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A Novel Approach Based on Hybrid Algorithm for Energy Efficient cluster head Identification in Wireless Sensor Networks

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第10期43卷 259-273页

作者： C.Ram Kumar K.Murali Krishna Mohammad Shabbir Alam K.Vigneshwaran Sridharan Kannan C.Bharatiraja Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Dr.N.G.P.Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore641048India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vignan’s Institute of Information TechnologyDuvvadaVisakhapatnam530049India Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyJazan UniversityJizan45142Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering K.Ramakrishnan College of EngineeringTiruchirappalli621112India Department of Computer Science and Engineering JKK Munirajah College of TechnologyErode638506India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai603203India

The Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)is a self-organizing network with random deployment of wireless nodes that connects each other for effective monitoring and data transmission.The clustering technique employed to group the collection of nodes for data transmission and each node is assigned with a cluster head.The major concern with the identification of the cluster head is the consideration of energy consumption and hence this paper proposes an hybrid model which forms an energy efficient cluster head in the Wireless Sensor Network.The proposed model is a hybridization of Glowworm Swarm Optimization(GSO)and Artificial Bee Colony(ABC)algorithm for the better identification of cluster head.The performance of the proposed model is compared with the existing techniques and an energy analysis is performed and is proved to be more efficient than the existing model with normalized energy of 5.35%better value and reduction of time complexity upto 1.46%.Above all,the proposed model is 16%ahead of alive node count when compared with the existing methodologies.

关键词： Wireless sensor network cluster cluster head hybrid model glowworm swarm optimization artificial bee colony algorithm energy consumption

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Adaptive Route Sink Relocation Using cluster head Chain Cycling Model in WSN

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1811-1826页

作者： M.Sudha P.Shanmugapriya Rami Q.Malik Ahmed Alkhayyat Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Paavai Engineering CollegeNamakkal637018India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Saranathan College of EngineeringTiruchirappalli620012India Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering Al-Mustaqbal University CollegeHillah51001Iraq College of Technical Engineering The Islamic UniversityNajafIraq

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)have revolutionized the processes involved in industrial communication.However,the most important challenge faced by WSN sensors is the presence of limited energy.Multiple research inves-tigations have been conducted so far on how to prolong the energy in WSN.This phenomenon is a result of inability of the network to have battery powered-sensor terminal.Energy-efﬁcient routing on packetﬂow is a parallel phenomenon to delay nature,whereas the primary energy gets wasted as a result of WSN holes.Energy holes are present in the vicinity of sink and it is an important efﬁcient-routing protocol for WSNs.In order to solve the issues discussed above,an energy-efﬁcient routing protocol is proposed in this study named as Adaptive Route Decision Sink Relocation Protocol using cluster head Chain Cycling approach(ARDSR-CHC2H).The proposed method aims at improved communica-tion at sink-inviting routes.At this point,cluster head Node(CHN)is selected,since it consumes low energy and permits one node to communicate with others in two groups.The main purpose of the proposed model is to reduce energy con-sumption and deﬁne new interchange technology.A comparison of simulation results demonstrates that the proposed algorithm achieved low cluster creation time,better network error and high Packet Delivery Rate with less network failure.

关键词： cluster head energy-efﬁcient routing chain routing cycling approach sink relocation adaptive routing WSN

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An Optimal cluster head and Gateway Node Selection with Fault Tolerance

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 1595-1609页

作者： P.Rahul B.Kaarthick Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and Technology CoimbatoreThondamuthur641109Tamil NaduIndia

In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANET),Quality of Service(QoS)is an important factor that must be analysed for the showing the better performance.The Node Quality-based clustering Algorithm using Fuzzy-Fruit Fly Optimiza-tion for cluster head and Gateway Selection(NQCAFFFOCHGS)has the best network performance because it uses the Improved Weighted clustering Algo-rithm(IWCA)to cluster the network and the FFO algorithm,which uses fuzzy-based network metrics to select the best CH and entryway.However,the major drawback of the fuzzy system was to appropriately select the membership func-tions.Also,the network metrics related to the path or link connectivity were not considered to effectively choose the CH and gateway.When learning fuzzy sets,this algorithm employs a new Continuous Action-set Learning Automata(CALA)approach that correctly modiﬁes and chooses the fuzzy membership functions.Despite the fact that it extends the network’s lifespan,it does not assist in the detection of defective nodes in the routing route.Because of this,a new Fault Tolerance(NQCAEFFFOCHGS-FT)mechanism based on the Distributed Connectivity Restoration(DCR)mechanism is proposed,which allows the net-work to self-heal as a consequence of the algorithm’s self-healing capacity.Because of the way this method is designed,node failures may be utilised to rebuild the network topology via the use of cascaded node moves.Founded on the fractional network information and topologic overhead related with each node,the DCR is suggested as an alternative to the DCR.When compared to the NQCAFFFOCHGS algorithm,the recreation results display that the proposed NQCAEFFFOCHGS-FT algorithm improves network performance in terms of end-to-end delay,energy consumption,Packet Loss Ratio(PLR),Normalized Routing Overhead(NRO),and Balanced Load Index(BLI).

关键词： Hybrid-manet cluster head gateway node failure fault tolerance distributed connectivity restoration

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Dynamic cluster head for Lifetime Efficiency in WSN

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2009年第1期6卷 48-54页

作者： Hesham Abusaimeh Department of Computer Science Loughborough University Loughborough

Saving energy and increasing network lifetime are significant challenges in wireless sensor networks （WSNs）. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to distribute the responsibility of cluster-heads among the wireless sensor nodes in the same cluster based on the ZigBee standard, which is the latest WSN standard. ZigBee supports ad hoc on-demand vector （AODV） and cluster-tree routing protocols in its routing layer. However, none of these protocols considers the energy level of the nodes in the network establishing process or in the data routing process. The cluster-tree routing protocol supports single or multi-cluster networks. However, each single cluster in the multi-cluster network has only one node acting as a cluster head. These cluster-heads are fixed in each cluster during the network lifetime. Consequently, using these cluster-heads will cause them to die quickly, and the entire linked nodes to these cluster-heads will be disconnected from the main network. Therefore, the proposed technique to distribute the role of the cluster head among the wireless sensor nodes in the same cluster is vital to increase the lifetime of the network. Our proposed technique is better in terms of performance than the original structure of these protocols. It has increased the lifetime of the wireless sensor nodes, and increased the lifetime of the WSN by around 50% of the original network lifetime.

关键词： cluster-tree routing protocol cluster head energy consumption ad hoc on-demand distance vector （AODV） networklifetime wireless sensor networks （WSNs）.

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Effective cluster head Substitution Leach Protocol for Wireless Communication

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2022年第5期10卷 74-89页

作者： Kabukila Kilotwa Michel Hairong Yan Njiraini Immaculate Biaye Yaye Department of Computer Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing China

In recent years, the demand for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in smart farming has had a tremendous increase in demand for its efficiency. Wireless sensor networks have very many nodes, and it is of no use when the battery dies. This is why there are several routing protocols being take into consideration to cub this problem. In this paper, in order to increase the heterogeneity and energy levels of the network, the M-LEACH protocol is proposed. The key aim of the Leach protocol is to prolong the existence of wireless sensor network by lowering the energy consumption needed for cluster head creation and maintenance, the proposed algorithm instructs a node to use high power amplification as it acts as the cluster heads, and low power amplification when it becomes a cluster Member, in the next stage. Finally, for better effectiveness, M-LEACH employs hard and soft threshold systems. Since it eliminates collisions and reduces the packet drop ratio for other signals, the M-LEACH protocol proposed works better than the Leach protocol.

关键词： LEACH cluster head UAV Wireless Sensor Network clustering Threshold

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Echo Location Based Bat Algorithm for Energy Efficient WSN Routing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 6351-6364页

作者： Anwer Mustafa Hilal Siwar Ben Haj Hassine Jaber S.Alzahrani Masoud Alajmi Fahd N.Al-Wesabi Mesfer Al Duhayyim Ishfaq Yaseen Abdelwahed Motwakel Department of Computer and Self Development Preparatory Year DeanshipPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlKharjSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMahayil AsirSaudi Arabia Department of Industrial Engineering College of Engineering at AlqunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversitySaudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computer and IT Sana’a UniversitySana’aYemen Department of Natural and Applied Sciences College of Community-AflajPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversitySaudi Arabia

Due to the wide range of applications,Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)are increased in day to day life and becomes popular.WSN has marked its importance in both practical and research domains.Energy is the most significant resource,the important challenge in WSN is to extend its lifetime.The energy reduction is a key to extend the network’s lifetime.clustering of sensor nodes is one of the well-known and proved methods for achieving scalable and energy conserving WSN.In this paper,an energy efficient protocol is proposed using metaheuristic Echo location-based BAT algorithm(ECHO-BAT).ECHO-BAT works in two stages.First Stage clusters the sensor nodes and identifies tentativecluster head(CH)along with the entropy value using BAT algorithm.The second stage aims to find the nodes if any,with high residual energy within each cluster.CHs will be replaced by the member node with high residual energy with an objective to choose the CH with high energy to prolong the network’s lifetime.The performance of the proposed work is compared with Low-Energy Adaptive clustering Hierarchy(LEACH),Power-Efficient Zoning clustering Algorithm(PEZCA)and Chaotic Firefly Algorithm CH(CFACH)in terms of lifetime of network,death of first nodes,death of 125th node,death of the last node,network throughput and execution time.Simulation results show that ECHO-BAT outperforms the other methods in all the considered measures.The overall delivery ratio has also significantly optimized and improved by approximately 8%,proving the proposed approach to be an energy efficient WSN.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks BAT algorithm energy efficient clustering cluster head energy consumption

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Implementation of K-Means Algorithm and Dynamic Routing Protocol in VANET

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第2期40卷 455-467页

作者： Manoj Sindhwani Charanjeet Singh Rajeshwar Singh School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Lovely Professional UniversityPhagwara144411India Doaba Group of Colleges Nawanshar144517India

With the growth of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks,many services delivery is gaining more attention from the intelligent transportation system.However,mobility characteristics of vehicular networks cause frequent disconnection of routes,especially during the delivery of data.In both developed and developing countries,a lot of time is consumed due to traffic congestion.This has significant negative consequences,including driver stress due to increased time demand,decreased productivity for various personalized and commercial vehicles,and increased emissions of hazardous gases especially air polluting gases are impacting public health in highly populated areas.clustering is one of the most powerful strategies for achieving a consistent topological structure.Two algorithms are presented in this research work.First,a k-means clustering algorithm in which dynamic grouping by k-implies is performed that fits well with Vehicular network’s dynamic topology characteristics.The suggested clustering reduces overhead and traffic management.Second,for inter and intra-clustering routing,the dynamic routing protocol is proposed,which increases the overall Packet Delivery Ratio and decreases the End-to-End latency.Relative to the cluster-based approach,the proposed protocol achieves improved efficiency in terms of Throughput,Packet Delivery Ratio,and End-to-End delay parameters comparing the situations by taking different number of vehicular nodes in the network.

关键词： cluster head cluster member intelligent transportation system packet delivery ratio vehicular communication

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SRN-LEACH: an energy-efficient leach protocol with random number stabilisation for WSNs

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Journal of Control and Decision 2023年第1期10卷 82-89页

作者： Ravi Kumar Sanapala Srineevasa Rao Duggirala Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Jawaharlal Nehru Technological UniversityHyderabadTelanganaIndia

The power supplies of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are not replaceable orrechargeable forsensors. For reducing the communication protocols’ impact onthe sensor network’s energy dissipation,various protocols or mechanisms havebeen proposed. Therefore, this article proposesa stable random number-basedLEACH protocol to stabilize the random number generation toimprove the CHselection efficiency. The wireless sensor network’s average node energy (ANE)ismultiplied by the random number that relies on the nodes’ energy. A nodegrade algorithm(NGA) based relay selection is introduced for inter andintracluster communication for energy efficiencyenhancement. The proposed NGA calculates the grade of a node using residual energy,distance from CHs,and its traffic parameters. Based on the simulation results, the proposedSRN-LEACH protocol shows superior performance as compared to existing protocolsincludingreduced energy dissipation, improved communication quality, andNLT. The proposed methodattains a minimum average delay of 0.136ms, 0.95% PDR, 148kbps TP rate, and 98% NLT.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks LEACH protocol cluster head average node energy node grade algorithm relay selection

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EACR-LEACH:Energy-Aware cluster-based Routing Protocol for WSN Based IoT

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2159-2174页

作者： Sankar Sennan Kirubasri Youseef Alotaibi Digvijay Pandey Saleh Alghamdi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sona College of TechnologySalem636005India Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Department of Technical Education Department of Electronics EngineeringInstitute of Engineering and TechnologyDr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam Technical UniversityLucknowIndia Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

Internet of Things(IoT)is a recent paradigm to improve human lifestyle.Nowadays,number devices are connected to the Internet drastically.Thus,the people can control and monitor the physical things in real-time without delay.The IoT plays a vital role in all kind of fields in our world such as agriculture,livestock,transport,and healthcare,grid system,connected home,elderly people carrying system,cypher physical system,retail,and intelligent systems.In IoT energy conservation is a challenging task,as the devices are made up of low-cost and low-power sensing devices and local processing.IoT networks have significant challenges in two areas:network lifespan and energy usage.Therefore,the clustering is a right choice to prolong the energy in the network.In LEACH clustering protocol,sometimes the same node acts as CH again and again probabilistically.To overcome these issues,this paper proposes the Energy-Aware cluster-based Routing(EACRLEACH)protocol in WSN based IoT.The cluster head(CH)selection is a crucial task in clustering protocol inWSN based IoT.In EACR-LEACH,the CH is selected by using the routing metrics,Residual Energy(RER),Number of Neighbors(NoN),Distance between Sensor Node and Sink(Distance)and Number of Time Node Act as CH(NTNACH).An extensive simulation is conducted on MATLAB 2019a.The accomplishment of EACR-LEACH is compared to LEACH and SE-LEACH.The proposed EACR-LEACH protocol extends the network’s lifetime by 4%-8%and boosts throughput by 16%–24%.

关键词： cluster head clustering protocol internet of things routing metrics wireless sensor networks

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Optimal Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Using Genetic Fuzzy Logic System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 4107-4122页

作者： S.Zulaikha Beevi Abdullah Alabdulatif Computer Department College of Sciences and Arts in Ar RassQassim UniversityAr RassSaudi Arabia

The wireless sensor network(WSN)is a growing sector in the network domain.By implementing it many industries developed smart task for different purposes.Sensor nodes interact with each other and this interaction technique are handled by different routing protocol.Extending the life of the network in WSN is a challenging issue because energy in sensor nodes are quickly drained.So the overall performance of WSN are degraded by this limitation.To resolve this unreliable low power link,many researches have provided various routing protocols to make the network as dependable and sustainable as possible.While speeding up the data delivery is also considered to be an effective approach to save energy.To achieve this objective,we propose a new energy efficient routing protocol using genetic fuzzy logic system.Our primary objective is to save energy by sending data packets via the shortest path.Numerous studies have proved that the clustering protocol plays an important role in prolonging the life of the sensor node in theWSN.Keeping up with this our second objective is selection of head node from a cluster.This cluster head is selected based on the availability of maximum residual energy among the nodes,lifetime of head-to-head link,and its minimum distance to the base station.The genetic fitness approach is proposed for optimal routing and the selection of cluster head(CH)is employed with fuzzy logic system.As a result,the genetic fuzzy logic system(GFLS)can effectively accelerate the process to solve this problem.MATLAB is used to deploy nodes inWSN.The performance is calculated in terms of efficiency,delay,packet delivery rate and network throughput.The performance is compared with previous pertinent work.The proposed approach has elevated its performance around 8%in packet delivery and 6%in overall network throughput.

关键词： clustering routing protocol cluster head fuzzy logic

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