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Key features of new particle formation events at background sites in China and their influence on cloud condensation nuclei

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 107-117页

作者： Xiaojing SHEN Junying SUN Xiaoye ZHANG Yangmei ZHANG Lu ZHANG Ruxia FAN State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and-Arid Region Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Long-term continuous measurements of particle number size distributions with mobility diameter sizes ranging from 3 to 800 nm were pertbrmed to study new particle formation （NPF） events at Shangdianzi （SDZ）, Mt. Tai （TS）, and Lin＇an （LAN） stations representing the background atmospheric conditions in the North China Plain （NCP） Central East China （CEC） and Yangtze River Delta （YRD） regions, respectively. The mean formation rate of 3-nm particles was 6.3, 3.7, and 5.8 cm -3 .s-1, and the mean particle growth rate was 3.6, 6.0, and 6.2 nm. h at SDZ, TS, and LAN, respectively. The NPF, event characteristics at the three sites indicate that there may be a stronger source of low volatile vapors and higher condensational sink of pre-existing particles in the YRD region. The formation rate of NPF events at these sites, as well as the condensation sink, is approximately 10 times higher than some results reported at rural/urban sites in western countries. However, the growth rates appear to be 1 2 times higher. Approximately 12%-17% of all NPF events with nucleated particles grow to a climate- relevant size （〉50 nm）. These kinds of NPF events were normally observed with higher growth rate than the other NPF cases. Generally, the cloud condensation nuclei （CCN） number concentration can be enhanced by approximately a factor of 2 6 on these event days. The mean value of the enhancement factor is lowest at LAN （2-3） and highest at SDZ （-4）. NPF events have also been found to have greater impact on CCN production in China at the regional scale than in the other background sites worldwide.

关键词： New particle formation Regional background cloud condensation nuclei Growth rate Formation rate

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Measurement of Internally Mixed Aerosols Acting as cloud condensation nuclei

Measurement of Internally Mixed Aerosols Acting as Cloud Con...

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第七届海峡两岸气胶技术研讨会暨第二届空气污染技术研讨会

作者： Hui-Ming Hung Department of Atmospheric Sciences National Taiwan University

＜正＞In order to investigate the impact of aerosol complex to the cloud formation, we studied the ability of internally mixed ammonium sulfate/sodium chloride （AS/NaCl） and ammonium sulfate/oxalic acid （AS/OA） pa... 详细信息

关键词： aerosol ammonium sulfate oxalic acid sodium chloride cloud condensation nuclei CCN.

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Global sources, emissions, transport and deposition of dust and sand and their effects on the climate and environment： a review

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第1期11卷 35-43页

作者： Feng Wang Xueqiu Zhao Cynthia Gerlein-Safdi Yue Mu Dongfang Wang Qi Lu Institute of Desertification Studies Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 China School of Resources and Environment Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA

Dust and Sand Storms （DSS） originating in deserts in arid and semi-arid regions are events raising global public concern. An important component of atmospheric aerosols, dust aerosols play a key role in climatic and environmental changes at the regional and the global scale. Deserts and semi-deserts are the main source of dust and sand, but regions that undergo vegetation deterioration and desertification due to climate change and human activities also contribute significantly to DSS. Dust aerosols are mainly composed of dust particles with an average diameter of 2 ***, which can be transported over thousands of kilometers. Dust aerosols influence the radiation budget of the earth- atmosphere system by scattering solar short-wave radiation and absorbing surface long-wave radiation. They can also change albedo and rainfall patterns because they can act as cloud condensation nuclei （CCN） or ice nuclei （IN）. Dust deposition is an important source of both marine nutrients and contaminants. Dust aerosols that enter marine ecosystems after long-distance transport influence phytoplankton biomass in the oceans, and thus global climate by altering the amount of CO2 absorbed by phytoplankton. In addition, the carbonates carried by dust aerosols are an important source of carbon for the alkaline carbon pool, which can buffer atmospheric acidity and increase the alkalinity of seawater. DSS have both positive and negative impacts on human society： they can exert adverse impacts on human＇s living environment, but can also contribute to the mitigation of global warming and the reduction of atmospheric acidity.

关键词： Dust and sand storm Climate effects Radiative forcing cloud condensation nuclei Precipitation Iron fertilizer

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A preliminary study on measurements of black carbon in the atmosphere of northwest Qilian Shan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第1期24卷 152-159页

作者： Shuyu Zhao Jing Ming Cunde Xiao Weijun Sun Xiang Qin State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesGansu 730000China China National Climate Center Beijing 100081China Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesGansu 730000China

Black carbon （BC） concentration and meteorological data are measured discontinuously from May 2009 to March 2011,at the Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment （hereafter ＂QSSGEE＂）,located near the terminal of the Laohugou No.12 Glacier in northwestern Qilian Shan,*** measured the daily,monthly and seasonal variations of BC concentration in the atmosphere and discussed the possible emission *** carbon background concentration in this region varied in the range of 18–72 ng/m 3 with the highest in summer and the lowest in *** relations between BC concentration and surface wind direction indicated that BC concentration was higher when northwest wind prevails while lower when southeast wind *** masses backward trajectories showed the potential emission sources in the *** positive correlations between daily mean BC concentration and relative humidity indicated that BC might be one of important cloud condensation *** hypothesis needs to be confirmed further through cloud microphysical features in this region.

关键词： black carbon Qilian Shan cloud condensation nuclei

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Modeling Marine Stratocumulus with a Detailed Microphysical Scheme

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2004年第1期21卷 61-74页

作者：赵春生 Yutaka ISHIZAKA Department of Atmospheric Science School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 HyARC Nagoya University Nagoya Japan

A one-dimensional 3rd-order turbulence closure model with size-resolved microphysics and radiative transfer has been developed for investigating aerosol and cloud interactions of the stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer. A new method is presented for coupling between the dynamical model and the microphysical model. This scheme allows the liquid water related correlations to be directly calculated rather than parameterized. On 21 April 2001, a marine stratocumulus was observed by the Caesar aircraft over the west Pacific Rim south of Japan during the 2001 APEX/ACE-Asia field measurements. This cloud is simulated by the model we present here. The model results show that the general features of the stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer predicted by the model are in agreement with the measurements. A new onboard cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) counter provides not only total CCN number concentration (as the traditional CCN counters do at a certain supersaturation) but also the CCN size distribution information. Using these CCN data, model responses to different CCN initial concentrations are examined. The model results are consistent with both observations and expectations. The numerical results show that the cloud microphysical properties are changed fundamentally by different initial CCN concentrations but the cloud liquid water content does not differ significantly. Different initial CCN loadings have large impacts on the evolution of cloud microstructure and radiation transfer while they have a modest effect on thermodynamics. Increased CCN concentration leads to significant decrease of cloud effective radius.

关键词： cloud condensation nuclei aerosol cloud marine stratocumulus modeling

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Applying the WRF Double-Moment Six-Class Microphysics Scheme in the GRAPES_Meso Model： A Case Study

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第2期32卷 246-264页

作者： Meng ZHANG Hong WANG Xiaoye ZHANG Yue PENG Huizheng CHE Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather/Institute of Atmospheric Composition Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 Key Laboratory for Aerosol-cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 Beijing Meteorological Service Center Beijing 100089

This study incorporated the Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF） model double-moment 6-class（WDM6） microphysics scheme into the mesoscale version of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Pr Ediction System（GRAPES_Meso）. A rainfall event that occurred during 3–5 June 2015 around Beijing was simulated by using the WDM6, the WRF single-moment 6-class scheme（WSM6）, and the NCEP 5-class scheme, respectively. The results show that both the distribution and magnitude of the rainfall simulated with WDM6 were more consistent with the observation. Compared with WDM6, WSM6 simulated larger cloud liquid water content, which provided more water vapor for graupel growth, leading to increased precipitation in the cold-rain processes. For areas with the warmrain processes, the sensitivity experiments using WDM6 showed that an increase in cloud condensation nuclei（CCN）number concentration led to enhanced CCN activation ratio and larger cloud droplet number concentration（Nc） but decreased cloud droplet effective diameter. The formation of more small-size cloud droplets resulted in a decrease in raindrop number concentration（Nr）, inhibiting the warm-rain processes, thus gradually decreasing the amount of precipitation. For areas mainly with the cold-rain processes, the overall amount of precipitation increased; however, it gradually decreased when the CCN number concentration reached a certain magnitude. Hence, the effect of CCN number concentration on precipitation exhibits significant differences in different rainfall areas of the same precipitation event.

关键词： mesoscale version of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System WRF single-moment 6-class scheme microphysics scheme double moment cloud condensation nuclei

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Marine biogenic aerosols and their effects on aerosol-cloud interactions over the Southern Ocean:a review

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Advances in Polar Science 2021年第3期32卷 195-209页

作者： XU Yifan XU Guojie CHEN Liqi ZHANG Miming Key Laboratory for Aerosol-cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry(GCMAC)of Ministry of Natural Resources(MNR) Third Institute of Oceanography(TIO)Xiamen 361005China

The Southern Ocean(SO)plays an important role in the global climate *** in SO biogeochemistry and marine ecosystems may influence the distribution of atmospheric aerosols and clouds and impact the climate *** reviewed current knowledge on the interactions between marine aerosols and clouds over the *** focused on marine primary and secondary organic aerosols and summarized their characteristics,processes and roles as cloud condensation nuclei and ice *** described in detail the interactions between the marine ecosystem,aerosols and *** discussed marine productivity,formation of marine biogenic aerosols and interactions between aerosols,clouds and *** explored the impact of climate change on SO marine ecosystem productivity and aerosol-cloud-climate *** biogenic aerosols could impact the radiation budget and oceanic low-level clouds over the *** study contributes towards an improved understanding of marine productivity,aerosol-cloud interactions and climate change in the *** SO may respond to climate change in varying *** studies are urgently needed to support accurate forecasts of future changes in the SO.

关键词： Southern Ocean marine biogenic aerosols cloud condensation nuclei ice nuclei climate change

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Characteristics of Aerosol Activation Efficiency and Aerosol and CCN Vertical Distributions in North China

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2012年第5期26卷 579-596页

作者：段婧陈勇郭学良 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

By analyzing airborne observations over North China from 30 flights during spring and autumn of 2005-2007, characteristics of the vertical distributions of aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei （CCN） at 0.3% supersaturation in various locations of North China are investigated. The measurement samplings were conducted over different surfaces such as plains, plateau, and sea. The results show that the number concentration of accumulation mode aerosols was greater in autumn than in spring, but the reverse is true for CCN. This means that more aerosols with diameters smaller than 100 nm could be activated as CCN in spring, and this could induce higher aerosol activation efficiency. The aerosol activation efficiency over the plains near the Taihang Mountain was greater in spring than in autumn, and it was greater over sea than over land. The aerosol activation efficiency above the boundary layer over the Bashang Plateau was very low. Based on a fit of the negative exponential vertical distributions of aerosol and CCN, a spatial parameterization model of aerosol and CCN as well as aerosol activation efficiency over North China was proposed. The results show that aerosol activation efficiency was not clearly dependent on altitude because it was mainly affected by regional physical and chemical characteristics of aerosols and the ambient atmospheric conditions. The mean aerosol activation efficiency is 0.66, with values of 0.70 and 0.53 in spring and autumn, respectively.

关键词： aerosol cloud condensation nuclei vertical distribution activation efficiency spatial paramete-rization model

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ON ICE FORMING nuclei

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1991年第4期5卷 497-513页

作者： J.Rosinski P.L.Haagenson C.T.Nngamoto G.Morgan National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration BoulderColorado 80303USA Ente Regionale per 1o Svilluppo dell' Agricoltura GoriziaItaly

cloud condensation nuclei(CCN)constitute a reservoir of latent ice-forming nuclei(IFN)active by conden sation-followed-by-freezing and by *** classes of aerosol particles active as IFN by sorption were *** first produces IFN concentrations which are dependent on temperature *** IFN concen- tration consecutively increases with lowering of temperature and does not respond to the increasing partial water vapor *** second produces IFN concentrations which are dependent on partial water vapor pressure only,The IFN concentration consecutively decreases with decreasing of the partial water vapor pres- sure that takes place with the lowering temperature. Sulfates(mostly ammonium sulfate)constitute an integral part of IFN active by condensation-followed-by- freezing and by *** isentropic air parcel trajectories linked polluted air rich in sulfates and clean air with high and low concentrations of IFN active by condensation-followed-by-freezing at-19.7℃ and S_w=0.1%. The experiments were performed in a dynamic filter processing chamber with aerosol particles collected on membrane filters.

关键词： cloud condensation nuclei sorption ice-forming nuclei ice-forming nuclei active by condensation-followed-by-freezing

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