in the emergency ward revealed acute cholecystitis and dilated CBD.Laboratory findings showed elevated levels of transaminases,phosphatase,andγ-glutamyltranspeptidase.Pharmaceutical treatment for 3 d did not relieve the symptoms.Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)and computed tomography(CT)showed proximal bile duct dilatation but could not identify the cause.Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)demonstrated a mixed echogenic mass in the distal CBD.During surgery,a firm mass was found in the distal CBD and the Whipple procedure was performed with the initial concern of malignancy.Histology showed diffuse adenomyomatous hyperplasia.CONCLUSION EUS may be a useful choice to diagnose adenomyoma of the distal CBD before operation,especially in patients with ambiguous MRCP/CT findings.

关键词： Adenomyoma common bile duct Endoscopic ultrasound Diagnosis Casereport

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The class of supernova progenitors that result from fatal common envelope evolution

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第11期62卷 35-46页

作者： Noam Soker Department of Physics Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology

I construct the class of supernovae and supernova progenitors that result from fatal common envelope evolution(CEE). The fatal CEE progenitors are stellar binary systems where a companion spirals-in inside the envelope of a giant star and merges with the core. The companion can be a neutron star(NS;or a black hole) that destroys the core and by that forms a common envelope jets supernova(CEJSN), a white dwarf(WD) that merges with the core to form a massive WD that later might explode as a Type Ia supernova(the core degenerate scenario), or a main sequence companion. In the latter case the outcome might be a core collapse supernova(CCSN) of a blue giant, a CCSN of type IIb or of type Ib. In another member of this class two giant stars merge and the two cores spiral-in toward each other to form a massive core that later explodes as a CCSN with a massive circumstellar matter(CSM). I discuss the members of this class, their characteristics, and their common properties. I find that fatal CEE events account for ≈6%-10% of all CCSNe, and raise the possibility that a large fraction of peculiar and rare supernovae result from the fatal CEE. The study of these supernova progenitors as a class will bring insights on other types of supernova progenitors, as well as on the outcome of the CEE.

关键词： common envelope evolution(CEE) supernovae binary and multiple stars neutron stars white dwarfs

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Gossypibomas as a rare cause of common bile duct dilation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第5期18卷 498-500页

作者： Raffaele Pezzilli Paula A.Mauloni Nico Pagano Department of Gastroenterology Sant’Orsola Hospital

Gossypibomas are any foreign bodies left inside the patient after an operation. It represents a diagnostic challenge in clinical practice because the clinical consequence may manifest in different forms immediately, m... 详细信息

关键词： Gossypibomas common bile duct dilation clinical consequence

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Complete Fracture of a Chimney Stent in the Left common Carotid Artery after Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Thoracic Aneurysm

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Chinese Medical Journal 2015年第23期128卷 3264-3265页

作者： Bao-Lei Guo Wei-Guo Fu Da-Qiao Guo Zhen-Yu Shi Department of Vascular Surgery Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Institute of Vascular Surgery Shanghai 200032 China

To the Editor： We reported a rare complication after thoracic endovascular aortic repair （TEVAR） with a chimney stent.A 68-year-old patient with no history presented to our hospital history of chest or back pain for evaluation of the endograft for TEVAR of a thoracic aneurysm approximately 4 years previously. Computed tomography angiography showed significant type Ia endoleak and the endograft had severe compression and migration [Figure 1a].

关键词： common Chimney Aneurysm

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Comparisons of phaseolin type and α-amylase inhibitor in common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)in China

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The Crop Journal 2016年第1期4卷 68-72页

作者： Yang Yao Yibo Hu Yingying Zhu Yue Gao Guixing Ren Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The objective of this study was to characterize the phaseolin type and a-amylase(αAI) level in common bean(Phaseolus vidgaris L.) accessions deposited in the Chinese National Genebank.The 40 accessions sampled were common varieties originating in Asia,North America,South America,Europe,and Africa.No Inca(I-) phaseolin was observed in the accessions.Only four accessions contained Tendergreen(T-) phaseolin and the remaining36 contained Sanilac(S-) phaseolin.aAI proteins extracted from nine accessions showed higher a-amylase inhibitory activity than the control(Phase 2,IC_(50) = 0.65 μg).These common bean accessions have potential use as nutraceutical ingredients.

关键词： common bean Phaseolin α-Amylase inhibitor Phenolic acid

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