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Effects of latitudinal variation on field and common garden comparisons between native and introduced groundsel(Senecio vulgaris)populations

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第3期14卷 414-424页

作者： Bi-Ru Zhu Xiao-Meng Li Da-Yong Zhang Wan-Jin Liao State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Aims Field and common garden comparisons are commonly performed to test the rapid evolution of increased vigor in introduced plant *** dines in phenotypic traits can obscure such evolutionary inferences,particularly when native or introduced populations are distributed across large geographic *** tested whether the latitudinal dines influence comparisons between introduced and native populations of Senecio *** Senecio vulgaris is native to Europe but has been introduced in northeastern and southwestern *** evaluate the performance in terms of growth and reproduction between native European populations and introduced Chinese populations,we compared plant height,number of branches and number of capitula in field populations in native and introduced ranges and in a common garden in *** Findings The introduced Chinese populations performed better than the native European populations in the field in terms of plant height and number of capitula,which was consistent with the prediction of the evolution of the increased competitive ability(EICA)*** Chinese populations produced more capitula than the European populations when the latitudinal cline was considered in the common garden *** we compared the traits of the northeastern Chinese,southwestern Chinese and European populations in both the field and common garden,the northeastern Chinese populations,at latitudes similar to those of the European populations,exhibited greater plant size and more capitula than the European populations in both the field and common ***,the southwestern Chinese populations,at latitudes much lower than those of the European populations,did not perform better than the native populations in terms of *** conclusion,our results suggest that latitudinal dines in phenotypic traits should be considered in field and common garden comparisons when introduced populations are geographically structur

关键词： common garden evolution of the increased competitive ability habitat productivity invasion latitudinal dines

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Genetic basis for body size variation between an anadromous and two derived lacustrine populations of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in southwest Alaska

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 71-78页

作者： Ella BOWLES Rebecca A. JOHNSTON Stevi L. VANDERZWAN Sean M. ROGERS Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Dr. N.W. Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4Canada

Body size is a highly variable trait among geographically separated populations. Size-assortative reproductive isolation has been linked to recent adaptive radiations of threespine stickleback （Gasterosteus aculeatus） into freshwater, but the genetic basis of the commonly found size differ- ence between anadromous and derived lacustrine sticklebacks has not been tested. We studied the genetic basis of size differences between recently diverging stickleback lineages in southwest Alaska using a common environment experiment. We crossed stickleback within one anadromous （Naknek River） and one lake （Pringle Lake） population and between the anadromous and two lake populations （Pringle and JoJo Lakes）, and raised them in a salinity of 4-6 ppt. The F1 anadromous and freshwater forms differed significantly in size, whereas hybrids were intermediate or exhibited dominance toward the anadromous form. Additionally, the size of freshwater Fls differed from their wild counterparts, with within-population Fls from Pringle Lake growing larger than their wild counterparts, while there was no size difference between lab-raised and wild anadromous fish. Sexual dimorphism was always present in anadromous fish, but not in freshwater, and not always in the hybrid crosses. These results, along with parallel changes among anadromous and fresh- water forms in other regions, suggest that this heritable trait is both plastic and may be under di- vergent and/or sexual selection.

关键词： adaptation body size common garden genetic basis threespine stickleback.

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An intercontinental comparison of insect seed predation between introduced and native oaks

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第2期17卷 217-230页

作者： Xin SUN Haidong LI Aibing ZHANG AnikóHIRKA György CSÓKA Ian S.PEARSE Marcel HOLYOAK Zhishu XIAO State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University111 Jiulong RoadHefeiAnhuiChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina College of Life Sciences Capital Normal UniversityBeijingChina Department of Forest Protection NARIC Forest Research InstituteHungary U.S.Geological Survey Fort Collins Science CenterFort CollinsCOUSA Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA

Novel interactions between introduced oaks and their natural enemies across different continents provide an opportunity to test the enemy release hypothesis(ERH)at local and global *** on the ERH,we assessed the impacts of native seed-feeding insects on introduced and native oaks within and among *** combined a common-garden experiment in China and biogeographic literature surveys to measure seed predation by insects and the proportion of acorn embryos surviving after insect infestation among 4 oak species with different geographical origins:Quercus mongolica origin from China,*** and *** from Europe,and *** from North *** supporting the ERH,oaks in introduced continents escaped seed predation compared to those in native continents and compared to other native oaks in introduced ***-garden comparisons showed that total acorn infestation rate of introduced ***(section Lobatae)was considerably lower than that of native oaks(section Quercus)in China and Europe,likely because of the differences in seed traits associated with different oak *** surveys showed that seed predation of introduced oaks was lower in the introduced continent than in the native *** survival was higher in introduced *** than native oaks in China and ***,insect seed predation of recently introduced *** in China was similar to that in Europe,which is not consistent with the *** results suggest that reduced acorn attack by native insects and higher embryo survival after acorn damage could increase the establishment success or invasion risk of introduced oaks in non-native continents.

关键词： acorn performance common garden plant-herbivore interactions species introduction the enemy release hypothesis

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Role of phenotypic plasticity in morphological differentiation between watersnake populations

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第4期15卷 329-337页

作者： Ian T.CLIFTON Jeremy D.CHAMBERLAIN Matthew E.GIFFORD Department of Biology University of Central ArkansasConwayArkansasUSA Department of Biology Southern Arkansas UniversityMagnoliaArkansasUSA Department of Environmental Sciences University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA

An individual’s morphology is shaped by the environmental pressures it experiences,and the resulting morphological response is the culmination of both genetic factors and environmental(non-genetic)conditions experienced early in its life(*** plasticity).The role that phenotypic plasticity plays in shaping phenotypes is important,but evidence for its influence is often *** exposed female neonate diamond-backed watersnakes(Nerodia rhombifer)from populations experiencing different prey-size regimes to different feeding treatments to test the influence of phenotypic plasticity in shaping trophic *** found that snakes in a large-prey treatment from a population frequently encountering large prey exhibited a higher growth rate in body size than individuals in a small-prey treatment from the same *** pattern was not observed in snakes from a population that regularly encounters small *** also found that regardless of treatment,snakes from the smallprey population were smaller at birth than snakes from the large-prey population and remained so throughout the *** results suggest that the ability to plastically respond to environmental pressures may be population*** results also indicate a genetic predisposition towards larger body sizes in a population where large prey items are more common.

关键词： common garden diamond-backed watersnake local adaptation phenotypic plasticity trophic morphology

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Effects of environment and genotype-by-environment interaction on phenotype of Rorippa elata(Brassicaceae),an endemic alpine plant in the Hengduan mountains

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第4期17卷 42-55页

作者： Zhi-Qiang Du Yao-Wu Xing Ting-Shen Han CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China

Global climate change poses a severe threat to mountain *** plasticity and local adaptation are two common strategies for alpine plant to cope with such *** may facilitate organismal adaptation to contrasting environments,depending on the influences of the environment or genotype or their interacted *** this study,we use an endemic alpine plant(Rorippa elata)in the Hengduan mountains(HDM)to unravel its phenotypic basis of adaptation strategy and evaluate the relative contributions of environment and genotype to its *** transplanted 37 genotypes of *** into two common gardens across low and high elevations(2800 vs.3800 m)during *** fitness-related traits were measured,including flowering probability and glucosinolates(GS)*** estimated the environmental or genotypic contributions to the phenotype and identified the main environmental *** results revealed that both environment and genotype-by-environment interactions contributed to the phenotypes of *** heterogeneity was identified as a key factor that explained 24%of the total phenotypic *** particular,genotypes of the northern HDM showed significantly higher plasticity in flowering probability than those of the southern ***,within the southern HDM,GS content indicated local adaptation to herbivory stresses for *** genotypes along *** conclusion,our results suggest that *** may have adapted to the alpine environment through species-level plasticity or regional-level local *** processes were shaped by either complex topography or interactions between genotype and mountain *** study provides empirical evidence on the adaptation of alpine plants.

关键词： alpine plant common garden genotype-by-environment Hengduan mountains local adaptation phenotypic plasticity

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Comparative studies of critical physiological limits and vulnerability to environmental extremes in small ectotherms:How much environmental control is needed?

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 355-371页

作者： Ary A.HOFFMANN Carla M.SGRÒ School of BioSciences Bio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia School of Biological Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia

Researchers and practitioners are increasingly using comparative assessments of critical thermal and physiological limits to assess the relative vulnerability of ectothermic species to extreme thermal and aridity conditions occurring under climate *** most assessments of vulnerability,critical limits are compared across taxa exposed to different environmental and developmental ***,many aspects of vulnerability should ideally be compared when species are exposed to the same environmental conditions,allowing a partitioning of sources of variation such as used in quantitative *** is particularly important when assessing the importance of different types of plasticity to critical limits,using phylogenetic analyses to test for evolutionary constraints,isolating genetic variants that contribute to limits,characterizing evolutionary interactions among traits limiting adaptive responses,and when assessing the role of cross generation ***,vulnerability assessments based on critical thermal/physiological limits also need to take place within a context that is relevant to field conditions,which is not easily provided under controlled environmental conditions where behavior,microhabitat,stress exposure rates and other factors will differ from field *** are ways of reconciling these requirements,such as by taking organisms from controlled environments and then testing their performance under field conditions(or vice versa).While comparisons under controlled environments are challenging for many taxa,assessments of critical thermal limits and vulnerability will always be incomplete unless environmental effects within and across generations are considered,and where the ecological relevance of assays measuring critical limits can be established.

关键词： comparative studies common garden critical limits ectotherms environmental control thermal limits stress resistance

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Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity of shape and behavior： parallel and unique patterns across sexes and species

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 369-378页

作者： Heather A. ARNETT Michael T. KINNISON School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine 0rono ME 04469 USA

Phenotypic plasticity is often an adaptation of organisms to cope with temporally or spatially heter- ogenous landscapes. Like other adaptations, one would predict that different species, populations, or sexes might thus show some degree of parallel evolution of plasticity, in the form of parallel reaction norms, when exposed to analogous environmental gradients. Indeed, one might even ex- pect parallelism of plasticity to repeatedly evolve in multiple traits responding to the same gradi- ent, resulting in integrated parallelism of plasticity. In this study, we experimentally tested for paral- lel patterns of predator-mediated plasticity of size, shape, and behavior of 2 species and sexes of mosquitofish. Examination of behavioral trials indicated that the 2 species showed unique patterns of behavioral plasticity, whereas the 2 sexes in each species showed parallel responses. Fish shape showed parallel patterns of plasticity for both sexes and species, albeit males showed evidence of unique plasticity related to reproductive anatomy. Moreover, patterns of shape plasticity due to predator exposure were broadly parallel to what has been depicted for predator-mediated popula- tion divergence in other studies （slender bodies, expanded caudal regions, ventrally located eyes, and reduced male gonopodia）. We did not find evidence of phenotypic plasticity in fish size for ei- ther species or sex. Hence, our findings support broadly integrated parallelism of plasticity for sexes within species and less integrated parallelism for species. We interpret these findings with respect to their potential broader implications for the interacting roles of adaptation and constraint in the evolutionary origins of parallelism of plasticity in general.

关键词： boldness common garden geometric morphometrics reaction norm sexual dimorphism size at maturity.

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Developmental environment contributes to rapid trait shifts among newly colonized subterranean habitats

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Zoological Research 2023年第4期44卷 808-820页

作者： Nathan E.Swanson Andrew G.Gluesenkamp Alexandra E.Donny Suzanne E.McGaugh Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California IrvineIrvineCA 92697-2525USA Center for Conservation and Research San Antonio ZooSan AntonioTexas 78212USA Ecology Evolutionand BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Recent colonization of extreme environments provides unique opportunities to study the early steps of adaptation and the potential for rapid convergent ***,phenotypic shifts during recent colonization may also be due to plasticity in response to changes in the rearing ***,we analyzed a suite of morphological and behavioral traits in paired surface,subterranean,and facultatively subterranean Mexican tetras(Astyanax mexicanus)from recent introductions in two separate watersheds outside of their native *** found a variety of phenotypic and behavioral shifts between subterranean and surface populations that are similar to those observed in relatively ancient populations in *** this rapid morphological divergence,we found that most of these trait differences were due to plasticity in response to rearing *** most trait assays in common-garden,lab-raised fish indicated that phenotypic shifts in wild fish were the result of plasticity,we also found evidence of genetic control in several traits present in subterranean ***,wall-following behavior,an important subterranean foraging behavior,was greater in lab-born subterranean fish than in lab-born surface fish,suggesting rapid divergence of this trait between subterranean and surface ***,this study sheds light on the early steps of subterranean evolution,identifies potential rapid behavioral evolution,and suggests that plasticity in traits involving exploratory behavior may facilitate subterranean colonization.

关键词： Plasticity Adaptation Subterranean Cavefish Evolution common garden

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Plant responses to simulated warming and drought:a comparative study of functional plasticity between congeneric mid and high elevation species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第3期11卷 364-374页

作者： Elena Hamann Halil Kesselring Jürg Stöcklin Botanical Institute Department of Environmental SciencesSection Plant EcologyUniversity of BaselSchönbeinstrasse 64056 BaselSwitzerland

Aims Effects of climate change,especially changes in temperatures and precipitation patterns,are particularly pronounced in alpine *** response,plants may exhibit phenotypic plasticity in key functional traits allowing short-term adjustment to novel ***,little is known about the degree of pheno-typic plasticity of high elevation species relative to mid elevation *** We transplanted 14 herbaceous perennial species from high eleva-tion into two common gardens(1050 and 2000 m.a.s.l.)in the Swiss Alps,and we examined plastic responses in key functional traits to changes in temperature and soil water *** design was replicated with 14 congeneric species from mid elevation to assess if the degree of phenotypic plasticity differs between mid and high elevation *** was assessed across two growing seasons,while aboveground biomass and specific leaf area(SLA)were measured after the first growing season,and biomass alloca-tion to belowground and reproductive structures after the ***,a phenotypic plasticity index was calculated for the func-tional traits to compare the degree of plasticity between mid and high elevation *** Findings Aboveground biomass was higher in mid elevation species relative to high elevation congeners in all treatments,yet decreased for both with elevation and ***,SLA decreased with elevation and *** mass fraction(RMF)was generally higher in high ele-vation species,and decreased with drought at the lower *** increased the allocation to reproductive structures,especially when plants were grown at their elevation of ***,no differ-ence was found in the degree of phenotypic plasticity averaged across mid and high elevation species for any of the studied functional *** results indicate that phenotypic plasticity in the focal traits did not depend on the elevation of origin of the *** was not related to

关键词： biomass allocation common garden climate change perennial herbaceous species phenotypic plasticity SLA Swiss Alps transplant experiment

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Enhanced fitness due to higher fecundity,increased defence against a specialist and tolerance towards a generalist herbivore in an invasive annual plant

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第2期2卷 77-86页

作者： D.Abhilasha J.Joshi Institute of Environmental Sciences University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Biodiversity Research/BotanyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 114469 PotsdamGermany

Aims The superior performance of many non-indigenous species in a new range can be attributed to different factors such as pre-adaptation to environmental conditions in new areas or to factors inherent to displacement mechanisms such as loss of co-evolved pathogens and herbivores that increase the speed of evolutionary change towards a shift in allocation from defence to growth and *** assess the importance of the different mechanisms governing the success of Conyza canadensis,a globally successful invader,we simultaneously tested several recent hypotheses potentially explaining the factors leading to biological *** We tested(i)whether plants from the non-native range showed a higher fitness than plants from the native North American range,(ii)whether they differed in resistance against an invasive generalist herbivore,the slug Arion lusitanicus and against a recently established specialist aphid herbivore,Uroleucon erigeronense and(iii)experimentally assessed whether *** releases allelopathic chemicals that have harmful effects on competing species in the nonnative *** compared populations along a similar latitudinal gradient both in the native North American and invasive European range and analysed patterns of adaptive clinal variation in biomass *** Findings The invasion success of *** in Europe cannot be attributed to a single trait,but to a combination of *** plants benefited from increased growth and above all,increased reproduction(a key trait in an annual plant)and were less attacked by a co-migrated specialist *** observed loss of defence against generalist slugs did not translate into a decreased fitness as invasive *** plants showed a high re-growth *** contrast to earlier in vitro studies,we detected no allelopathic effects on the competing flora in the non-native *** latitudinal cline in vegetative biomass production in the non-native range observ

关键词： allelopathy biological invasions Conyza canadensis EICA hypothesis generalist/specialist herbivory latitudinal clines biogeographic comparison common garden

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