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Associations between parental adherence to healthy lifestyles and cognitive performance in offspring:A prospective cohort study in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第6期137卷 683-693页

作者： Rongxia Lv Yuhui Huang Siyi Huang Shiyi Wu Siwen Wang Guangyu Hu Yanan Ma Peige Song Jorge E.Chavarro S.V.Subramanian Chunling Lu Zhihui Li Changzheng Yuan School of Public Health the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA Institute of Medical Information/Center for Health Policy and Management Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110122China Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA Division of Global Health Equity Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Vanke School of Public Health Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA

Background:Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood.This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in China.Methods:We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies.A healthy parental lifestyle score(ranged 0-5)was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors:Smoking,drinking,exercise,sleep,and diet.Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring’s fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years(2012,2014,2016,and 2018).Results:Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores performed better in overall fluid intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.53,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.29-0.77)and overall crystallized intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.35,95%CI:0.16-0.54)than those in the bottom tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores.The results were similar after further adjustment for the offspring’s healthy lifestyle scores and persisted across the subgroups of parental socioeconomic status.Additionally,maternal and paternal healthy lifestyle scores were independently associated with better offspring’s cognitive performance,with significant contribution observed for paternal never-smoking,weekly exercise,and diversified diet.When both parents and offspring adhered to a healthier lifestyle,we observed the highest level of the offspring’s overall crystallized intelligence.Conclusions:Our study indicates that parental adherence to a healthier lifestyle is associated with significantly better offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and early adulthood,regardless of socioeconomic status.These findings highlight the potential cognitive benefits of promoting healthy lif

关键词： Cohort study Parental healthy lifestyle Offspring cognitive performance Intelligence Adolescence

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Active video games in fully immersive virtual reality elicit moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and improve cognitive performance in sedentary college students

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第2期11卷 164-171,I0002页

作者： Caio Victor Sousa Jungyun Hwang Romina Cabrera-Perez Austin Fernandez Aika Misawa Kelsey Newhook Amy Shirong Lu Health Technology Lab College of ArtsMedia and DesignBouvé College of Health SciencesNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of Aging and Geriatric Research University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32603USA

Background:Active video games are a new method for increasing physical activity(PA).Fully immersive virtual reality(VR)is a hardware device on which an active video game can run.Active(video games in)VR(AVR),might increase immersion,game engagement,and moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),thereby yielding greater exercise-related benefits,e.g.,cognitive performance.Methods:We examined the induction of MVPA via an AVR and a sedentary VR(SVR)as well as the effects of VR play on cognitive performance,which was monitored using 2 different methods.Each of 29 sedentary college students attended three 20-min laboratory sessions(AVR,SVR,or control)in a randomized order;during the control session,they sat quietly doing nothing.A fully immersive headset was used for the 2 video game sessions.We monitored and computed participants’PA using hip-wom accelerometers(wGT3 x-bt;ActiGraph,Pensacola,FL,USA)and a heart rate band(Polar H7;Polar,Kempele,Finland).After each session,the participants completed a mnemonic similarity test(MST)to measure recognition memory.They also filled out a motion sickness questionnaire and an abbreviated game experience questionnaire.Results:The AVR session induced a significantly greater heart rate and more time spent in MVPA than did either of the other 2 sessions regardless of the PA monitoring method.AVR elicited greater game experience questionnaire-assessed sensory and imaginative immersion,challenge,and positive affect than did SVR.The mnemonic similarity test recognition score was marginally higher post-AVR session than it was post-SVR session.Conclusion:AVR elicited MVPA without a significant increase in motion sickness and induced a better game experience and better borderline cognitive performance than did SVR.

关键词： Active video game cognitive performance Mnemonic similarity test MVPA Virtual reality

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Effects of Target and Distractor Saturations on the cognitive performance of an Integrated Display Interface

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第1期28卷 208-216页

作者： XUE Chengqi LI Jing WANG Haiyan NIU Yafeng College of Mechanical Engineering Southeast University

Color coding is often used to enhance decision quality in complex man-machine interfaces of integrated display systems. However, people are easily distracted by irrelevant colors and by the numerous data points and complex structures in the interface. Although an increasing number of studies are seriously focusing on the problem of achieving efficient color coding, few are able to determine the effects of target and distractor saturations on cognitive performance. To study the performances of target colors among distractors, a systematic experiment is conducted to assess the influence of high and low saturated targets on cognitive performance, and the affecting extent of different saturated distractors of homogeneous colors on targets. According to the analysis of the reaction time through the non-parametric statistical method, a calculation method of the cognitive performance of each color is proposed. Based on the calculation of the color differences and the accumulation of the reaction times, it is shown that with the different saturated distractors of homogeneous colors, the high saturated yellow targets perform better than the low saturated ones, and the green and blue targets have moderate performances. When searching for a singleton target placed oll a black background, the color difference between the target and the distractor should be more than 20AE＊ab units in the yellow saturation coding, whereas the color difference should be more than 40△E＊ab units in the blue and green saturation coding. In addition, as regards saturation coding, the influence of the color difference between the target and the background on cognitive performance is greater than that of the color difference between the target and the distractor. Seemingly, the hue attribute determines whether the saturation difference between the target and the distractor affects thc cognitive performance. Based on the experimental results, the simulation design of the instrument dials in a flight situation awareness interface is completed and teste

关键词： cognitive performance saturation level target color distractor color color difference

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Associations between parental adherence to a healthy lifestyle and cognitive performance in offspring: A prospective cohort study in China

Associations between parental adherence to a healthy lifesty...

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中国营养学会第十五届全国营养科学大会

作者： Rongxia Lv Yuhui Huang Siyi Huang Shiyi Wu Siwen Wang Guangyu Hu Yanan Ma Peige Song Jorge E Chavarro S V Subramanian Chunling Lu Zhihui Li Changzheng Yuan School of Public Health the Children's Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health Institute of Medical Information/Center for Health Policy and Management Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Public Health China Medical University Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health Division of Global Health Equity Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical School Vanke School of Public Health Tsinghua University Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health

Adolescence is a critical period development of higher-order cognition and the corresponding refinements of the structure and function of the brain regions supporting it. The development of higher-order cognition is determined by neurobiological and genetic mechanisms as well as household, community, and environmental factors. Lifestyle, as an important factor of the family environment, plays a critical role in affecting offspring s cognition and behaviors. However, previous studies on parental lifestyle and offspring cognitive performance have mainly focused on individual lifestyle factors or lifestyle profiles of one of the parents, and were limited to the observation in offspring’s early childhood. Little is known about the potential role of parental adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle in the cognitive performance of offspring during adolescence and early adulthood. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the prospective association between overall parental lifestyle and cognitive performance in offspring during adolescence and young adulthood, using a nationally representative sample from China. Methods We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at the study baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS). Five healthy lifestyle factors were defined as(1) modified dietary diversity score greater than or equal to 5 points(about the top 35%),(2) never smoking,(3) non-habitual drinking(no more than three times per week in the last month),(4) exercise weekly,(5) taking a short afternoon nap(cognitive measures were used to assess offspring crystallized intelligence(summed by z-transformed vocabulary and mathematics test scores) and fluid intelligence(summed by z-transformed immediate word recall, delayed word recall, and numb

关键词： Parental healthy lifestyle offspring cognitive performance cohort study

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Individual Differences in cognitive performance Regulated by Deep-Brain Activity during Mild Passive Hyperthermia and Neck Cooling

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2016年第8期6卷 305-316页

作者： Emiko Imai Yoshitada Katagiri Hiroshi Hosaka Kiyoshi Itao Department of Rehabilitation Science Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science Hyogo Japan Advanced ICT Research Institute National Institute of Information and Communication Technology Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Frontier Science The University of Tokyo Chiba Japan The Advanced Institute of Wearable Environmental Information Networks Tokyo Japan

Hyperthermia-induced decline in cognitive performance is a moderate complication that poses challenges to the maintenance of safety. Although the underlying mechanism can be attributed to the disruption of brain networks, the propensity remains unclear. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the extent of the alterations in cognitive performance is governed by the activity of deep brain structures, including monoaminergic neural systems. A decline in cognitive performance during mild hyperthermia and the beneficial effects of neck cooling were demonstrated using the Continuous performance Test as a battery of cognitive tasks. Aspects of cognitive performance were characterized using the deep-brain activity (DBA) index as a neural activity parameter and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to assess the extent of alterations in cognitive performance as an individual measure. It was found that a higher average DBA index during tasks is essential for high cognitive performance in the heat. This beneficial effect of DBA is governed by the upper brainstem. This DBA benefit is more significant for individuals with higher average DBA indices at rest in a normal environment. Individual differences in cognitive performance in the heat are governed by differences in DBA. In addition, the beneficial effect of DBA on cognitive performance in heat only applies under conditions including neck cooling. This limited neck-cooling effect is attributed to anti-homeostatic thermoregulatory responses to cognitive tasks regulated by DBA.

关键词： cognitive performance Hyperthermia Neck Cooling Deep Brain Electroencephalogram Alpha-2 Rhythm

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The Effects of Externally Paced Exercise on Executive Function and Stress in College-Aged Students

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 149-155页

作者： Peter C.Douris Joseph Cottone Patricia Cruz Nicholas Frosos Christie Marino Leonard Singamenggala Joshua Shapiro Amber Sousa John P.Handrakis Joanne DiFrancisco‑Donoghue Department of Physical Therapy School of Health ProfessionsNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNY 11758USA College of Osteopathic Medicine New York Institute of Technology(NYIT)Old WestburyNYUSA VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury James J.Peters VA Medical CenterBronxNYUSA

Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the acute effect of a beginner martial art class and aerobic exercise on executive function(EF)in college-aged young adults.There is overwhelming evidence that demonstrates acute as well as long-term aerobic exercise improves EF.Nevertheless,there is limited research comparing externally paced exercise(EPE)to self-paced exercise(SPE)such as walking on improving EF.EPE requires greater cortical demand than SPE to execute a motor plan.Methods Eight men and eight women,aged 24.2±2.8 years,participated in a Repeated Measures Crossover Design.Pre-and post-testing of EF with the Stroop and Tower of London(ToL)and stress level were measured after each of the two 1-h conditions:the SPE consisted of a walk(aerobic exercise)and the EPE was a beginner martial art class.Results There were significant main effects for the martial art class for the Stroop’s mean reaction time for congruent trials(P=0.01)with a large-effect size.The mean reaction time for incongruent trials was significant(P=0.05)with a medium-effect size.The ToL’s mean solution time(P=0.003)and mean execution time(P=0.002)were also significant with large-effect sizes.Stress levels were not significantly improved following either condition.Conclusion The martial art class significantly improved all the major domains of EF,while aerobic exercise of a similar intensity did not demonstrate any measured significant changes.The physiological benefits of physical exercise are well documented;however,the cognitive enhancing capability of EPE should also be appreciated given the results of this study.

关键词： Externally paced exercise Self-paced exercise cognitive performance Executive function

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Ecophysiology of egg rejection in hosts of avian brood parasites:new insights and perspectives

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Current Zoology 2021年第6期67卷 631-638页

作者： Francisco RUIZ-RAYA Centro de Investigación Marina Universidade de VigoGEAVigo 36310Spain

Egg rejection is the most effective and widespread defense used by host species to counteract the extreme fitness costs frequently imposed by obligate avian brood parasites.Yet,the proximate mechanisms underlying between-and within-individual variation in host responses remain poorly explored.Emerging evidence suggests that egg rejection is dependent on individual physiological states,and draws attention to the role of hormones as mediators of flexible antiparasitic responses.In this perspective article,I outline recent advances in our understanding of the proximate factors that mediate egg rejection.I also point out some areas where knowledge remains still lacking,especially those related to the development and maintenance of effective cognitive functions,the potential role of oxidative stress,immunological state,and developmental stressors.I propose new hypotheses that stimulate future research on behavioral host responses toward brood parasitism.

关键词： cognitive performance condition-dependence corticosterone flexible responses prolactin

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Effect of Sleep Hygiene Orientation on Social Cognition Impairments Due to Chronic Sleep Restriction in Mexican Medical Residents

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2023年第3期14卷 47-62页

作者： Jiménez-Ceballos Betsabe Arana-Lechuga Debora Yoaly Terán-Pérez Guadalupe Jovanna Escartín-Pérez Rodrigo Erick Velázquez-Moctezuma Javier Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Ciudad de México México Sleep Disorders Center Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa Ciudad de México México FES Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México Neuroscience Area Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Ciudad de México México

Introduction: Sleep is critical to human physiological function, cognitive performance, and emotional regulation. Healthcare personnel, especially physicians, are chronically exposed to long working hours, which are often accompanied by decreased sleep time. Clinical evidence indicates that these conditions affect their cognitive function and professional practice, but researchers in the field have not sufficiently explored the possible effects of reductions in sleep time on social cognition. Objective: The aim of this is to further explore the effects of sleep restriction among medical residents, the specific impairments in social cognition that it produces, and the effects of a sleep hygiene orientation on those impairments. Method: There were 124 medical residents (50 males, 74 females) who completed a daily sleep/work log, a battery of sleep tests/questionnaires, and neuropsychological evaluations. The participants then received a short course (8 hours) on basic concepts of sleep hygiene and sleep psychoeducation. Once the course was completed, participants filled out the questionnaires again. Results: The results indicate that sleep disturbances in medical residents were associated with severe neurocognitive and social cognition impairments. After the sleep hygiene intervention, neuropsychological function and sleep parameters improved, awareness increased, and social cognition performance significantly improved. Conclusion: Using sleep psychoeducation and sleep hygiene intervention in medical residents is a simple strategy to mitigate the effects of sleep restriction.

关键词： Sleep Hygiene Shift Work Sleep Restriction cognitive performance

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cognitive effects of long-term residence in the Antarctic environment

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Advances in Polar Science 2012年第3期23卷 170-175页

作者： YAN Gonggu WU Songdi WANG Tianle ZHANG Xuemin SAKLOFSKE Donald H School of Psychology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology of Beijing Beijing 100875China Department of Neurology Xi'an No.1 HospitalXi'an 710002China Department of Psychology University of Western OntarioOntario N6A 3K7Canada

This study examined whether prolonged residence in the Antarctica had a significant impact on cognitive performance. Participants were members of the 24th and 25th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expeditions. cognitive performance was measured with tests designed to evaluate short-term recognition, memory search and spatial cognition, measured four times： January, March, April, and June 2010. Age was controlled as a covariate, and data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. The results revealed that subjects＇ short-term memory and recognition ability remained stable, while 82% of team members exhibited improved scores on a spatial cognitive ability test. These findings have important implications for furthering our understanding of cognitive functioning in extreme environments.

关键词： Antarctica prolonged residence cognitive performance memory spatial cognition

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