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code Smell视角下分层Web应用失血及充血现象的量化分析

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电子学报 2020年第4期48卷 772-780页

作者：黄子杰陈军华高建华上海师范大学计算机科学与技术系上海200234

分层Web应用的领域层由领域模型构成.仅存储数据且不实现行为的领域模型被称作失血领域模型,其状态和数据由非领域层中的类维护,造成后者的充血现象.失血和充血现象损害了Web应用的可维护性,然而,由于缺乏量化分析和研究,其论据多基于... 详细信息

分层Web应用的领域层由领域模型构成.仅存储数据且不实现行为的领域模型被称作失血领域模型,其状态和数据由非领域层中的类维护,造成后者的充血现象.失血和充血现象损害了Web应用的可维护性,然而,由于缺乏量化分析和研究,其论据多基于主观经验得出.本文度量三种code Smell(Feature Envy、Blob和Data Class)的强度,将它们作为衡量失血和充血现象的标准,对现象进行量化分析,进而得出它们之间的相关性.本文对一个公开数据集的91个Java Web项目及10个不同领域的开源Java Web应用的多个版本进行了实验,实验发现至少有75%的项目受领域层失血和服务层充血现象的影响,这些现象极少被解决或减弱,两者的强度在不同类间存在相关性,且两者强度的增量在同一软件项目的不同版本间亦存在相关性.

关键词：软件可维护性 web应用分层结构 code smell 领域建模

Building of a Dissension Settlement Mechanism in the China's Environmental code

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2022年第2期17卷 220-240页

作者：吴昂 Law School Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

It is not currently appropriate to make detailed provisions on an ecological and environmental dissension settlement mechanism in the would-be China's environmental code(code),given the prevailing mechanism status in China.Such provisions need to be appropriately selected under the philosophy of moderate codification,and various methods should be adopted according to the actual situation of the specific system.Contradictions between various systems should be removed in the compiling of this code,which eventually would make an ecological and environmental dissension settlement mechanism with complementary functions and procedural coordination,ensuring that ecological and environmental dissensions can be smoothly resolved within the updated framework,and damaged interests can be fully remedied.

关键词： code sustainable development dissension settlement mechanism

Template-based AADL automatic code generation

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2019年第4期13卷 698-714页

作者： Kai HU Zhangbo DUAN Jiye WANG Lingchao GAO Lihong SHANG State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Beihang University Beijing 100083 China State Grid Corporation of China Beijing 100031 China Beijing China-Power Information Technology Co. Ltd State Grid Information & Telecommunication Group Beijing 100192 China

Embedded real-time systems employ a variety of operating system platforms. Consequently, for automatic code generation, considerable redevelopment is needed when the platform changes. This results in major challenges with respect to the automatic code generation process of the architecture analysis and design language (AADL). In this paper, we propose a method of template-based automatic code generation to address this issue. Templates are used as carriers of automatic code generation rules from AADL to the object platform. These templates can be easily modified for different platforms. Automatic code generation for different platforms can be accomplished by formulating the corresponding generation rules and transformation templates. We design a set of code generation templates from AADL to the object platform and develop an automatic code generation tool. Finally, we take a typical data processing unit (DPU) system as a case study to test the tool. It is demonstrated that the autogenerated codes can be compiled and executed successfully on the object platform.

关键词： real-time system template formal methods AADL automatic code generation

Formative Assessment of Programming Language Learning Based on Peer code Review: Implementation and Experience Report

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2019年第4期24卷 423-434页

作者： Qing Sun Ji Wu Wenge Rong Wenbo Liu the School of Computer Science and Engineering BeihangUniversity

In programming courses, the traditional assessment approach tends to evaluate student performance by scoring one or more project-level summative assignments. This approach no longer meets the requirements of a quality programming language education. Based on an upgraded peer code review model, we propose a formative assessment approach to assess the learning of computer programming languages, and develop an online assessment system(OOCourse) to implement this approach. Peer code review and inspection is an effective way to ensure the high quality of a program by systematically checking the source code. Though it is commonly applied in industrial and open-source software development, it is rarely taught and practiced in undergraduate-level programming courses. We conduct a case study using the formative assessment method in a sophomore level Object-Oriented Design and Construction course with more than 240 students. We use Moodle(an online learning system) and some relevant plugins to conduct peer code review. We also conduct data mining on the running data from the peer assessment activities. The case study shows that formative assessment based on peer code review gradually improved the programming ability of students in the undergraduate class.

关键词： peer code review programming language learning dynamic designation formative assessment

Role of glycine on sulfuric acid-ammonia clusters formation:Transporter or participator

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第3期32卷 125-135页

作者： Danfeng Li Dongping Chen Fengyi Liu Wenliang Wang Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China

Glycine(Gly) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and plays a vital role in new particle formation(NPF).However,the potential mechanism of its on sulfuric acid(SA)-ammonia(A)clusters formation under various atmospheric conditions is still ambiguous.Herein,a(Gly)x·(SA)y·(A)z(z≤x+y≤3) multicomponent system was investigated by using density functional theory(DFT) combined with Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics code(ACDC) at different temperatures and precursor concentrations.The results show that Gly,with one carboxyl(-COOH) and one amine(-NH2) group,can interact strongly with SA and A in two directions through hydrogen bonds or proton transfer.Within the relevant range of atmospheric concentrations,Gly can enhance the formation rate of SA-A-based clusters,especially at low temperature,low [SA],and median [A].The enhancement(R) of Gly on NPF can be up to 340 at T=218.15 K,[SA]=10^4,[A]=10^9,and [Gly]=107 molecules/cm^3.In addition,the main growth paths of clusters show that Gly molecules participate into cluster formation in the initial stage and eventually leave the cluster by evaporation in subsequent cluster growth at low [Gly],it acts as an important "transporter" to connect the smaller and larger cluster.With the increase of [Gly],it acts as a "participator" directly participating in NPF.

关键词： New particle formation(NPF) Glycine Atmospheric cluster Atmospheric cluster dynamics code Enhancement mechanism

Study of first orbit losses of 1 MeV tritons using the Lorentz orbit code in the LHD

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第2期21卷 21-25页

作者： Kunihiro OGAWA Mitsutaka ISOBE Takeo NISHITANI Sadayoshi MURAKAMI Ryosuke SEKI Hideo NUGA Neng PU Masaki OSAKABE LHD Experiment Group National Institute for Fusion Science National Institutes of Natural Sciences SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Kyoto University Kyoto-city

Shot-integrated measurement of the triton burnup ratio has been performed in the Large Helical Device. It was reported that the triton burnup ratio, defined as total DT neutron yield divided by total DD neutron yield, increases significantly in inward shifted configurations. To understand the magnetic configuration dependence of the triton burnup ratio, the first orbit loss fraction of 1 MeV tritons is evaluated by means of the Lorentz orbit code for various magnetic configurations. The first orbit loss of 1 MeV tritons is seen at t of less than 10-5 s and loss points of the triton are concentrated on the side of the helical coil case where the magnetic field is relatively weak. The significant decrease of the first orbit loss fraction by 15% is obtained with the inward shift of the magnetic axis position from 3.90 to 3.55 m. It is found that the decrease of first orbit loss is due to the reduction of the first orbit loss of transition and helically trapped tritons.

关键词： the Large Helical Device tritons energetic ion first orbit loss Lorentz orbit code

Value of a comprehensive geriatric assessment for predicting one-year outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: results from the CGA-TAVI multicentre registry

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第6期16卷 468-477页

作者： Martijn S.van Mourik Nathalie van der Velde Giulio Mannarino Marie-Pierre Thibodeau Jean-Bernard Masson Gennaro Santoro Jan Baan Sofie Jansen Jana Kurucova Martin Thoenes Cornelia Deutsch ANDreas W.Schoenenberger ANDrea Ungar Peter Bramlage M Marije Vis Department of Cardiology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Department of Internal Medicine Section of Geriatric Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Geriatric Intensive Care Unit Department of Geriatrics and Medicine Careggi Hospital and University of Florence Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal Edwards Lifesciences Institute for Pharmacology und Preventive Medicine Department of Geriatrics Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern

Background In a three-month report from the CGA-TAVI registry, we found the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) to be of value for predicting short-term outcomes in elderly patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). In the present analysis, we examined the association of these tools with outcomes up to one year post-TAVI. Methods CGA-TAVI is an international, observational registry of geriatric patients undergoing TAVI. Patients were assessed using the MPI and SPPB. Efficacy of baseline values and any postoperative change for predicting outcome were established using logistic regression. Kaplan- Meier analysis was carried out for each comprehensive geriatric assessment tool, with survival stratified by risk category. Results One year after TAVI, 14.1% of patients deceased, while 17.4% met the combined endpoint of death and/or non-fatal stroke, and 37.7% the combined endpoint of death and/or hospitalisation and/or non-fatal stroke. A high-risk MPI score was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (aOR = 36.13, 95% CI: 2.77–470.78, P = 0.006) and death and/or non-fatal stroke (aOR = 10.10, 95% CI: 1.48–68.75, P = 0.018). No significant associations were found between a high-risk SPPB score and mortality or two main combined endpoints. In contrast to a worsening SPPB, an aggravating MPI score at three months post-TAVI was associated with an increased risk of death and/or non-fatal stoke at one year (aOR = 95.16, 95% CI: 3.41–2657.01). Conclusions The MPI showed value for predicting the likelihood of death and a combination of death and/or non-fatal stroke by one year after TAVI in elderly patients.

关键词： Comprehensive geriatric assessment Multidimensional prognostic index Short physical performance battery Silver code Transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Design of Irregular QC-LDPC code Based Multi-Level coded Modulation Scheme for High Speed Optical Communication Systems

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China Communications 2019年第5期16卷 106-120页

作者： Liqian Wang Dongdong Wang Yongjing Ni Xue Chen Midou Cui Fu Yang Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876China The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation Shijiazhuang 050081China Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory Shijiazhuang 050081China College of Information Science and Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066000China College of Information Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050000China The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066000China

In this paper, we focus on the design of irregular QC-LDPC code based multi-level coded modulation(MLCM) scheme by jointly optimizing the component code rate and the degree distribution of the irregular QC-LDPC component code. Firstly, the sub-channel capacities of MLCM systems is analyzed and discussed, based on which the optimal component code rate can be obtained. Secondly, an extrinsic information transfer chart based two-stage searching algorithm is proposed to find the good irregular QC-LDPC code ensembles with optimal component code rates for their corresponding sub-channels. Finally, by constructing the irregular QC-LDPC component codes from the designed ensembles with the aim of possibly enlarging the girth and reducing the number of the shortest cycles, the designed irregular QC-LDPC code based 16QAM and 64QAM MLCM systems can achieve 0.4 dB and 1.2 dB net coding gain, respectively, compared with the recently proposed regular QC-LDPC code based 16QAM and 64QAM MLCM systems.

关键词： quasi-cyclic low-density parity check (QC-LDPC) code irregular, extrinsic information transfer(EXIT) chart generalized mutual information(GMI) multi-level coded modulation(MLCM)

Junction Point Elimination based Tamil Handwritten Character Recognition:An Experimental Analysis

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2020年第1期29卷 100-123页

作者： M.Antony Robert Raj S.Abirami Department of Information Science and Technology Anna UniversityChennai 600025

Optical Character Recognition is the mechanical or electronic conversion of images of typed,handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text for online reading and study.In this OCR technique,Tamil handwritten character recognition is one of the most needed and challengeable subjects of research.An encounter between selection and extraction of proper features eliminates the issues faced by the Tamil handwritten recognition.The character and the writers complexities are the major difficulties and challenges faced by this recognition system.Eventually,the character complexity can be overcome by any pre-extraction or selection process,wherein,structured or statistical pre-extraction algorithm can be designed,discovering the essential features,in the case of writer difficulties.The challenges of Tamil handwritten characters are structure over looping;unnecessary character portion;structure discontinuations and so on.The character portions in this research are chosen by implementing a new algorithm called the Junction Point Elimination(JPE)after conscientious analysis done on the existing algorithms like Zoning,Zoning and Junction Point(ZJP)and the Junction Point (JP) based feature pre-extraction process.The novelty behind this work is introducing an algorithm in order to truncate the problem in the existing feature selection and preextraction algorithms.Suitable feature extraction and classification algorithm are chosen and applied on the features extracted by JPE to test whether the same can be reached in successful manner.The final analysis and experiments shows that the JPE is better than the others.

关键词： Junction point elimination chain code zoning prism tree quad tree support vector machine