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Influence of tectonic stress on coalification:Stress degradation mechanism and stress polycondensation mechanism

Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第1期50卷 43-54页

作者： CAO DaiYong LI XiaoMing ZHANG ShouRen Key Laboratory of Coal Resources(China University of Mining&Technology) Ministry of EducationBeijing 100083China

The function of pressure for coalification is a long-term controversial issue, and the main cause is that the strata pressure and the tectonic stress were confused, which are two different actions of "pres-sure" . The former benefits the physical coalification but retards the chemical coalification, whereas the latter may not only affect the physical structure of coal but also promote its chemical composition changes. In accordance with the organic molecule evolution of coal, there are two kinds of basic mechanisms of the influence of the tectonic stress on the chemical coalification: the tectonic stress degradation and the tectonic stress polycondensation. The stress degradation mechanism is a process of that, when the tectonic stress acted on the large molecule of coal in the form of mechanical force or kinetic energy, some chemical bonds of low decomposed energy, such as aliphatic side-chain and oxygenic functional groups, were broken up and then were degraded into free radicals of less mo-lecular weight, and finally escaped from coal in the form of liquid organic matter (hydrocarbon). The stress polycondensation is considered that, under the control of the anisotropic tectonic stress, the condensed aromatic nucleus trend to be parallel arranged and to be enhanced through rotating or displacing of aromatic rings, the basic structural unit of coal (BSU) increases by directional develop-ment and preferential stack. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR), and rock pyrolysis analysis (Rock-eval) were employed to study the deformed coal series and the non-deformed coal series. The results showed that, compared with the non-deformed coal, the de-formed coal exhibits particular characteristics: weaker aliphatic absorbance peak and stronger aro-matic absorbance peak, lower pyrolysed hydrocarbon yield, and more increscent BSU. The concepts of stress degradation mechanism and stress polycondensation mechanism presented here would not deny the dominant function of the temperatur

关键词： coalification pressure factor tectonic stress degradation tectonic stress polycondensation tectonically deformed coal

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Enigmatic Glass-Like Carbon from the Alpine Foreland, Southeast Germany: A Natural Carbonization Process

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2179-2200页

作者： Tatyana G. SHUMILOVA Sergey I. ISAENKO Vasily V. ULYASHEV Boris A. MAKEEV Michael A. RAPPENGLüCK Aleksey A. VELIGZHANIN Kord ERNSTSON Institute of Geology of Komi Scientific Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Pervomayskaya st.54Syktyvkar167982Russia Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology University of Hawaii at Manoa1680 East-West RoadHonoluluHI96822USA Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies GilchingGermany National Research Center 《Kurchatov Institute》 Akademika Kurchatova pl.1Moscow123182Russia Faculty of Philosophy I University of WürzburgGermany

Unusual carbonaceous matter, termed here chiemite, composed of more than 90% C from the Alpine Foreland at Lake Chiemsee in Bavaria, southeastern Germany has been investigated using optical and atomic force microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis, as well as by δ13 C and 14 C radiocarbon isotopic data analysis. In the pumice-like fragments, poorly ordered carbon matter co-exists with high-ordering monocrystalline α-carbyne, and contains submicrometersized inclusions of complex composition. Diamond and carbyne add to the peculiar mix of matter. The required very high temperatures and pressures for carbyne formation point to a shock event probably from the recently proposed Holocene Chiemgau meteorite impact. The carbon material is suggested to have largely formed from heavily shocked coal, vegetation like wood, and peat from the impact target area. The carbonization/coalification high PT process may be attributed to a strong shock that instantaneously caused the complete evaporation and loss of volatile matter and water, which nevertheless preserved the original cellular structure seen fossilized in many fragments. Relatively fresh wood encapsulated in the purported strongly shocked matter point to quenched carbon melt components possibly important for the discussion of survival of organic matter in meteorite impacts, implying an astrobiological relationship.

关键词： astrobiology diamond carbyne coalification carbonization meteorite impact chiemite

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THE DISCOVERY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF BENZENE VAPOUR FROM COAL SEAMS, CHINA

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1991年第21期36卷 1806-1810页

作者：吴俊 Institute of Geology Academia Sinica Beijing 100029 PRC

Ⅰ. SAMPLES AND EXPERIMENT To study the composition of the coaibed gas, 139 coal samples containing gas from some important coalfields in China were analysed. They were taken from newly driven and mined faces. Since i... 详细信息

关键词： coalbed gas coalification benzene vapour

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Action of Coal on Metal Corrosion in Coal Mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 1998年第1期19卷 27-31页

作者：孙智王温银沈寒领

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of metals under a variety of coal condition bas been studied in this paper. The corrosion dynamics and electrochemical parameters of metals have heen measured and the micrograph of metals corrosion has been analyzed. The results show that in the neutral electricity medium solution the metal corrosion rate varies greatly when metals contacted with different kinds of coal. The coal exerts an important action on corrosion of metal contacting with coal.In this case the deciding factors of this action are the coalification of coal and the relative electrode potential of metal. The effect of higher coalification coal with higher electroconductivity such as anthracite coal is vary noteworthy while the low coalification coal with low or without any electrocondutivity such as brown coal and coking coal produces little influence.

关键词： corrosion metal coal coalification potential

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