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Recent Advancements in Nanomedicine for‘cold’tumor Immunotherapy

Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第6期13卷 143-189页

作者： Qinjun Chen Tao Sun Chen Jiang Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery(Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of Pharmaceuticsand School of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai 201203People’s Republic of China

Although current anticancer immunotherapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have been reported with a high clinical success rate,numerous patients still bear‘cold’tumors with insufficient T cell infiltration and low immunogenicity,responding poorly to ICI *** the advancements in precision medicine,in-depth mechanism studies on the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)among cold tumors are required to improve the treatment for these *** has emerged as a promising drug delivery system in anticancer immunotherapy,activates immune function,modulates the TIME,and has been applied in combination with other anticancer therapeutic *** review initially summarizes the mechanisms underlying immunosuppressive TIME in cold tumors and addresses the recent advancements in nanotechnology for cold TIME reversal-based therapies,as well as a brief talk about the feasibility of clinical translation.

关键词： tumor immune microenvironment cold tumor Nanotechnology Immunosuppressive Combination therapy

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Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot

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Cancer Communications 2024年第5期44卷 521-553页

作者： Gholam-Reza Khosravi Samaneh Mostafavi Sanaz Bastan Narges Ebrahimi Roya Safari Gharibvand Nahid Eskandari Department of Medical Immunology School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran Department of Immunology Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran Department of Immunology School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran

tumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment(TME).Hot tumors,characterized by heightened immune activity and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),stand in stark contrast to cold tumors,which lack immune infiltration and remain resistant to *** overcome immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells,novel immunologic modulators have emerged,particularly ICIs targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4(CTLA-4)and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1).These agents disrupt inhibitory signals and reactivate the immune system,transforming cold tumors into hot ones and promoting effective antitumor ***,challenges persist,including primary resistance to immunotherapy,autoimmune side effects,and tumor response *** these challenges requires innovative strategies,deeper mechanistic insights,and a combination of immune interventions to enhance the effectiveness of *** the landscape of cancer medicine,where immune cold tumors represent a formidable hurdle,understanding the TME and harnessing its potential to reprogram the immune response is *** review sheds light on current advancements and future directions in the quest for more effective and safer cancer treatment strategies,offering hope for patients with immune-resistant tumors.

关键词： cold tumor hot tumor immunologic modulator immunotherapy therapeutic strategy tumor microenvironment

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